Download the structure of islamic teaching and misunderstanding

INTERNATIONAL CLASS-FHUI
Islamic religion is derived from revelation (Al
Qur’an) and Sunnah (Al Hadits). Meanwhile,
Islamic doctrine is the explanation of Islamic
religion.
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By following the systematic of Iman, Islam, and
Ikhsan which are come from the Hadits of
Muhammad SAW, the structure of Islamic
religion consist of:
1. Aqidah
2.Sharia
3.Akhlaq
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(1) Aqidah
 Etymologically, Aqidah is a binding creed,
hasp.
 Technically, Aqidah is faith, faith that becomes
the guide of life of every adherent of Islam.
Therefore, Aqidah always associated with the
pillars of faith (arkanul iman) which is the
principle of all Islamic doctrine.
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The discussion of Aqidah done with science of
kalam that discuss and clarify about kalam Ilahi
(the divinity); or the science of monotheism
(tauhid) that discuss and clarify about the
divinity; or usuluddin that discuss and clarify the
principles of Islamic religion.
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The creed of Islam as stated in the Qur'an and
the books of Hadith that contains the Sunnah
of the Prophet Muhammad SAW needs further
detailed by qualified person so that the
guidance can be used by Muslims.
In the history of Islam which has been running
for fourteen centuries, the experts who are
qualified are the ulama (people with
knowledge) has tried to understand, explore,
interpret, and discuss Islamic theology with the
science of kalam.
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 According to Ibnu Khaldun, the science of kalam
is the science that discuss Aqidah to preserve the
faith by using mind.
(Gazalba, 1975: 213)
 The science of kalam nowadays known as Islamic
theology.
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(2) Sharia
 Etymologically, Sharia is a way to go by every
adherent of Islam.
 Technically, Sharia is a set of norms that governs
human relationship with Allah, human
relationship with other human in social life,
human relationship with the objects and the
natural environment around him.
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The norms formed in:
1.Principle of worship (Ibadah)
in a special
meaning or called rules of pure worship, managing ways
and ceremonies about direct relationship between
human with God.
This principle revolves about taharah (purification) and
arkanul Islam (the pillars of Islam) that consist of shalat,
zakat, shaum (fasting), and hajj.
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 This principle should not be changed, added, or
subtracted. Because it is closed, there’s a general
principle of it: “All acts prohibited unless the act is
set up by Allah SWT and exemplified by Rasulullah
SAW.” In this principle of worship, renewal or
modernization of worship is banned, but
modernization is available only in the tools that used
for the implementation of the worship.
 If this principle of worship connected with the five
principles of Islamic Law, "rules of origin" of worship
is prohibition (haram). It means everything in the
scope of pure worship is basically prohibited, unless
the deed had been commanded by Allah and
exemplified by His Prophet.
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2.Principle of muamalah
- governs human relationship with other human and
the objects in the society.
- In Al Qur’an and Sunnah, only the main points of
this principle that set. The details are open to the
mind of qualified person by exercising ijtihad.
- This principle is able to be changed by using
interpretation that adjusting the time and place
factors.
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 Because it is opened, there’s a general
principle of it: “All acts are allowed, unless the
act is prohibited in Al Qur’an and Sunnah”.
 If this principle of worship connected with
the five principles of Islamic Law, "rules of
origin"
of
muamalah
is
a
might
(ja’iz/ibahah). It means everything in the
scope of muamalah is basically a might if
there’s no prohibition to perform that act and
it isn’t contrary to the spirit of Islamic
doctrine in general.
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The principle of muamalah divided as illustrated in the
diagram below:
Munakahat (marriage law)
Principle of civil
relationship
Principle of
Muamalah
Wirasah (inheritance law)
Etc.
Jinayat (criminal law)
Khilafah/al-Ahkam
As-Sulthaniyah
(constitutional law)
principle of public
relationship
Siyar (international law)
Mukhasamat
(procedural law)
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Etc.
 This principle is studied by the science of fiqh. This
science understand and explore the sharia to be
formulated into concrete rules that could be
implemented in the community.
 Considering that sharia is divided into two categories,
sharia of worship (ibadah) and sharia of muamalah, so
that the science of fiqih is also into science of fiqh
ibadah and the science of fiqh muamalah.
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AKHLAQ
Akhlaq comes from the word “khuluk” meaning
temperament, attitude, character, and morality
Akhlaq can be devided into:
morals towards the Creator (creator of the universe),
among man, and to other creatures.
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 Islamic morality derrived from the Quran and the –
Hadith book. Character of the prophet Muhammad is
the contents of the Qur'an.
Morals can be devided again into:
(1) character toward God (Allah), the creator,
maintainer and the ruler of the universe. The study,
called a character steeped in mysticism (Sufism,
within English word: mystic),
(2) morality of human beings: eg apply patience,
gratitude, is the morality of self, while for the public /
other human beings such as justice and truth, and
mutual obligations.
(3) character toward other than man, the living
environment.INTERNATIONAL CLASS-FHUI
 Of the three components of Islam,
Aqidah, Sharia and Akhlaq, which
became the basic framework of
doctrine (religion) of Islam, developed
system of Islamic philosophy, Islamic
legal system, education system of
Islam, the Islamic economic system
and so on.
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Kalam Science
AQIDAH
Confidence turned
The Creed or faith that
becomes the guide of life
of every adherent of Islam
ISLAMIC
RELIGION
SHARIAH
A set of divine norms that
governs relations between
Human and nature
AKHLAQ
Human behaviour toward God
and other human and nature
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principles
of Ibadah
Relationship with God
science of
Fiqh
Muamalah
Principles
Relationship with
Human & nature
Tasawuf
Science
MISUNDERSTANDING ABOUT
ISLAM
1.Misunderstood the scope of the teachings of Islam:
Islam sets the human relationship with God & with the
environment.
They consider the scope of Islamic teachings with other religious
teachings
 To that end, must study Islam from its main source of the Qur'an
and Hadith.
2. Misunderstood the basic framework of Islamic
teachings.
One should describes the basic framework of Islamic teachings of
creed (Aqidah), Shari'ah & morals (Akhlaq) as unity
 Consider the parts of Islamic teaching do not separate from one
another. Therefore, in studying the parts of the Islamic teachings
should not be separated from each other and should also be
linked with human issues and problems in other fields
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3. One misuses the method to study Islam
Making the teachings of Islam as an object of study and
analysis with analytical method that is incompatible with
Islamic teachings.
The method should be used in the study of Islam are:
According to Ali Shari'ati: since Islam is multidimensional,
then the method is used not just by one method, but many
methods, such as methods of philosophical, historical and
sociological methods, etc..
According to Mukti Ali: the study of Islam needs to be done
with scientific approach-doctrinaire or synthetic methods.
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The things that must be considered in the study
of Islamic Law
 Islamic law is a part of the basic framework of Islamic teachings.
Islamic law must be associated with faith and morals, because in
Islamic law, faith, and decency (ethics /moral) can not be
separated
- Can not be studied using other legal science (because it is
secular)
- Islamic law is always associated with some key terms, al
shari'ah and fiqh
- Islamic law governs the whole system of human relationships,
both with God, the self-righteous, Community, and the
environment.
- Islamic law was studied by using its own methodology of
Islamic law (usul al fiqh).
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The End
Thank You!
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