Download Islam

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Thomas Hughes Islam
Religion was started by Muhammad; an Arab prophet
When he started to have revelations from Allah
Abu Bakr helped spread Islam after Muhammad’s death
Believers in Islam are called Muslims
Quran is essentially the bible for Islam
Muhammad first got revelations in Mecca, then he was persecuted and fled to
Medina in 622
Muhammad’s followers also fled with him to Medina
His followers were referred to as his Umma
Followers of Islam are supposed to recognize one creator (Allah) who rewards or
punishes believers after they die on how the lived their lives
Muhammad’s Umma took back Mecca
Muhammad dies in 632 and Abu Bakr takes the helm at Caliph
The official established succession of leader after Muhammad was called the
caliphate
Abu Bakr created the five pillars of Islam
1. Avowal that there is only one god and that Muhammad is his
messenger
2. Prayer five times a day
3. Fasting during the lunar month of Ramadan
4. Paying Alms
5. Making the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during your life
Islam spread well in cities early on
Women were supposed to be concealed and confined
Post Muhammad Islam was split into two categories the Sunnis and the Shiites
Shiites; branch of Islam that followed Muhammad’s son in law Ali
Sunnis; branch of Islam that believed that the community should select their own
leadership
Umayyad Caliphate: First hereditary Muslim dynasty ruled form 661 to 750
Abbasid Caliphate; Descendants of Muhammad’s uncle (al-Abbas) they
overthrew the Umayyad and ruled from Bagdhad until 1258
Mamluks: Soldiers that fought for the Abbasids that had Turkish descent
Ulama; Muslim relisgious scholars that typically interpreted law and spread
knowledge
Hadith and Quran were the bases for Islamic law
Madrasas were Islamic religious colleges
Spread of Islam
Timbuktu was an Islamic center of learning
The Delhi Sultanate, Mali and the Ottoman Empire were all religiously Islamic
Islam spread more through southern Africa in the 17th and 18th centuries due to
the Ottoman slave trade
Bornu was an example of this and they became Islam
The Iberian Peninsula was Islamic until it was Spain and Portugal began the
reconquest of Iberia in the 13th century