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ANCIENT GREECE TEST REVIEW 1. What shaped the economic, social, and political development of Greek civilization? 1. the physical geography of the Aegean Basin 2. What allowed Greek culture to spread across the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea? 2. trade and colonization 3. What is term for Greek culture? 3. Hellenic 4. Where did Greek civilization arise? 4. Aegean Sea 5. Where did the Minoan civilization begin? 5. on the island of Crete 6. What is another name for the Balkan Peninsula? 6. Greek Peninsula 7. What was included in the territory of the Greeks? 7. land in Europe and Asia 8. What was most important sea to all of Greek civilizations’ vast trade networks? 8. Mediterranean Sea 9. What did the area east of the Greek civilization include? 9. Black Sea and Dardanelles 10. What were the two main Greek city states? 10. Athens and Sparta 11. What was the name of the area north of Greece that was home to Phillip II and Alexander? 11. Macedonia 12. What resulted from Greece’s mountainous terrain? 12. independent city-states outdoor life, trade, markets 13. Why did the Greeks colonize areas beyond their homeland? 13. overpopulation and lack of arable land 14. What type of religion was mythology? 14. polytheism 15. What heavily influenced Greek culture, politics, and art? 15. mythology 16. Many of Western Civilizations symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from Ancient Greek 16. mythology 17. Who were the major Greek deities? 17. Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Aphrodite 18. What was the significance of Mount Olympus to the Greeks? 18. home of deities (gods/goddesses) 19. What did each deity do? Athena Aphrodite Apollo Artemis Zeus Hera 19. Athena = wisdom and womanly arts Aphrodite = love and beauty Apollo = sun and poety Artemis = the hunt and light Zeus = king of the gods Hera = Zeus’ wife, queen of gods 20. What type of government developed in classical Athens that became a foundation for other areas? 20. democracy 21. What is the term for a Greek city-state? 21. polis 22. What is the term for the elevated portion of a Greek city-state? 22. acropolis 23. In Greek political culture, who was considered a citizen? 23. free adult males 24. Greek citizens held political rights and also had the responsibility of 24. civic participation 25. In Greece women, foreigners, and slaves had 25. no political rights 26. Whose alphabet was modified by the Greeks to provide a foundation for today’s alphabet? 26. Phoenician 27. What was the original purpose of the Olympic Games in Ancient Greece? 27. to honor gods 28. What is the term for rule by a person who inherits the power to rule? This was also the first type of government in Ancient Greece. 28. monarchy 29. What is the term for rule by a group of land-owning nobles? 29. aristocracy 30. In Ancient Greece, what type of government was led by a ruler who illegally took power but had the support of the people? 30. tyranny 31. What type of government existed in Sparta that included rule by a small, militaristic group? 31. oligarchy 32. What is the correct order of the progression of Greek government in Athens? 32. First Monarchy, second aristocracy, third tyranny, fourth democracy 33. What type of government gives citizens the right to vote? 33. democracy 34. Which two Greek tyrants worked to create reforms that helped the people? 34. Draco and Solon 35. What type of government included direct political participation, public debate, civic duties, citizenship, and voting? 35. Democracy 36. Who is noted for establishing the first harsh code of laws in Athens? 36. Draco 37. Sparta and Athens shared the Olympic Games, a common language, and 37. mythology 38. Which Greek city-state included hoplites, oligarchy, a rigid social structure, militarism, communal living, and restrictions on freedom? 38. Sparta 39. Which conflict occurred Sparta and Athens versus Darious and Xerxes? 39. Persian Wars 40. What contributed to the cause of the Peloponnesian War? 40. competition between Sparta & Athens 41. What resulted from the tensions that arose between the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League? 41. Peloponnesian War 42. What led to the slowing of Greek cultural advances and the weakening of political power? 42. Peloponnesian War 43. Whose culture became the foundation for Western civilization during the Classic Era? 43. Athenian 44. What were the major characteristics of the Golden Age of Pericles during the Hellenic Era? 44. colonies, democracy, Parthenon, coins 45. What term was first used by the Greeks to describe the standard or ideal form? 45. classic 46. Which ruler is noted for extending democracy to include most adult males, rebuilding the Parthenon after the Persian Wars, and supporting the flowering of Greek culture? 46. Pericles 47. What is an appropriate category for Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes? 47. Drama 48. Which Greek is credited with creating the epic stories about the Trojan War in the Iliad and the Odyssey? 48. Homer 49. Herodotus and Thucydides were important Greek 49. Historians 50. Phidias created realistic 50. sculptures 51. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were Greek 51. philosophers 52. Greek mathematics evolved with the work of 52. Euclid and Pythagoras 53. What type of plays dramatized human suffering and often ended in disaster? 53. tragedies 54. What type of plays made fun of people, the government, and customs? 54. comedies 55. Who is known as the Father of History because he sought to record and publish factual information? 55. Herodotus 56. Who is known as the Father of Medicine based on his medical knowledge and code of ethics for doctors? 56. Hippocrates 57. Whose formula is still used today to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle? 57. Pythagoras 58. Who used a questioning dialogue to seek knowledge and examine all aspects of life, and was sentenced to death for his actions and beliefs? 58. Socrates 59. Which Greek philosopher established a school called the Academy, wrote the Republic about an ideal society, and taught Aristotle? 59. Plato 60. Which Greek philosopher tutored Alexander the Great, created the Lyceum, and focused on a logical study of everything? 60 Aristotle 61. Who was the most famous Hellenistic scientist, and he provided the foundation for modern physics? 61. Archimedes 62. Euclid wrote the Elements and was also known as the Father of 62. Geometry 63. “The unexamined life is not worth living” expresses the philosophy of 63. Socrates 64. In Greek architecture what type of form was used to support a building? 64. Column 65. Doric, Ionian, and Corinthian are names of Greek 65. columns 66. Which Greek structure is depicted in the picture? 66. Parthenon 67. What resulted from the weakening of Greek defenses during the Peloponnesian Wars? 67. Macedonian invasion 68. How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for the spread of Greek and Hellenistic culture? 68. blended Greek and Asian cultures through trade 69. Which large empire was conquered by Alexander that allowed his empire to spread to the Indus River? 69. Persia