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Transcript
ExEx6038 September 2009 HFLP 2 pages South Dakota State University / College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences / USDA Soil Testing for South Dakota Vineyards Rhoda Burrows, Extension horticulturalist Ronald Gelderman, SDSU Soil Testing Laboratory manager Not all soils are conducive to growing quality grapes, so prospective vineyard sites should be tested before a decision is made to plant grapes. Tests can identify soils that are either too high in pH, salts, or saline areas for grapes or are “too rich” (too high in organic matter and nitrogen) for grapes. In addition, testing before planting allows for the incorporation of nutrients—such as phosphorous—that do not move easily through the soil to plant roots. Soil Testing Recommendations • Each site should be tested at two depths: 0” to 6–8” and 6–8” to 24”. A soil probe will greatly simplify sampling. Remove surface plant residues before pushing the probe into the soil. • Take 15 to 20 samples from a uniform area, and mix thoroughly. Remove any visible rocks and plant residues. Make notes and label each composite sample carefully so that you can identify where the sample came from when you receive the test results. When you fill out the soil sampling submission sheet, make sure the labels are noted correctly. • Air dry the samples before mailing (do not use heat for drying). Each soil sample should represent a uniform area. If vegetation or slope across a site varies dramatically, sample the different areas separately. Also, take separate samples of areas that have had different cropping history (for example, pastures vs. fields). When looking at larger properties, a good starting point is to use the Web Soil Survey to view soil type maps of your area. Find the survey at http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/ app/, or check with your local NRCS office. We recommend the following soil tests: • pH • organic matter • phosphorous Your local county Extension office can help you • potassium get started with testing. The Extension office will • magnesium have forms and sample bags for the SDSU Soil • soluble salts Testing Laboratory, and many of the offices have • texture class soil probes if you do not have your own probe. 1 Although nitrate nitrogen will change over time, we recommend testing it also, as very high levels can prevent new vines from hardening off properly for winter. If you know that your pH is over 7.3, we suggest you also test zinc levels on low organic matter soils. In addition, check soil drainage by digging a hole 3-feet deep. Then fill the hole with water and wait 72 hours. If water is still present in the hole after that time, the site is not well-drained enough for grapes, which are deep-rooted and not tolerant of “wet feet.” If you are using well or surface water for irrigation, it’s also a good idea to have the water tested for EC and pH. For more information on soil pH adjustment, see “Fertilizing Gardens in South Dakota” (B744) at http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/B744.pdf. South Dakota State University, South Dakota counties, and U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. South Dakota State University is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer and offers all benefits, services, education, and employment opportunities without regard for race, color, creed, religion, national origin, ancestry, citizenship, age, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or Vietnam Era veteran status. EXEX6038 Access at http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx6038.pdf. 2