Download Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis 1. Accessory pigment

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
1. Accessory pigment* – photosynthetic pigment that traps light energy and channels it to chlorophyll
a (the primary pigment)
2. ADP – low-energy molecule that can be converted to ATP
3. Aerobic – process that requires oxygen to occur
4. Anaerobic – process that does not require oxygen to occur
5. ATP – high-energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that cells can use
6. Autotrophs – organism that obtains energy from abiotic sources, such as sunlight or inorganic
chemicals
7. Calvin Cycle – process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple
sugars from CO2
8. Carbohydrates – molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and
starches
9. Carotenoid* – accessory pigment (orange and yellow wavelengths)
10. Cellular Respiration – process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when
oxygen is present
11. Chlorophyll – light-absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms
12. Chloroplast – organelle composed of numerous membranes tat are used to convert solar energy
into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll
13. Cristae* - infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, involved in ATP synthesis
14. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial
membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transferring electrons
15. Glycolysis – anerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate
and two net ATP are produced
16. Heterotrophs – organisms that obtains its energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms
17. Krebs Cycle – process during cellular respiration that breaks down a carbon molecule to produce
molecules that are used in the electron transport chain
18. Light-Dependent Reactions – part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and
transfers energy to the light-independent reactions
19. Light-Independent Reactions – part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the lightdependent reactions to synthesize carbohydrates
20. Matrix* - the material (or tissue) in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are
imbedded, specific part of the mitochondrion that is the site of oxidation of organic molecules
21. Mitochondria – bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes
and DNA
22. Photosynthesis – process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy; produces sugar
and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water
23. Wavelength* - the length of a single wave of electromagnetic radiation (light)
1. Accessory pigment* – photosynthetic pigment that traps light energy and channels it to chlorophyll
a (the primary pigment)
9. Carotenoid* – accessory pigment (orange and yellow wavelengths)
13. Cristae* - infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, involved in ATP synthesis
20. Matrix* - the material (or tissue) in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are
imbedded, specific part of the mitochondrion that is the site of oxidation of organic molecules
23. Wavelength* - the length of a single wave of electromagnetic radiation (light)