Download File - Introduction to Sociology

Review
Marriage involving one wife and several husbands:
P___________________
Marriage involving one husband and several wives:
P___________________
A type of marriage in which the brother of a deceased man is obliged to
marry his brother's widow: L_________ Marriage
A type of marriage in which the sister of a deceased woman is
obligated to marry her sister’s widower: S______ Marriage
This usually involves the simultaneous marriage of a brother-sister pair
from two households: Si______ Ex____ Marriage
Hypergamy Vs. Hypogamy
Endogamy Vs. Exogamy
GUESS THIS THEORIST
-He coined term
“sociology” (socius and
logos)
-He proposed that
society must be studied
using s_______c
me______d but he did
not apply it himself.
SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE PAST
Theological stage
Metaphysical stage
Positivism
Social analysis need to
understand women's
status and issues.
She wrote the first book on
sociological methods.
Impacts of economy, law,
trade, health, and
population on social
problems.
Who
is this theorist?
EARLY THINKERS
– Studied “evolutionary” change in
society
– He coined the concept of “survival of
the fittest” and he called this concept
as S_____l Darwinism.
– Society evolve, change, over time.
– Natural for people to be rich or poor.
EARLY THINKERS
– Behavior must be understood
within larger s_____l context
– Father of Sociology
– How modern society maintain social
cohesion
– Theoretical work on suicide.
– A_____ie- loss of di______on felt in a
society when social control has become
in_____ctive– when people loss their sense
of purpose.
EARLY THINKERS
Who?
– To comprehend behavior, one must
learn s_______e meaning people
attach to actions.
– Social actions or behaviors must be
understood in terms of the
meanings and purposes attached in
them.
– V_______n (f____ir-s____ay-en),
german for understanding)
EARLY THINKERS
Society divided between two
cl_____s
that clash in pursuit of
i______s
Who?
MODERN DEVELOPMENTS
– Black sociologist assisted struggle
for racially egalitarian or free society
– K_______e essential in combating prejudice
– Scientific principles in studying social problems
– Do_____e con_______ss---divided individual’s identity in two
or more social realities, e.g., being black in a white society.
Guess this theorist?
TWENTIETH-CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS
The looking-glass self theory
explains that an individual’s self
identity construction is based on
how ______ view the _______.
C____es C___y
Module 2
█
Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929)
– Used sociological perspective
to examine face-to-face groups
(organizations)
– The looking-glass self ----an
individual’s self identity construction is
based on how others view the
individual.
– Combined intellectual inquiry,
social service work, and political
activism
– Co-founded Hull House
– First American woman to be
awarded a Nobel Prize
J_____e A_____ms
MODERN DEVELOPMENTS
– Combined theory and research
– Proponent of the manifest and latent
functions
– Developed explanation of deviant behavior
R____t Me____n
MAJOR THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
█
Functionalist perspective
█
Conflict perspective
█
Interactionist perspective
FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE
Emphasizes the way parts of a
society are structured to maintain
its stability.
█ Viewed society as vast network of
connected parts (Parsons, 1979)
█ Each helps maintain the system as
a whole
█
Module 3
CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE
█
█
Assumes social behavior best
understood in terms of conflict or
tension between competing groups
The Marxist view: Conflict is part
of everyday life in all societies
– Conflict theorists are interested in how
institutions may help maintain privileges of
some groups and keep others subservient
CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE
█
█
Assumes social behavior best
understood in terms of ________
between competing groups.
Conflict theorists interested in how
institutions may help m _______
privileges of some groups and keep
others subservient.
Module 3
CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE
█
The Feminist view
– Sees inequality in gender as
central to all behavior and organization
– Often allied with conflict theory
– Broadened social behavior by extending
analysis beyond male point of view
Insert video on conflict theory
INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE
Generalizes about everyday
forms of social interaction to
explain society as a whole
█ How people use symbols to establish
meaning
█
INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE
– George Herbert Mead (1863–1931) is
regarded as founder of interactionist
perspective,
– Gestures and social objects have rich
meanings more than the physical.
– Interaction between actor and the
world
– A view of both the actor and the world
– Actor’s ability to interpret the social
world
INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE
█
Tattoos
█
Rituals
█
Objects
█
Dance
█
Music
You are telling someone that they resemble
a similarly shaped part of the human body
and, by extension, that they are
homosexual.
Module 3
INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE
Erving Goffman (1922-1982)
█ People behave as if they are in theater.
(Drama)
█ Attempt of an individual to mask his/her
real persona and instead control other
people’s impression on him/her by
changing his setting, appearance, and
manner.
█
THE _________ APPROACH
█
█
Sociologists need to gain broadest
understanding of society by drawing on
all major perspectives, noting where
they overlap or diverge.
Researcher’s work always guided
by his or her theoretical viewpoint.
Sports






Functionalist Perspective
Sports socialize young people into values such as
competition, camaraderie, and solidarity.
Sports help maintain wellness.
Sports bring members of a community and promote
an overall feeling of unity and solidarity.
Undoukai promotes community participation in
Japan.
Undoukai emphasizes group rather than individual
effort.
Undoukai
Conflict Perspective



Sports are a form of big business in which profits
are more important.
Sports perpetuate the false idea that success can
be achieved simply through hard work, while
failure should be blamed to the individual alone.
In Olympics, poor countries will less likely win.
Interactionists Perspective

Sports facilitate parent-child involvement

It can promote friendship networks

There are different roles (coaches, players, etc.)

Social behavior is affected by norms, values, and
demands of the social world of sports.
Feminist Perspective

Excessive dieting

Gender stratification in sports
SUMMARY

Functionalist perspective– emphasizes the way in
which p___ts of a society are structured to maintain
its _______.

Conflict perspective- assumes that social be____ is
best understood in terms of c______ or t______
between competing groups (men vs. women, young
vs. old, rich vs. poor, white vs. dark)

Interactionist- concerned primarily with fundamental
or everyday forms of interaction, including symbols
and other types of non verbal communication, even
material culture.
Insert
Video
Review
Theorist

Who is the father of Sociology?
Concept
An awareness of the relationship between an individual
and the society both in the present and in the past.
Theory
According to this theory, self identity construction
is based on how others view the individual. What
do you call this theory?
Perspective
Sociologists in this particular perspective
examine gestures and symbols and they
believe that social objects have rich
meanings more than the physical.
Concept
It is the study of social groups, organization, and social
interaction.
Theorist
He was the first black American to obtain a PHD degree
from Harvard University.
Perspective
This sociological perspective espouses the idea that
sociologists need to gain broadest understanding
of society by drawing on all major perspectives,
noting where they overlap or diverge.
Theorist
He developed a theoretical understanding of racial
inequality.
Theorist
He coined the term “sociology.”
Theorist
He popularized the "survival of the fittest” in society.
Concept
One purpose of education is to help students
acquire the skills they need to be successful in
society.

A. Manifest Function

B. Latent Function
Theorist
He is regarded as the founder
of interactionist perspective.
Concept
It is a process of questioning actions and ideas that
are usually taken for granted.
Concept
It is the systematic study of how society is
organized and how we experience life.
Concept
Sociology also examines the
impacts of __________ on people’s
attitude and behavior.
Theorist
According to this theorist, to comprehend
behavior, one must learn subjective
meaning people attach to actions.
Concept
It is a kind of science that deals
with the social features of
humans and the ways they
interact and change.
Perspective
A sociological perspective that
also focuses on one-on-one, faceto-face interaction.
Concept
Sociologists are interested in seeing the strange in
the ________?
Theorist
Proponent of the manifest and latent functions and sociology
of deviance.
PERSPECTIVE
This sociological perspective assumes that social
behavior best understood in terms of tension or
conflict between competing groups.
Perspective
A sociological perspective that
viewed society as vast network
of connected parts.
Theorist
He maintained that capital sustains individuals and
families from one generation to the next.
Theorist
Society is divided between two classes
that clash in pursuit of interests.
Concept
These are social structures or mechanism that
promote social order and cooperation influencing
group behavior.