Download Civil War Conclusions, Effects and Reconstruction

 Months of service away from home
 Inadequate food and shelter
 Frequently ate “hardtack”
 Coffee was the most valuable supply
 Disease and unsanitary conditions
 More men died of disease than in battle
 Many days spent marching with equipment
 Boredom
 Sheer terror fighting on the battlefield
 Fully blockade all the coasts and cut off the
South from all supplies.
 Control the Mississippi River and separate
confederate states.
 Capture the capital city of Richmond Virginia.
 Destroy civilian morale by capturing and
destroying the cities of Atlanta and Savannah.
 The North will use it’s advantage in numbers of
troops to fight the South everywhere and break
the spirits of the Confederacy.
 Actually applied only to the Southern states that
were in rebellion.
 The Union victory at Antietam provided the
timing for Lincoln to issue the Proclamation.
 Changed the focus of the war from preserving
the Union to fighting to get rid of the institution of
slavery.
 Prevented foreign intervention from Britain and
France.
 Paved the way for total abolition of slavery.
 First military unit to be raised during the Civil
War consisting of all black soldiers.
 After the Emancipation Proclamation was issued
in 1862, many freed black men signed up to
fight.
 Massachusetts was the first state to put together
an all black regiment.
 Controversy in that many people wondered if
black men could and should fight a “white man’s
war”.
 Controversy continued with the idea of having
black officers lead the troops.
 Manassas Virginia
 July 21st, 1861
 1st official battle of the Civil War, fought just a few
miles from Washington DC.
 People had a picnic and gathered to watch what they
assumed would be the only battle of the Civil War.
 General McDowell vs. Generals Johnston and
Beauregard
 Confederate victory
 Sharpsburg, Maryland
 September 16-18, 1862
 September 17th is the single bloodiest day in
American military history
 General McClellan vs. General Lee
 Inconclusive victory
 Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee
 April 6-7, 1862
 Attack on the Union on a piece of land along
the Tennessee River
 Generals Buell and Grant vs. Generals
Johnston and Beauregard
 Union victory
 Virginia
 December 11-15, 1862
 Largest and deadliest of the Civil War, over
200,000 people fought.
 General Burnside vs. General Lee
 Confederate Victory
 Mississippi
 May 18th-July 4th 1863
 Battle to control a strategic location along the
Mississippi River
 General Grant vs. General Pemberton
 Union victory
 Pennsylvania
 July 1-3, 1863
 General Lee’s second attempt to invade the
North will fail and is considered to be a true
turning point in the war.
 The North defends against Pickett’s Charge
to claim victory
 General Meade vs. General Lee
 Given by President Lincoln on November 19,
1863 to dedicate the Soldier’s Cemetery at
the Gettysburg battle site.
 Lincoln spoke for just over 2 minutes and
gave one of his most famous speeches in
272 words.
 “Four score and seven years ago……”
 Georgia
 November 15-December 21, 1864
 Following the siege and victory in Atlanta,
General Sherman marched his troops across
Georgia to capture the city and port of Savannah
 Changed military tactics by operating deep
within enemy territory
 Often criticized for burning and pillaging
Southern land
 Appomattox County, Virginia
 April 9, 1865
 General Lee found his troops to be completely
surrounded and decided to surrender the army
of Northern Virginia.
 Fighting still continued after this and no official
document would ever be signed to end the war.
 Confederate soldiers were allowed to return
home and Union soldiers were not allowed to
outwardly celebrate their victory.
 On April 15th, 1865 at Ford’s Theater in
Washington DC while watching “Our
American Cousin”
 By John Wilkes Booth-an actor and Southern
sympathizer.
 Only 5 days after Lee’s surrender at
Appomattox Courthouse
 Lincoln is carried across the street and dies
during the night from gun shot wounds.
 Designed by Lincoln to bring the South back to the Union to as
normal as possible.
 Lincoln would issue a pardon to any Southern state that would
swear an oath to the Constitution and the Union
 Lincoln dies and Vice President Andrew Johnson takes control of
Reconstruction Plans.
 Constitutional Reconstruction:
 1863-1869
 Radical Reconstruction:
 1869-1877
 Controlled by the Radical Republicans
 Believed in the equality of Freedmen and wanted to punish the
Confederacy
 Formed to protect the newly freed blacks in the
South after the Civil War.
 The Southern states were divided into 10
districts in which military occupation would occur
and the Bureau would work within these districts
to distribute aid.
 “40 acres and a mule”
 In many cases, the Bureau worked as a political
machine and as a way to organize the new black
voters to vote for Republicans.
 Granted basic rights to newly freed blacks
(the right to marry, own property)
 Allowed for the segregation of public facilities
 Placed incredible restrictions on the
freedman’s status as a laborer
 This would also allow an organization such
as the KKK to rise and become powerful
 13th Amendment: Abolishes the institution of
slavery.
 14th Amendment: Grants citizenship to newly
freed slaves.
 15th Amendment: Prohibits the denial of
suffrage based on race, color or previous
condition of servitude.
 Approximately 2.5 million troops on both
sides fought in the war
 620,000 men died during the war
 375,000 soldiers were wounded
 Overall, the war cost $8 billion.
 $6 billion was spent by the North
 Approx. $2.5 million was spent each day
during the war.
 Southern economy is destroyed-many
Southerners live in poverty.
 Most African Americans still live in poverty,
although the Constitution is changed to
provide equality.
 Northern carpetbaggers “help” rebuild the
South
 Violence and racism continues-rise of the
KKK.