Download The United States Civil War

United States Civil War
Election of 1860




Abraham Lincoln – Republican
Stephen Douglas – Democrats
John Breckinridge – Southerners
John Bell – Constitutional Union
Party
The Confederate States of America

South Carolina declared on
December 20, 1860 “the Union
now subsisting between South
Carolina and the other states…is
hereby dissolved.”
Other states secede
By February, 1861 Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and
Texas had withdrawn from the Union.
Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was chosen
as President
Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia was
chosen as Vice President
President Buchanan


Stated that neither he nor Congress
had the power to stop a state from
seceding
Did nothing as the secessionist states
seized federal property to include
military arsenals, post offices and
the New Orleans Mint
Lincoln as President


Inaugural address – stated that he would not
stop slavery where it existed, only prevent it
from expanding
The “Union of these States is perpetual” –
federal property would continue to be
controlled by the federal government
Terms


Legal Tender Act – passed by Congress in
1862 to create a national currency and allow
the government to issue paper money
Attrition – wearing down one side through
exhaustion & lack of resources
Terms




1. Greenbacks – paper money
2. Copperheads – Northerners who agreed
with the Southern point of view; also known
as Peace Democrats
3. Conscription – military draft
4. Habeas corpus – the right to be free unless
charged with a crime and given a trial date



5. Attrition – wearing down the enemies
resources and people
6. Anaconda Plan – General Winfield Scott’s
strategy to defeat the South by blockading
major ports and controlling the Mississippi
7. Bounty –money given to soldiers of North
who promise 3 years of military service



8. Blockade Runner – small, fast vessels the
South used to smuggle goods past the Union
blockade
9. Emancipation Proclamation – a decree
freeing all enslaved persons in states still in
rebellion after January 1, 1863
10. Liberation – to be set free





11. Hardtack – a type of biscuit
12. Prisoners of war – soldiers captured
during battle
13. Foraging – to search or steal
14. Siege – to cut off food and supplies and
bombard a city until its defenders give up
15. Intercept – to get in between, prevent





16. Torpedo – underwater missle
17. Insatiable – unable to be satisfied
18. Mandate – a command
19. Trent Affair – a ship carrying two Confederate
diplomats was intercepted by a Union warship- U.S.
eventually freed the men
20. Peace Democrats – opposed the war and wanted
to negotiate (not fight) to restore the Union
People






Robert E. Lee – general for the Confederacy
Ulysses S. Grant – general for the Union
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson – C
George McClellan – U
William Sherman – U
Matthew Brady - Photographer
Women in Civil War




Medicine – Clara Barton
Scouts – Harriet Tubman
Spying – Rose O’Neal
Abolitionists – Harriet Beecher Stowe
African Americans in the War


Around 200,000 fought for the Union
Frederick Douglass
Prisons





Andersonville, Georgia
– Confederate
POW camps: 20
POWs: 194,793
Died in prison: 30,218
Death Rate: 15.5%





Elmira, New York –
Union
POW camps: 14
POWs: 214,865
Died in prison: 25,796
Death Rate: 12%
Fort Sumter




Charleston, SC – first battle as Lincoln tries to send
supplies to rearm, Confederates attack and after 33
hours of fighting, U.S. Army Major Robert Anderson
surrenders the fort.
Lincoln declares martial law in Maryland to ensure
the capital is not surrounded by Confederate states.
April 12, 1861
Confederate Victory
1st Battle of Bull Run



Manassas, Virginia
July 21, 1861
Confederate Victory
Shiloh




Shiloh, Virgina
April 6 & 7, 1862
Union Victory
Ulysses S. Grant
New Orleans (Mississippi River)





New Orleans, Mississippi
April 24, 1862
Union victory
Under Flag Officer Farragut’s leadership
4/25, the Confederacy’s largest and wealthiest
city surrenders
Seven Pines




Virginia
May 31, 1862
No victor
Numerous casualties
2nd Battle of Bull Run



Manassas, Virginia
August 29-30, 1862
Confederate victory with General Robert E.
Lee
Antietam




Sharpsburg, Maryland
September 17, 1862
No victor (draw)
The wars bloodiest day, Union casualties
12,410 Confederate Casualties 13,724
Fredericksburg




Fredericksburg, Virginia
December 11-13, 1862
Confederate victory
General Lee defeats Union General
Burnside’s larger army
Pea Ridge



Elkhorn Tavern, Arkansas
March 7-8, 1862
Union victory
Chancellorsville




Virginia
May 1-5, 1863
Major Confederate victory and brilliant
military strategy for General Lee
Refer to map on p.383
Gettysburg





Pennsylvania
July 1-3, 1863
Union victory by General Meade over
General Lee
Refer to pg. 385
Turning point in war in the East
Vicksburg




Vicksburg, Mississippi
July 4, 1863 Vicksburg surrenders after a long
siege by General Grant of the Union forces
Refer to pgs. 388-389
Victory divided Confederacy into two
The Battle of the Wilderness &
Spotsylvania




Virginia
May 5-19, 1864
Numerous battles between Union General
Grant and Confederate General Lee
Draw
Cold Harbor



Virginia
June, 1864
Confederate victory
Atlanta



Peachtree Creek, Georgia
July 20, 1864
Union Victory as General Sherman begins his
March to the Sea
Sherman’s March to the Sea




60,000 troops
50-60 miles wide
300 miles to Savanna, GA
Sherman’s hairpins
Appomattox Court House



Virginia
April 9, 1865
General Lee surrenders army to General Grant
The Naval War

Battle of the Ironsides




Monitor - Union
Merrimack - Confederate
Torpedo, blockade & blockade runner
Trent Affair (11/8/1861)– Union seizes two
Confederate commissioners heading to
England on the British ship Trent initiating
diplomatic relations.



21. Reconstruction – the rebuilding of the
South after the Civil War
22. Amnesty – a pardon
23. Freedman – a person freed from slavery




24. Black codes – laws written to limit rights
of newly freed slaves
25. Civil Rights Act of 1866
26. Impeach – to charge an official of a crime
27. Pocket Veto- presidents ability to let a
term expire without voting issue
13th – A bolish slavery
 14th – Former slaves B ecome
citizens
 15th – Former slaves Can vote

1. Fort Sumter
2.Copperhead
5. Bull Run
6.
Gettysburg
7.
10.
Sharecropper
11. Tenant farmer
12. Seige
13.Attrition
14.
Conscription
15. Reconstruction
16. Robert Lee
17. Ulysses Grant
18.
Carpetbaggers
19.
Scalawags
20. Pocket Veto
22.
Amnesty
23.
Forage
24.
9.
21.
Impeach
Greenback
3. Habeas corpus
Vicksburg
4.
Bounty
8. Blockade runner
Graft
1. 13th
Amendment
2. 14th
Amendment
3. 15th
Amendment
4. Battle of Bull
Run
5. 54th Regiment
Massachusetts
6. Freedman’s
Bureau
7. Abraham
Lincoln
8. Wade-Davis
Bill
9. Anaconda Plan 10. Torpedo
11. Ironclads
12. Popular
sovereingty
13. Blockade
14. Hayes
15. Antietam
16. Johnson
17. Chickamauga
18.
Chancellorsville
19. Appomatox
Courthouse
20.
21. March to Sea
22. Atlanta
23. Black Codes
24. Grant
Greenback