Download Caesar appointed dictator in 46 BCE.

ROMAN EMPIRE
JULIUS CAESAR
1.Celebrated Roman general and statesman.
2.Formed triumvirate with Crassus & Pompey
3. After 1 year, Caesar left to conquer Gaul.
Triumvirate ruled for 10 years.
4.Senate ordered Caesar’s resignation
5. Caesar marched to and crossed the Rubicon River,
starting a civil war.
6. Caesar took Rome and chased Pompey across
Mediterranean.
7. Pompey was killed in Alexandria by Pharaoh
Ptolemy XIII (Cleopatra’s husband/brother).
8. Caesar appointed dictator in 46 BCE.
THE DEATH OF JULIUS CAESAR
1. Caesar was launching a series
of political and social reforms
2. He was assassinated by a
group of senators on his way
to Pompey’s Theater (where
the Senate convened)
3. Caesar’s grandnephew
Octavian would become ruler
and create the Roman Empire
PAX ROMANA
1.
Period of peace and prosperity.
2.
Trade flourished
3.
The Colosseum and Circus
Maximus was constructed.
4.
Built a series of stone water
channels called aqueducts.
5.
Traded with places as distant as
China and Britain.
GLADIATORS
1. Fought against each other, wild animals, and condemned
criminals, sometimes to the death, for the entertainment of
spectators.
2. These fights took place in arenas in many cities from the
Roman Republic period through the Roman Empire.
BEGINNINGS OF CHRISTIANITY
1. Jesus of Nazareth began a traveling ministry at age 30
2. The ministry was very attractive to the poor
3. The Popularity of Jesus’ ministry threatened Roman and
Jewish leaders
a. Apostles – Jesus’ 12 disciples or students
4. Pax Romana made spread of Christianity easy
a. Apostle Paul traveled around the empire on Roman roads
JEWISH REBELLIONS
1. 66 CE band of Jews rebelled against Rome
2. Rome stormed Jerusalem, burned the temple mount
3. 132 CE Jews rebelled again Rome forced Jews to leave Judea:
Diaspora
CHRISTIANITY
1.Refused to :
a. worship Roman gods
b. honor emperor as a god
c. perform military service
ROME RESPONDS
1. Christians persecuted
2. Thousands were crucified, burned, or killed by wild
animals
EMPEROR CONSTANTINE
1. Ended persecution of Christians
2. Declared Christianity one of the approved
religions
DECLINE AND FALL OF ROME
1. 3rd Century CE hostile outside tribes and pirates
began to disrupt trade
2. Lacked new sources of gold and silver
3. Raised taxes, minted coins with less silver, suffered
from inflation
4. Serious food shortages and spread of disease
REFORM ATTEMPTS
1. Diocletian splits the
empire into 2 parts
2. Constantine reunites the
empire, moves capital to
Byzantium (renamed
Constantinople)
3. After Constantine empire
split in two again
ROMAN DECLINE
1. Constantine moved the capital to the city of
Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople.
2. After the death of Theodosius, (last Roman
Emperor) the eastern part of the Roman
Empire became known as the Byzantine
Empire.
3. Barbarian invasions by the Visigoths, Huns
and Vandals led to the fall of Rome in 455
CE.
WESTERN EMPIRE FALLS
1.worsening internal problems
2.Separation from wealthier Eastern Empire
3.Germanic invaders/the Huns
Eastern Empire (called the Byzantine Empire) flourishes
until 1453 CE, when it fell to the Ottomans.