Download 8th Grade Sixth Six Weeks Vocabulary

8th Grade Sixth Six Weeks Vocabulary
TERM
IPC 6D
Chemical Bonds
Classification
Ionic Bonding
Ions
Periodic Table
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
IPC 6E
Solvent
Solution
Solute
Solubility
Concentration
Cohesion
Adhesion
Polar
Temperature
Pressure
pH
IPC 7C
Law of Conservation of
Mass
Balanced Equation
Coefficient
Subscript
Mass
Compound
DEFINITION
Any of several forces, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond,
by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal.
The action or process of arranging something according to shared qualities or
characteristics.
A chemical bond between two ions with opposite charges, characteristic of salts.
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or
more electrons.
A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number (number of
protons), usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence
similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns
Any characteristic of a material, such as size or shape, that you can observe or
attempt to observe without changing the identity of the material.
Any characteristic of a substance, such as flammability, that indicates whether it
can undergo a certain chemical change.
A substance, ordinarily a liquid, in which other materials dissolve to form a solution
In chemistry, a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in relative
amounts that can vary continuously up to the limit of solubility (saturation)
A dissolved substance; especially : a component of a solution present in smaller
amount than the solvent
The amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent.
The relative content of a component (as dissolved or dispersed material) of a
solution, mixture, or dispersion that may be expressed in percentage by weight or
by volume, in parts per million, or in grams per liter
the force that holds molecules of a single material together
the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact
with each other ex. water molecules clinging to a glass tube
when a molecule has uneven charge distribution ex. water
Temperature is a measure of the average energy of the molecules of a body,
whereas heat is a measure of the total amount of thermal energy in a body.
The application of force to something by something else in direct contact with it :
(compression)
A measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution that is a number on a scale on
which a value of 7 represents neutrality and lower numbers indicate increasing
acidity and higher numbers increasing alkalinity and on which each unit of change
represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity
A fundamental principle of l physics that states matter cannot be created or
destroyed in an isolated system
An equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element
in the reaction and the total charge are the same for both the reactants and the
products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of
the reaction.
A coefficient is a number placed in front of a term in a chemical equation to indicate
how many molecules (or atoms) take part in the reaction.
Subscripts are used in formulas to indicate the relative numbers of atoms of each
type in the compound, but only if more than one atom of a given element is there.
The formula for water, H2O, tells us that each molecule contains two atoms of
hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, or that there are two atoms of Hydrogen, and
one atom of Oxygen.
The amount of matter that makes up something.
A compound is a chemical species that is formed when two or more atoms join
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8th Grade Sixth Six Weeks Vocabulary
TERM
Reaction
Reactants
Products
Energy
DEFINITION
together chemically, with covalent or ionic bonds.
Interaction of two or more chemicals that produces one or more new chemical
compounds, or alters the properties of the mixed chemicals. Most reactions require
heat, pressure, radiation, other conditions, and/or the presence of accelerators
(catalysts).
A substance participating in a chemical reaction.
A product is a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction.
Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work. Energy exists in
several forms such as heat, kinetic or mechanical energy, light, potential energy,
electrical, or other forms.
Biology 9A
Biomolecule
Carbohydrate
organic molecules such as carbohydrates, fats (lipids), proteins, and nucleic acids
(DNA and RNA); molecules that make up living things
any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that
provides nutrients to the cells of living things
(Hint: say CHO) Example: C6H12O6 = glucose
a simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate (mono means one)
monosaccharide
Example: glucose, fructose, galactose C6H12O6
disaccharide
a carbohydrate made of two sugar units (two monosaccharides joined together)
with the elimination of one water to form the bond of the carbohydrate
Example: sucrose, lactose, maltose C12H22O11
a carbohydrate made of many sugar units bonded together (poly means many)
polysaccharide
Lipid
Protein
Amino Acid
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
DNA
RNA
Macromolecule
Example: starch
Starch is found in potatoes, rice, and corn and turns black in the presence of the
indicator iodine.
a type of organic molecule that does not dissolve in water (nonpolar), including fats
and steroids; store energy and make up cell membranes
Teacher Information: Teach chains of fatty acids plus glycerol = lipids.
an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is
a principal component of all cells
Teacher Information: Teach chains of a.a. = protein.
any one of twenty different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino
group and that combine to form proteins
an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or
two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information
in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of three things: a sugar, a phosphate,
and a nitrogenous base
deoxyribonucleic acid; the material that contains the information that determines
inherited characteristics
ribonucleic acid; a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a
role in protein synthesis
A macromolecule is a molecule with a very large number of atoms. Macromolecules
typically have more than 100 component atoms
Biology 9B
Reactants
Products
A substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially one present at the start
of the reaction.
The compounds that are formed when a reaction goes to completion.
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8th Grade Sixth Six Weeks Vocabulary
TERM
Photosynthesis
Glucose
Cellular Respiration
Adenosine Triphosphate
(ATP)
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
DEFINITION
The process by which green plants, algae, diatoms, and certain forms of bacteria
make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll,
using energy captured from sunlight by chlorophyll, and releasing excess oxygen as
a byproduct.
A monosaccharide sugar, C6H12O6, occurring widely in most plant and animal
tissue. It is the principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source
of the body.
The process of cell catabolism in which cells turn food into usable energy in the
form of ATP. In this process glucose is broken down in the presence of molecular
oxygen into six molecules of carbon dioxide, and much of the energy released is
preserved by turning ADP and free phosphate into ATP
adenosine triphosphate; an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source
for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate
groups (as opposed to adenosine di-phosphate = two phosphate groups)
The organelle that contains chlorophyll which is necessary for photosynthesis to
occur
Organelle where energy is produced during cellular respiration; the power house
of the cell
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