Download Midterm Exam Guidelines Sheet- Biology II 2015 Introduction List

Midterm Exam Guidelines Sheet- Biology II 2015
Introduction
List the steps of the scientific method
Differentiate between valid and invalid experimental designs
Define a control, variable, and scientific theory
Define Anatomy and Physiology
Describe the levels of organization inside a living organism
Identify and describe the characteristics of life
Define and describe the requirements for life
Define the 14 different medical directional terms
Identify the 3 major divisions of the body
Define the different subdivisions of anatomy and physiology
Macromolecules
Explain the function of Carbohydrates in the body
Describe the basic structure of a monosaccharide (glucose), including hydroxides and carbon groups
Give examples of monosaccharide
Describe and give examples of polysaccharides
Describe how carbohydrates connect together to form complex carbohydrates
Explain the function of lipids in the body
Identify the major parts of a fatty acid, triglyceride, phospholipids, and steroids
Describe the roles of fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols
Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fats
Construct the basic structure of an amino acid
Describe how amino acids connect together to form polypeptides
Identify and describe the 2 secondary shapes of polypeptide chains
Describe the major types of proteins found in the body
Explain the differences between DNA and RNA
Describe and identify the major regions (and bonds) in the DNA molecule
Be able to use and understand the basics of the periodic table
Cells
Identify cellular structures and their function, including
ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER, golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, cristae, nucleus, nuclear membrane, and nuclear pores,
plasma membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, vesicles, centrioles, vacuoles, lysosomes, cytoskeleton
Differentiate between plant and animal cell organelles
Categorize the organization of cells, tissues, organs, and systems
Describe the plasma membrane, its structure, and be able to explain how its structure affects its function
Describe the roles of carbs, cholesterol, and proteins on the membrane
Describe how molecules are transported through the plasma membrane
Define hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions.
Be able to describe the process of endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, active transport, and diffusion.
Tissues
Describe the basic function and characteristics of epithelial tissue
Identify and describe the types and shapes of epithelial tissue
Identify the locations of the 7 basic types of epithelial tissue
Compare and contrast endocrine and exocrine glands
Describe the basic function(s) of serous and mucous membranes
Describe the basic elements of all connective tissue; differentiate between collagen, elastin, and fibroblasts
Explain the role(s) of collagen, elastin, and fibroblasts in connective tissue
Compare the structure, function, and location of dense regular, dense irregular, and loose connective tissue
Define the role (and structure) of cartilage in the body
Compare and contrast the 3 different types of cartilage in the body
Describe the 3 types of muscle in the body
Define the following words: tendon, ligament, basement membrane, free surface, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes, actin,
myosin, striations, lacunae
Skin
Describe the functions of skin
Describe the 2 different layers of skin. Know the structure of each layer of skin and type(s) of tissue in each layer
Describe the structure and function of a hair follicle
Describe the role and location of melanin in the body
Locate and describe the function of merocrine glands in the body
Locate and describe the function of sebaceous glands in the body
Locate and describe the function of apocrine glands in the body
Describe the processes by which the skin helps to regulate our body temperature
Define the following words: integument, keratin, melanin, melanocytes, epidermis, dermis, glands, merocrine,
sebaceous, apocrine, arrector pili muscles
Locate the following structures on a skin diagram: sebaceous gland, epidermis, dermis, sweat gland, hair follicle,
touch receptor, arrector pili muscle, subcutaneous layer
Bones
Describe the 5 functions of bone
Differentiate between the structure of compact and spongy bone
Describe the growth and development of bone; both in infancy and as an adult
Identify, number, and locate the bones vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx)
Identify, number, and locate the bones of the cranium, including the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and
ethmoid bones
Locate the bones of the pelvic girdle, including the coxal, sacrum, coccyx, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and
phalanges
Identify, number, and locate the bones of the pectoral girdle, including the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals,
metacarpals, and phalanges
Describe the function and structure of joints
Explain the dynamics of achondroplasia, arthritis, and fractures