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Name:______________________
Genetics
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Section 1: Medel Genetics
Genetics: ________________________________________________________________
Heredity:________________________________________________________________
Remember →
THEN
Chromosome ______________________________________________________________
Trait (Gene) ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Allele
______________________________________________________________
Example:_______________________________________________________
● Chromatids occur in __________ therefore, genes also occur in _____________
NAME
Dominant
DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION
D
2
Recessive
d
Phenotype
Genotypes
DD, Dd, dd
Homozygous
DD, dd
Heterozygous
Dd
_____________
_____________
P1
_____________
F1
____ Laws to follow with genetics
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_________________________________
occurs when ___________ separate from each other during __________, so ___ gene
can go to each cell
• during _________________, ___ gene from the dad and ___ of the same type from
the mom come together
2.______________________________________
• _____________ randomly distribute themselves during __________ formation
• each time a ______________ is formed, there is an ______________ chance for each
___________ to occur
*gamete= ___________________
1.
•
Wildcats Share
Looking at the following pairs of genes, determine what the genotype and phenotype for each
would be. (Given: Red is dominant over white)
1.
2.
Genotype = ___________
Phenotype = ___________
3.
Genotype = ___________
Phenotype = ___________
4.
Genotype = ___________
Phenotype = ___________
Genotype = ___________
Phenotype = ___________
Using the key below, determine the missing genotypes and phenotypes.
R = red flowers
T = tall plants
r = white flowers
t = short plants
A.
B.
C.
D.
TT
rr
Rr
Tt
______________
______________
______________
______________
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A. Tall plants
_______________________
B. Short plants
_______________________
C. Red flowers
_______________________
D. White
_______________________
Section 2: Double Traits
In peas the following information is given:
R = smooth
r = wrinkled
G = green
g = yellow
Based on the given, what would the phenotypes of the following be?
● RRGg = ___________________
* rrGg = ________________
● RRgg = ___________________
* rrGG = ________________
● Rrgg = ___________________
* RrGg = ________________
● rrgg = ___________________
* RRGG = ________________
Based on the given, what could the genotypes of the following be?
● Wrinkled green seeds = _____________________
● wrinkled, yellow seeds = _____________________
● smooth, green seeds = ________________________
● smooth, yellow seeds = ________________________
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Using what we know about punnett squares and single trait crosses, let’s solve the following
together…
1. A cross between a wrinkled yellow seed and a heterozygous smooth green seed
Key:
Punnett Square:
P1 Genotypes:
P1 Phenotypes:
F1 Genotypes:
F1 Phenotypes:
2. A cross between two heterozygous smooth, green seeds
Key:
Punnett Square:
P1 Genotypes:
X
P1 Phenotypes:
F1 Genotypes:
F1 Phenotypes:
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Section 3: Sex-linked
Remember:
● Each human cell has _______ chromosomes
o chromosomes occur in ________
o … therefore there are _____ pairs of chromosomes in each human cell
● The sex chromosome is _______. It determines the sex of the individual → meaning it determines if the
individual is ________ or _______.
● Males and females have different genotypes:
o The genotype for females is _____ ______
o The genotype for males is _____ _____
● Using this information…
P1: XY x XX
Gametes: ___________
We can see that there is ______% chance for the baby to be a girl and a _____%
chance for the baby to be a boy.
● From this information which parent do you think determines the sex of the baby?
_________
● Females have a ______ genotype, therefore they have _____ gene (trait) on each X
chromosome which give them a _______ of genes (traits)
● Males on the other hand have a ______ genotype, and therefore only have _____ gene
(trait) on the X chromosome and ______ genes (traits) on the Y chromosome
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
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Examples:
N = Normal Vision
n = Colorblind
Give the phenotype of the following: (remember when doing phenotypes of sex – linked
characteristics you have to include whether it is male or female)
A. XNXN
___________________
B. XNY
___________________
C. XnXn
___________________
D. XNXn
___________________
E. XnY
___________________
Give the genotype for each of the following:
A. Color Blind Female
_________________
B. Homozygous normal vision female
_________________
C. Heterozygous normal vision female
_________________
D. Color blind male
_________________
E. Normal vision male
_________________
When identifying the phenotype of the male sex, why is it that you do not have to state
homozygous or heterozygous in the description????
_______________________________________________________________________
Wildcats Share
Practicing Sex – Linked Traits:
1. A heterozygous female marries a color blind male
Key:
P1 Genotypes: ________ X _________
F1:
% of having a child which is normal _____
% of having a child who is colorblind _____
% of the F1 generation that are:
normal vision males:
_____
Color blind males:
_____
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Normal vision females
Color blind females
_____
_____
2. A homozygous normal female marries a color-blind male.
Key:
P1 Genotypes: ________ X _________
F1:
% of having a child which is normal _____
% of having a child who is colorblind _____
% of the F1 generation that are:
normal vision males:
_____
Color blind males:
_____
Normal vision females
_____
Color blind females
_____
3. A color-blind female marries a normal vision male.
Key:
P1 Genotypes: ________ X _________
F1:
% of having a child which is normal _____
% of having a child who is colorblind _____
% of the F1 generation that are:
normal vision males:
_____
Color blind males:
_____
Normal vision females
_____
Color blind females
_____
1. From which parent does the male child receive the sex-linked trait?
_______________________________________________________
2. Is it possible to have a heterozygous male? Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
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3. Why is it more likely to have a color-blind male than a color-blind female?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Section 4: Incomplete/ Co-dominance
Incomplete Dominance:_________________________
● neither trait is __________ the other, therefore- a ____________ results
Example =____________________________________________________________
Co- Dominance: _________________________
● neither trait is __________ the other, therefore- a ______________ show through
Example=Black feather chicken + white feather chicken=___________________________
Rules for Incomplete/Co problems:
1. ____________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________
Keys:
Incomplete:
Flowers:
Co-Dominance:
Cattle:
Red = _____
Blue = ______
Purple = _____
Red = _____
White = _____
Roan = ______
Wildcats Share
Incomplete Practice Problems:
1. Red flower crossed with a blue flower
Key:
P1 Phenotype: ________ X _______
P1 Genotype: ________ X _______
F1: Genotype % and Phenotype %
R R _______
Red
_______
R’ R’ _______
Blue
_______
R R’ _______
Purple _______
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2. Red flower crossed with a purple flower:
Key:
P1 Phenotype: ________ X _______
P1 Genotype: ________ X _______
F1: Genotype % and Phenotype %
R R _______
Red
_______
R’ R’ _______
R R’ _______
Blue
_______
Purple _______
How would the F1 ratios change if we crossed a blue and a purple flower?
3. Purple flower crossed with a purple flower:
Key:
P1 Phenotype: ________ X _______
P1 Genotype: ________ X _______
F1: Genotype % and Phenotype %
R R _______
Red
_______
R’ R’ _______
Blue
_______
R R’ _______
Purple _______
Wildcats Share
Co-Dominance Practice Problems:
4. Red bull crossed with a white cow:
Key:
P1 Phenotype: ________ X _______
P1 Genotype: ________ X _______
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F1: Genotype % and Phenotype %
R R _______ Red
_______
R’ R’ _______
White _______
R R’ _______
Roan
_______
5. White bull crossed with a roan cow
Key:
P1 Phenotype: ________ X _______
P1 Genotype: ________ X _______
F1: Genotype % and Phenotype %
R R _______
Red
_______
R’ R’ _______
White
_______
R R’ _______
Roan
_______
6. Roan bull crossed with a roan cow:
Key:
P1 Phenotype: ________ X _______
P1 Genotype: ________ X _______
F1: Genotype % and Phenotype %
R R _______
Red
_______
R’ R’ _______
White _______
R R’ _______
Roan
_______
7. What parents would have to be mated to get ALL roan offspring?
P1 Phenotype ________ X ________
P1 Genotype ________ X ________
8.
When the same parents were mated over several years, only red and roan calves were
ever produced. Give the probable genotypes of the parents,
P1 ________ X ________
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Section 5: Blood Typing
● Blood typing combine the theories of ___________ and ___________.
●
Because there are ______________ genes (traits) present. But it differs in the fact
that two genes (traits) are considered to be _____________ and one gene (trait) is
considered to be ____________ to the other two.
● Therefore, ABO blood typing is called ___________________.
Let’s get started!!!
Blood Type Chart:
Phenotype
Genotype
Genotype
What are the co-dominant blood types? ________ and __________
What is the recessive blood type? ___________
1. If a person with type O blood marries a person with type AB blood, what types of blood
can their children have?
P1 _______ X ________
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F1 Genotypes (%)
AA _____
BB _____
AO _____
BO _____
AB _____
OO _____
F1 Phenotypes (%)
A _____
B _____
AB _____
O _____
Wildcats Share
2. If a person with type A blood marries a person with type B blood, could they have a child
with type O blood?
P1 _______ X ________
F1 Genotypes (%)
AA _____
BB _____
AO _____
BO _____
AB _____
OO _____
F1 Phenotypes (%)
A _____
B _____
AB _____
O _____
3. Jack is married to Jane and Jim is married to Julie. Both couples have little baby girls.
Jack’s blood type O and Jane’s is AB. While Jim’s blood type is heterozygous A and
Julie’s is O. Baby Jamie has type O blood and baby Jill has type B. Which baby belongs
to which set of parents?
P1 _______ X ________
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(Jack)
(Jane)
F1 Genotypes (%)
AA _____
BB _____
AO _____
BO _____
AB _____
OO _____
F1 Phenotypes (%)
A _____
B _____
AB _____
O _____
P1 _______ X ________
(Jim)
(Julie)
F1 Genotypes (%)
AA _____
BB _____
AO _____
BO _____
AB _____
OO _____
F1 Phenotypes (%)
A _____
B _____
AB _____
O _____
The blood type of parents is often used as evidence in paternity cases. Given below are the
blood types of mothers and their children who are involved in a paternity suit. Your job, as an
expert for the defense, is to determine all possible blood types for the father and to
determine the blood type (s) that would prove the man NOT to be the father, in turn freeing
him of any financial responsibility.
1. Mother is type A and the child is type B
Mother’s Genotype
Child’s Genotype
What gene had to
come from dad
Which genotypes have
this possible gene?
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Which blood type(s) proves the man is not the father? ______________
Wildcats Share
2. Mother is type B and the child is type AB:
Mother’s Genotype
Child’s Genotype
What gene had to
come from dad
Which genotypes have
this possible gene?
Which blood type(s) proves the man is not the father? ______________
3. Mother is type B and the child is type O:
Mother’s Genotype
Child’s Genotype
What gene had to
come from dad
Which genotypes have
this possible gene?
Which blood type(s) proves the man is not the father? ______________
Section 6: Pedigree
Pedigree ___________________________________________
Rules to follow:
Symbols:
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Pedigree Practice problem:
Wendy called many of her relatives and asked about the trait of tongue rolling. She recorded
the following results.
Wendy’s Mom’s Side:
Aunt Betty
Roller
Uncle Bob
Non –roller
Grandma Mary
Roller
Grandpa Mark
roller
Betty’s ex-husband Berry ???
Betty’s daughter: Bea
Non-roller
Wendy’s mom Barbara
non-roller
Wendy’s Father’s Side:
Father Rob
roller
Uncle Frank
roller
Frank’s wife – Fran
non-roller
Frank Jr.
non-roller
Frank Jr.’s ex –wife Stacy???
Frank III
roller
Grandpa Joe
non-roller
Grandma Jan
???
Great Grandma Ann
roller
Great Grandpa Steve
roller
*** Wendy can roll her tongue; her brother William is a non-roller
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Name:______________________________
Hr.:_____________
Unit 7: Genetics Vocab
Instructions: Define the following terms below.
Term
1. Genetics
Definition
2. allele
3. Gene/Trait
4. Homozygous
5. Phenotype
9.
10.
Genotype
Heterozygous
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11. Incomplete
dominance
13.
Codominance
14.
Pedigree
15.
Punnett Square
*This would be a great sheet to review before the Vocab Quiz!
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