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NAME ________________________________ PERIOD _______ DATE ____________________ FINAL EXAM REVIEW 1. A student designed an experiment to study how temperature affects the rate at which enzymes digest protein. She put equal masses of liver into four equal-sized test tubes, brought the test tubes to different temperatures, introduced equal amounts of enzyme into each tube and measured the duration of the chemical reaction. What factors were held constant in the experiment? A. B. C. D. Liver mass, test tube size, and enzyme amount. Liver mass, enzyme amount, and reaction duration. Test tube temperature and reaction duration. Test tube temperature, liver mass, and enzyme amount. 2. A student hypothesized that robins prefer large bird houses to small ones. He built four bird houses of different sizes to test his hypothesis. What was the independent variable in the student’s study? A. B. C. D. The size of the bird house. The number of birds in a house. The location of the bird house. The season of the year. Base your answers to the following questions on the information and diagrams below. Saltwater plants of the same species were grown in soil in separate containers with 1 liter of water. All of the plants were the same height at the beginning of the experiment. Different amounts of salt were dissolved in each container as shown in the diagrams. All other conditions were held constant. Measurements for the final height of each plant are provided. 3. What is the problem or testable statement for this experiment? Does the amount of salt in the water affect plant growth? 4. What is the dependent variable for this experiment? A. the amount of salt added. B. the amount of water in the container. C. the height of the plant. D. the type of plant. 5. Write a possible hypothesis for this experiment. If greater amounts of salt are added to water, then the plants will grow larger. 6. Which of the following describes a scientific theory? A. B. C. D. A scientific theory, once established, can never be changed. A scientific theory is a good guess made by very smart people. A scientific theory explains a broad range of observed facts. A scientific theory is an explanation proven beyond all doubt. USE THE PERIODIC TABLE TO ANSWER QUESTION #7 ________7. Which element has 13 protons, 14 neutrons and 13 electrons? A. Sodium B. Magnesium C. Aluminum 8. Match the following : ___A___ element A. made of 1 kind of atom. D. Silicon ____C___ compound B. 2 substances physically combined _____B___mixture C. 2 or more elements chemically combined. __D____ 9. The unit used to express liquid volume. A. centimeters (cm) __A___10. The unit used to express length. B. grams (g) __C___11. The unit used to express density. C. grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) _B____12. The unit used to express mass. D. milliliters (ml) 13. Which instrument is used to calculate: __A___ Mass of an object A. balance B. graduated cylinder C. metric ruler ___B__ Volume of a liquid __C___ Length of an object 14. Liquid (water) displacement is how to find the volume of an irregularlyshaped object. (Hint: putting it in a graduated cylinder and measuring the difference.) 15. Find the volume of the object using the graduated cylinders below. Final Volume = ____49mL____ Initial volume = ____33mL___ Volume of object = ____16mL____ 16. Using the picture, the mass of the object is ____30g_____ 17. Given the mass from Q. #17 and the volume of the object from Q. #16, what is the density of the object? (D = M/V) ___1.875 g/mL_____ 18. Below are examples of physical and chemical changes. Place a Letter P next to the physical changes, and a Letter C next to the chemical changes. __C___ rusting metal ___P__ripping paper __P___ salt dissolving in water __C__burning wood __P___water freezing __C___ mixing 2 liquids and a gas evolves. 19. Identify convection, conduction, radiation in the picture below. conduction convection radiation 20. What is the softest mineral on Moh’s Scale? ____talc____ The hardest? _diamond________ 21. In a field test of hardness, a mineral needs to be harder than 1 22. A renewable resource is one that cannot be replaced in our lifetime. cannot be replaced in our lifetime. can A non-renewable resource is one that 23. Forms: __C___ Igneous rock can __B___ Metamorphic rock A. from pieces of other rocks large 5 to scratch glass. _____A___ Sedimentary rock B. by changing existing rocks 24. If an igneous rock cools quickly, it’s crystals will be 3 C. from cooled molten material or small. 25. Number the following in order from the most permeable (#1) to the least permeable (#4). Silt/mud _4__ coarse sand _2___ 26. An upward fold is a(n): syncline gravel ____1___ anticline fine sand __3_ A downward fold is a(n): 27. 3 types of stress: __B___ rocks move in two directions horizontally. syncline A. compression __A___ rock being squeezed together. B. shearing _C____ rock being stretched. C. tension 28. Identify which fault is: ______Reverse_________ strike-slip ____normal_________ reverse normal _____strike slip______ anticline 29. According to the law of superposition, which rock layer is the oldest? _Q___ the youngest? __K__ 30. Scientists get information about the interior of the Earth by studying _seismic waves______. 31. According to the theory of sea-floor spreading: The oldest rocks on the ocean floor are found: closest to furthest from the mid-ocean ridge. The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are found? closest to furthest from the mid-ocean ridge. Oceanic crust is less or more 32. Boundary where plates move: dense than continental crust. convergent divergent transform slide past ___Transform____ together __Convergent______ apart_____divergent_________ 33. Tectonic plates move because of _Convection currents in the mantle 34. True or False: Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries because that’s where the plates interact the most. 35. If the difference in arrival times of the P and S waves is far apart, the epicenter is: far away close * Know how to read the chart on page 161 P and S waves and distance to epicenter. 36. True or False: Amount of gases and silica are two factors that cause a volcano to be more explosive than others. 37. __D__ wide, gentle sloped volcano A. cinder _A__ short, steep-sided cone B. composite _B___ tall, well-shaped cone C. hot spot __C__ volcano that forms in the middle of a plate. D. shield 38. Using a colored pen/pencil, draw arrows to show how smoke would move if a lit punk was placed in tube A. 39. Why does the air flow in this direction? ______________________________ _Hot air rises above the candle, cooler more dense air from over the ice A B _moves toward the flame drawing the smoke down the tube. 40. Label a sea breeze. Show rising air (UP), sinking air (DOWN), high pressure (more dense), low pressure (less dense). Down High pressure up Low pressure WATER LAND Label a land breeze. Show rising air (UP), sinking air (DOWN), high pressure (more dense), low pressure (less dense). Up Low pressure Down High pressure WATER LAND 41. Which wind belt moves weather across the United States? Polar Easterlies Westerlies Trade Winds 42. The deflection of the winds due to the Earth’s rotation is called : _coriolis effect__ 43. When a liquid changes into a gas it is called condensation evaporation melting When a gas changes into a liquid it is called condensation evaporation melting 44. As the wet and dry bulb temperature get closer together the relative humidity is low high As the wet and dry bulb temperature are far apart, the relative humidity is low high CLOUDS: Stratus Cumulonimbus 45. Cloud made of ice crystals ___Cirrus____ Layered clouds that produce drizzle ___Stratus___ Air masses: maritime tropical (MT) maritime polar ( MP) Cirrus Cumulus Puffy clouds _Cumulus_________ Storm clouds __Cumulonimbus_ continental tropical (CT) continental polar (CP) 46. Forms: Over cold land (Canada) _____CP________ Over warm oceans ______MT_______ Over warm land (Mexico) ________CT________ Over cold oceans ______MP________ 47. True or False: Tornadoes are common in Tornado Alley because two very different air masses meet in the middle of the United States. Continental polar & marieime tropical 48. What kind of weather is associated with a low pressure system? fair, cool, dry cloudy, rainy 49. What kind of weather is associated with a high pressure system? fair, cool, dry cloudy, rainy 50. What kind of weather follows a cold front? warm and humid clear skies/cooler/dry 51. What kind of weather follows a warm front? warm and humid clear skies/cooler/dry 52. An isobar or isotherm connects areas of equal temperatures. An isobar or isotherm connects areas of equal pressure. 53. Draw a station model: 65° F 56° F 29.2 .3 Air pressure 29.2 inches Air temperature 65° F Dew point temperature 56° F Overcast/cloudy skies .3 inches of precipitation Wind speed: 14 mph Wind direction: southwest 54. Seasons are caused by: Revolution around the sun & the tilt of the Earth’s axis 55. When the Earth is tilted towards the sun, the Northern Hemisphere the season is _summer__. 56. When the Northern Hemisphere has summer, the Southern Hemisphere has winter__________. 57. During a lunar eclipse, the moon is: new moon 1st quarter full moon 3rd quarter During a solar eclipse, the moon is: new moon 1st quarter full moon 3rd quarter D A C B 58. Which 2 positions would the moon be in during a Spring tide? Neap tide? A B C D A B C D 59. As you move from position C to position A, the amount of light on the moon’s surface would: increase decrease stay the same 60. The model that states the stars and planets all revolve around the Earth. geocentric heliocentric The model that states the planets, including Earth, revolve around the sun. geocentric heliocentric 61. Where are the brightest, hottest stars on the H-R diagram? Upper left____________ Coolest, dimmest stars? ____lower right_______________________ 62. Compare Rigel to Sirius B. __Rigel is a hot, bright, massive star____ __Sirius B is a dim, small, relatively hot star______ ___________________________________________________ dwarf star neutron star black hole red giant nebula 63. A star the size of the sun will become a _____ dwarf star ___________ when it dies. 64. A massive star will become either a _______ black hole ________ or _____ neutron star ________ at the end of its life cycle. 65. A star begins its life within a _________Nebula________. Type X 66. Which galaxy is: __Z__ irregular Type Y Type Z ___X____ spiral ____Y____ elliptical 67. The spinning of the Earth on its axis is called: revolution rotation 68. The Earth travelling once around the Sun is called: revolution rotation 69. The moon goes through phases because of its revolution rotation 70. Night and day are caused by the Earth’s revolution rotation around the Earth. 71. A planet is kept in orbit around the sun by _____Gravity______ and ___Inertia_______. A. star B meteorite C. nebula __D____ an icy ball of gas and dust. _C__ a huge cloud of gas and dust. D. comet E. moon _F___ a body that orbits a star. F. planet G. light-year ___G_____ unit for measuring distance in space. ___E__ a body that orbits a planet. __B__a chunk of metal or rock that strikes the Earth’s surface. ___A___ a glowing ball of gas. 72. Which planet has the shortest orbital period? (goes around the sun fastest?) __Mercury_________ Which planet has the longest orbital period? (goes around the sun slowest?) __Neptune_______ 73. The inner planets are: large small and gaseous rocky 74. The outer planets are: large small and gaseous rocky 75. Which type of electromagnetic radiation: Has the longest wavelength? gamma visible light radio Has the shortest wavelength? gamma visible light radio Is the only form of radiation we can see? gamma visible light radio 76. Match the following features of the sun to the diagram. __A___ Core __C___ Corona _D____ Photosphere __B___ Sunspots