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BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BLUE MED A BLUE JOBS AND GROWTH RESEARCH AND INNOVATION INITIATIVE FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION COLLECTED FROM MED COUNTRIES THROUGH THE MAPPING TO IDENTIFY: GAPS [G] AND RESEARCH & INNOVATION OPPORTUNITIES [N/O] FOR OVERCOMING THEM, AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION [J] REGIONAL AND NATIONAL BOUNDARY/FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS FOR THE R&I NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION BY IT TEAM 1 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 INDEX ANALYSING GAPS AND RESEARCH & INNOVATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR OVERCOMING THEM .......................................................................................................... 4 BIODIVERSITY...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 BLUE BIOTECHNOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACTS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 DEEP SEA ECOSYSTEMS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 DEEP SEA MINING, OIL AND GAS SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 LIVING MARINE RESOURCES (FISHERY, AQUACULTURE, ETC.) ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 MARINE HAZARDS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22 MARINE POLLUTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 MARITIME TRANSPORT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 MSP-ICZM ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 OCEANS AND HUMAN HEALTH ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 34 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY/OBSERVING SYSTEMS .................................................................................................................................................................. 35 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLICY RESEARCH................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 TOURISM .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 TRAINING & TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 43 REGIONAL AND NATIONAL BOUNDARY/FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS FOR THE R&I NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION (INCLUDING POSSIBLE DRIVERS SUPPORTING THEIR IMPLEMENTATION) .......................................................................................................................................... 44 BIODIVERSITY (INCLUDING BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 45 BLUE BIOTECHNOLOGY .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 48 CLIMATE CHANGE & IMPACTS.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49 2 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 DEEP SEA ECOSYSTEMS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51 DEEP SEA MINING, OIL AND GAS SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 52 LIVING MARINE RESOURCES (FISHERY, AQUACULTURE, ETC.) ........................................................................................................................................................ 53 MARINE HAZARDS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 55 MARINE POLLUTION ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 56 MARITIME TRANSPORT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58 MSP-ICZM ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60 OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65 OCEANS AND HUMAN HEALTH ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 67 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY/OBSERVING SYSTEMS & RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES............................................................................................................. 68 INCLUDING NEW TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 68 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & POLICY RESEARCH ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 74 TOURISM .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 77 TRAINING & TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 77 3 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 ANALYSING GAPS AND RESEARCH & INNOVATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR OVERCOMING THEM (PROVIDE THE NECESSARY JUSTIFICATION/DRIVERS) For each thematic area, the inputs have been aggregated in cluster of issues (reported in the first column). Each group of identified gaps and related justification (in the second column) is associated to a corresponding group of needs/opportunities and related justification (in the third column). 4 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BIODIVERSITY BIODIVE RSITY General issues IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] Knowledge on: biodiversity, from assessment to ecosystem services; ecosystems, and species adaptation to changing marine environments (resilience) including coastal pelagic and benthic environments; role of biodiversity in marine ecosystem functioning and services (including the interactions between terrestrial and marine environment); knowledge on ecosystem biodiversity change dynamics (cycles and trends) over relevant time scales (including pre-anthropic biodiversity values to discriminate from changes derived from human activities); factors controlling biodiversity; taxonomy; microbial (bio)diversity; health status of the ecosystems and populations based on real information; impact of ocean acidification on biodiversity: [J] to support biodiversity management and conservation policies; prerequisite for predicting the impacts of climate change (on coastal and offshore ecosystems) at regional (MED) level; to evaluate how populations will adapt to changing environmental conditions due to climate change and human impacts and on how they will affect the ecosystem resilience or changing species interactions; to quantitatively understand how biodiversity affects food web stability and resilience (and hence impacts food security); to examine specific aspects like species full life-cycle, ecological niche and role, population structure and status, pathogens, symbionts, and interactions with other components of the ecosystem, including for example the crucial role of plankton and bacterial in biogeochemical cycles and marine foodwebs. Because ecosystems can present multiple states that can be part of natural cycles rather than to trends, only a broad time scale of observation can provide an unambiguous assessment. B. [G] Long-term research projects and programmes; coherent network of Med observatories and research surveys, including data management and e-science facilities/virtual laboratories: [J] to allow a coordinated long-term and large-scale monitoring of marine biodiversity changes obtaining adequate information on temporal R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Coupling taxonomy with new technologies for biodiversity assessment, e.g. assess genetic diversity also via new genomic tools; wide-spreading of big complex data production through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and -omics methods (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics) and technologies; new ways of taxonomy with dedicated cruises/observatories in data-poor areas (also to help producing new/updated monographs of marine taxa) and taxonomic inventory, analysis and modelling of the relationship between diversity and functions of the main biological compartments (thanks to the availability of new tools, metagenomics, DNA barcoding), allowing to go faster in the knowledge of species, including microbial species; links of microbial diversity of ecosystem functioning; obtain and use of long data series from paleobiological archives to study long term biodiversity changes in the ecosystems; studies on the pathologies that affect species: [J] to catch the opportunity offered by technological developments for collecting complex big data sets, in order to study biodiversity in a holistic and in-depth way, at very fast time scales (e.g. networks of cabled marine observatories); to establish reference data, follow the evolution of and compare the data, and evaluate the vulnerability of organisms communities and of ecosystem services; to improve the understanding of organism ecophysiology and plasticity as well as the scales of connectivity and the spatial and temporal modelling capabilities; to take the opportunity of new technological and feasible developments; to take preventive actions for biodiversity conservation; to value data series for ecosystem management (preanthropic status, trends, cycles, resilience, natural vs anthropic impacts, and ecosystem resilience including rate of perturbations, time for recovery, etc.). B. [N/O] Formal agreement, supported by governments and funding agencies, between marine stations and institutes to support the development of a coordinated and sustained system of biodiversity 5 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BIODIVE RSITY IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION and spatial changes, their causes and associated risks to be used for future research planning. R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION observatories combining biological, physical and chemical measurements (build on EMODNET Med check-point, LifeWatch and to GEO-BON initiatives), and including virtual labs: [J] to develop an integrated long term research plan for Med marine biodiversity science, enhancing collaboration, younger generation training, scientific findings, and funding opportunities. Applicat ions A. [G] Marine biodiversity for human well-being: [J] central issue requiring multidisciplinary approaches, and to take into consideration societal needs and awareness. B. [G] Development of automatic instruments (e.g. biosensors) for the measure of biodiversity changes and reliable indicators to contribute to MSFD GES: [J] to further develop and standardize a set of biodiversity indicators for proper monitoring of biodiversity changes and support the ecosystem-based approach to management. C. [G] Public participation (stakeholders, citizens involvement, citizens science): [J] maximize the contribution of the general (nonscientific) public by promoting citizen science interest and initiatives for biodiversity observation NEW and monitoring. A. [N/O] Development of innovative socio-ecological approaches, enhancing interdisciplinarity (e.g. linking marine related socioeconomic issues): [J] to achieve a genuine ecosystem approach to the management of marine resources, and apply knowledge generated through biodiversity research in areas that may deliver sustainable economic opportunities. B. [N/O] Identify and set up new indicators (under ECAP) and metrics: [J] to monitor biodiversity changes, and measure functional biodiversity and determines its role. C. [N/O] Enhancement of public participation in reporting and surveying (e.g. sea birds, marine mammals, and jelly-watch, invasive species, species geographical shifts, etc.) + development of projects for school and University students, fishermen, divers and amateur scientists: [J] to enhance ocean literacy/marine culture and at the same time contribute to accessible knowledge pool of species occurrence and abundance. Focus on biologic al invasion A. [G] Knowledge on biodiversity and the related ecosystem services, highlighting the links between biodiversity, marine pollution and biological invasions (also in relation with climate change) and particularly of pathways (especially for the eastern Mediterranean, in case of the Red Sea invasive species) and of alien&invasive species (including periodically invasive native species) impacts on/alterations of ecosystem functions: [J] the Med sea is a hot spot of biodiversity and despite a rich scientific history, lack of knowledge on the issue is important, particularly in relation with the A. [N/O] Combination of studies including genetic techniques and traditional monitoring of invasive species, also to identify their origin: [J] for management purposes; assessing ecosystem changes due to biological invasions, including studies on their impacts in given areas and on mechanisms and impacts of native species outbreaks; to quantify ecosystem changes due to biological invasions and potential adaption measures and to assess/quantify any possible economy shift for species of commercial interest B. [N/O] Molecular/genetic studies of bioinvasions in the Mediterranean 6 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BIODIVE RSITY IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION invasive species question; recognizing the significant threats posed by NIS (MWFD, Biodiversity Strategy); while observed, the rate of change and trophic relations are poorly known. B. [G] Develop ecosystemic approaches to understand the reasons of biological proliferations and management plans of invasive species (especially in fisheries), including surveillance programmes for marine NIS; joint programme to investigate and prevent the introduction of harmful algae and other exotic species through ballast water (see also Marine Hazards): [J] the EU Biodiversity Strategy (EC 2011) aims that by 2020, Invasive Alien Species (IAS) and their pathways are identified, prioritized and managed to prevent the introduction and establishment of arriving IAS and that, where practicable, negative impacting species are controlled or eradicated. will be helpful in determining their identities, as well as their sources, routes of invasions, and the genetic make-up of founding populations: [J] to document the full extent of the bioinvasion of the EU Seas, providing information for the development of effective conservation policies and competent management (also in fishery). Focus on endto-end marine ecosyste ms A. [G]Concerted observation and modelling approach to understand sustainability of marine ecosystem (from plankton to fish): [J] Numerical models have not yet integrated this new potential which requires new approaches adapted to spatio-temporal sampling. B. [G] Sustainable exploitation of Med Sea ecosystems: [J] Med Sea is threatened by human activities combined with effects of climate change. A. [N/O]Build databases equipped with new advanced functionalities (e.g. multiple information cross analysis, analysis of weaknesses and strengths of different simulations, event detection...): [J] to better analyse data, using the opportunities offered by recent technological developments (observations and super computers) and models predictability. B. [N/O] Preserve and sustainable exploit Med Sea ecosystems: [J] Good environmental status and capacity to provide food, goods and services (touristic and leisure activities, maintain water quality) is in danger. Focus on Marine Protecte d Areas A. [G]A joint programme of research for future Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean Sea including deep-sea ecosystems; contribution to support the management of MPAs and coherent networks of MPAs: [J] to protect the marine biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea; the MSFD requires the setting up of coherent networks of MPAs. B. [G] Implementation of paleobiology conservation approaches in A. Increase research to focus on the localization and identification of vulnerable ecosystems for their designation as MAPs. Research on the connectivity mechanisms between vulnerable ecosystems to develop coherent networks of MPAs in the Mediterranean Sea. [J] MPAs are an effective tool to protect and preserve marine biodiversity from the direct impact of human activities. It will allow to comply with the requirements of the MSFD. 7 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BIODIVE RSITY IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION protected areas or in hot spots of ecosystem services: [J] to help establishing proper long-term management programmes. R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION B. N/O] Development of new approaches for the study of the changes of biodiversity in the ecosystems at their multiple time scales. [J] There is a need to discriminate between natural and anthropic drivers of diversity change in the ecosystems. Providing an alternative/complementary method to costly long-term monitoring programmes. Note: EMODNET, LIFEWATCH, GEO-BON initiatives 8 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BLUE BIOTECHNOLOGY BLUE BIOTECH General issues (including marine biomimetic technology) IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] (Deeper) development of biotechnologies and better knowledge of biomolecules from marine algae, bacteria and macro-organisms for producing biofuel, cosmetics, drugs, fine chemicals: [J] exploitation now feasible, and in particular microalgae and cyanobacteria represent prominent candidates for sustainable fine chemicals and biofuel production, and are efficient in carbon capture; bacteria, marine fungi and macro-organisms produce numerous biocompounds (antibiotic, immune system modulators, pigments, collagen, chitin...); aquatic biomass as source of new biobased products. B. [G] Development of new methods and technologies to culture new species (from microorganisms to higher organisms) and ensure the supply of bioproducts of a wide range of products (e.g. pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, cosmetics, etc): [J] to satisfy the industry and market demands, thus contributing to develop a sustainable European marine bluebiotech industry. C. [G] Exploring the deep Mediterranean Sea (macro and micro biota): [J] availability of robotic technologies (ROV and AUV) for the exploration and collection of samples from the mesophotic zone to the deep sea. D. [G] Industrial issues like science-to-industry communication synergies between robotics, biotechnology, and aquaculture production; access to risk capital for startup and SME: [J] niche markets, dedicated and targeted to specific biotechnological solutions ready to be exploited. R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Specific research on isolation and description of algae and bacterial strains (must be robust, fast growing, and demonstrate good adaptation to the planned bioprocess); on photosynthesis, including effects of environmental parameters; and on reduction of processing costs and up-scaling: [J] huge potential of marine biological diversity (i.e. unusual and extreme habitats easily accessible) for discovering new genes, new molecules (especially of prokaroytic and protistan microorganisms), for biotechnological applications. By using the appropriate modern technological developments important applications in the area of bioprospecting (production of pharmaceuticals, bioactive substances, etc) can be achieved. [note: these topics have partially been covered by FP7 and the 2014 DG calls] B. Research and development of technologies to optimise culture conditions for new species of organisms (including biology, physiology of organisms, diseases, etc) in order to provide the industry with a sustainable source of marine organisms to produce bioproducts. C. [N/O] Development of specialized robotic technologies: [J] to improve the exploration and collection of samples from the deep part of the marine ecosystem. D. [N/O] Development of new and more robust biotechnology tools to produce new market niches, promoting the creation and the survival in the pre-industrial phase of new dedicated start-up (for example automated high-resolution biosensing technologies; prediction and detection of human health hazards (e.g. Harmful Algal Blooms) and for automated and remote monitoring of physico-chemical parameters in wild and farmed sentinel fish; modelling; cost-effective and non-toxic antifouling technologies), stimulating synergy and participation in joint projects between research institutions and SME. [J] As reported by the Global Strategic Business Report (GSBR) analyzing the worldwide market for marine biotechnology products (GSBR Marine Biotechnology, 2013), developing blue technologies is important to: increase basic knowledge on marine biodiversity in order to protect it 9 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BLUE BIOTECH IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION and to preserve still unexplored services that marine organisms can provide; develop environmentally friendly processes; reduce environmental impact of existing activities; produce predictive models of human health hazards; sustainably cope with food requirements enhancing population well-being; foster technology transfer between research institutions and enterprises, enhancing their competitiveness at the international level. [sample sectors: aquaculture, including Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA); development of food from waste technologies; bio-prospecting of marine bioactive molecules of interest for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, medical and industrial applications; innovative culture methods for harvesting natural marine compounds and materials; food products and ingredients of marine origin (algae, invertebrates, fish) with optimal nutritional properties for human health]. Note: link ‘blue biotech’ to bio-refineries (Med specificities to be still ensured) and highlight the enabling technologies (multi kets) for blue biotech application. 10 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACTS CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACTS IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION General issues A. [G] Development of models to improve (regional) climate change impacts scenarios and inter-comparison exercise for cc&impacts, like climate and ecosystem model (not physical): [J] they are necessary for planning and adaptation policies purpose, e.g. cc impacts on fisheries (migration routes, spawning regions, recruitment, etc.). B. [G] Performing climate models (including ocean/solid earth processes) at local and sub-basin scale: [J] although climate models are qualitatively reproducing overall environmental properties at the basin scale, they do not satisfactorily reproduce the processes at local and subbasin scale. C. [G] Long term multidisciplinary measurements, observations, and data: [J] well-constrained models are essential for a long-term remediation actions to mitigate/adapt to the impacts of climate changes. D. [G] Intensification of the use of paleoarchives for paleo-environmental reconstructions: [J] Need to study detailed data series of relevant periods of time to assess with the sufficient time resolution the role of human activities in the global change observed and validate models. A. Specific issues A. [G] Assessment of climate change impacts [N/O] Downscaling modelling from the global scenarios (IPCC) to the Med regional seas and subregional areas, and Mediterranean Models Intercomparison Program (Med MIP), from Atmosphere-Ocean-Land regional coupled climate models, to coupled model including end-to-end marine ecosystems models: [J] to aware planning and programming policies mitigating/adapting CC impacts in coastal areas (also making profit of robustness of the inter-comparison and multi-models approaches as for the global earth problem); to assess impacts on sub-regions set up in MSFD for the assessment of the GES. B. [N/O] Assessing and projecting climate changes and impacts at local scales: [J] towards a better knowledge and effective exploitation, through man power and cooperative approach, of high-quality performance of (local scale) climate models. [For instance, with particular regard for coastal areas, study of the vulnerability of the coastal zone and future developments have to be addressed through combination of the (operational) prediction of the sea level rise and the erosion and flooding of coastal areas, the economic-social-environmental impacts and the possible adaptation strategies, while optimizing its real-time measurements of meteorological-oceanographic parameters by combined use spot measuring devices and improvement of reliability and resolution of satellite data to address coastal issues (coastal satellite oceanography)]. C. [N/O] Field and experimental research to better understand for example the single and combined effects of ocean acidification and warming on marine ecosystems, at the level of ecosystems, habitats, biodiversity, communities, populations and organisms; better understand and model of e.g. the thermohaline circulation in the Mediterranean: [J] to develop reliable models to forecast the effects of acidification on marine ecosystems from coastal to offshore environments; to assess the possible changes caused by climate change and the consequences on the Med basin (e.g. the salt, nutrient and heat balance) as well as the possible consequences on the circulation in the Atlantic. D. [N/O] Explore new paleo-archives and develop new techniques and proxies to retrieve information from them: [J] need to refine and augment the potential to obtain information from the paleo-archives to provide reliable paleo-data series. A. [N/O] Organized study of the various parameters and database update: [J] because of 11 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACTS IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION on coastal ecosystems biodiversity and on the need to compare data consistently and well organized. [Specific ideas of interest: biogeochemistry: [J] biodiversity assumes common, easy access data set, clear data policy, interdisciplinary cruises, integration different ecosystem services, provisioning, and collaboration with coastal guard and navy (also in order to set up a large Ship-ofregulating, supporting and cultural: climate Opportunity program), quantify the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and change is expected to affect seawater feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere under multiple temperature, the stratification pattern, sea climatic/environmental/anthropogenic drivers and stressors. level, surface and thermohaline circulation B. [N/O] Better assessment of sea-level rise impacts; different strategies approach (long(increase of stratification, change in wind term monitoring programs/programs aimed at deepening the larger risks to the atmospheric circulation patterns, etc), ecosystem and the human environment/a particular focus on climate change in the terrestrial inputs, light radiation, upwelling other programs that focus on different goals) plus specific ideas of interest (e.g. and extreme events frequency and combined use of geodetic, use of geomorphic and historic markers and ocean/solid intensity, atmospheric deposition. earth modelling techniques); investigation into the causes and the effects of extreme events of the recent past; evaluating the change taking place in the marine food chain B. [G] Sea level rise & weather extremes (that (from viruses to mammals) and simulating future scenarios; complex models simulating can also potentially increase the risk of past climates to find confirmation of future scenarios; evaluating strategies for flooding and intrusions of salt water in adaptation and mitigation considering the real economic value of the natural system; coastal areas): [J] highlighted by the V IPCC strategic decisions for ICZM and MSP and for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture to Report (2013-14: WG1, WG2, WG3) be adapted to future impacts; networking of existing MPAs, the creation of new ones, considering Southern Europe and noneven in deep areas, and a common protocol for monitoring]: [J] protection of Med European Mediterranean countries high economies; fast growing of the risk of disasters (sensu UNISDR) in the MED area, due to vulnerable to climate change. the acceleration of climate-related changes (increasing the probability of extreme C. [G] Coastal risks, erosion phenomena events), as well as by the intrinsic vulnerability of MED ecosystem (see the V IPCC status and evolution, subsidence in deltaic Report, (which is increasing due to the biodiversity loss) and by the increase of possible zones; impacts of climate change and water consequences, due to the growing presence of hundreds of millions of people along the scarcity on saline intrusions in coastal coasts and the socio-economic value of the basin (tourism, recreation, fishery, maritime aquifers, and possible management of transport and energy, cultural heritage). these issues: [J] quantitative assessment of coastal risks is needed in order to C. [N/O] Strength the synergy between industry and policy makers (i.e. strategic knowingly plan the adaptation policies development plans + adaptation plans) e.g. fostering an initiative with maritime (cost/benefit analysis) [in particular near Regions involvement putting into practice innovative devices and methods for erosion coast boundary layer characteristics are phenomena assessment; work at different scale in space and time: [J] to update and important for climate issues (due to the hazeenhance the "concept" of the previous EU initiatives, produce and feed a Med Coastal cloud cooling effect) and for public health Observatory, maintain updated data/information on erosion phenomena and coastal issues when air pollution (from the sea-surface, risks. 12 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACTS IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION shipping and coastal industrial activity) is trapped in the boundary layer of densely populated areas]. D. [G] Knowledge of the biogeochemicalphysical interactions between the ocean and atmosphere, including interactions between air pollution and climate in the coastal environment: [J] more comprehensive understanding of ocean processes. E. [G] Consequences of climate change and ocean acidification on the biogeochemical cycle of C and other key elements (e.g. N and P); and more specifically production/consumption mechanisms, spatial distribution, circulation effects of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC): [J] fundamental issues for the functioning of marine ecosystems. F. [G] Marine sink for anthropogenic carbon (ocean carbon cycle observations, stocks and fluxes determinations and modeling in socio-economical and environmental contexts); knowledge of carbon stock sequestration rates by vegetated and depositional costal environments (e.g. seagrass, meadows, salt-mashes, and depositional areas); carbon sequestration measurements in the deep waters: [J] to better assess impact scenarios; to study the potential of carbon sequestration by natural biospheric carbon sinks; to serve society with best available information on R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION D. [N/O] Quantification of the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere under multiple drivers and stressors: [J] to provide strategic solutions for the sustained natural resource management of the oceans and lower atmosphere through predictive capabilities, process knowledge, model-data fusion, a critical appraisal of potential geo-engineering options, seamless interaction with stakeholders as well as policy makers, and support of an international project office (IPO). E. [N/O] A better understanding of the effects of CC and acidification on the biogeochemical cycle of key elements such as C, N, and P, including spatial and temporal dynamics of different pools of these cycles (i.e. dissolved, particulate, organic, inorganic, etc) as well as of changes, e.g. DOC, POC and nutrients dynamics, requiring both systematic observations and modelling efforts: [J] to explore regions with Different circulation regimes and to assess the seasonal variability of the DOC distributions; and by developing a hierarchy of models to study the DOC cycle, together with the effects of physical processes. F. [N/O] Technological development of coring systems and marine sensors for coastal sediments; development of models to forecast the carbon capture capacity in various scenarios; risks and effects of policies related to carbon sequestration and specifically quantification of the fluxes of greenhouse gases in the Earth system as a function of space and time based on improved descriptions of processes and feedbacks, exploiting and extending observational networks, and combining observations with advanced Earth system modelling (atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, anthroposphere/human societies): [J] to investigate and promote mechanisms for the mitigation of the excess of anthropic CO2 in the atmosphere; relevant for predicting economic-socialenvironmental impacts and their treatment; to provide a rigorous foundation/decision framework for feasible solutions on greenhouse gas emission reductions guided by best possible future projections integrating natural science communities, socio-economic science communities, policy makers, industry, and large future research programmes. 13 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACTS IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION the marine sink for anthropogenic carbon. [note: see also 'deep sea ecosystem'] Focus on the hydrological component (hydrometeorolo gical marine hazards, hydrodynamic and sediment transfers) [G] Knowledge of the behaviour of the hydrometeorogical cycle, and particularly on submersion events and on the wide range of interacting processes that shape the coast line in a microtidal sea; understanding the interaction between the different hazards (erosion/submersion, entrance of lagoons, …) and the different components of the surface energy budget to assess the hydrologic budget (oceanic-atmospheric observatories needed): [J] climate change and sea rising will enhance the frequency and intensity of such events. [N/O] Better assessment of submersion events from sedimentary archives, of the sediment stocks with geophysical techniques, and of the influence of relevant parameters on the setup of sediment instabilities; better understanding of the interaction between the different hazards (erosion/submersion, entrance of lagoons, …) including atmospheric input of nutrients, and monitoring of the non-cohesive sediment transport at the scale of the sedimentary cells: [J] increase erosion (due also to urbanization and changes in the littoral dynamics), submersion and changes in the sedimentary dynamics due to climate change can lead to habitats and biodiversity degradation and lost due to the building of infrastructures (e.g. ports, platforms etc). Focus on ITC&Data [G] (International standards on) Data and metadata model and joint sampling protocols (particularly for repeated transect like MEDSHIP or similar): [J] interoperability among different information systems need to standardise models; need of data infrastructure providing access to historical data (SeaDataNet should be complementary to EMODnet + new datasets under development by the Copernicus Climate Change Service). [N/O] Standardisation of data and metadata model with the implementation of common vocabularies: [J] to allow interoperability among different information systems; [N/O] links between national systems and a pan-European infrastructure: [J] to support EU research on global change. 14 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 DEEP SEA ECOSYSTEMS DEEP SEA IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION ECOSYSTEMS (including the openocean and deep-sea circulation as a vector of human pressures and their impact on marine ecosystems) A. [G] Knowledge on: seabed and deep sea extreme ecosystems (e.g. canyons, etc.); interaction of the near-bottom flows with the seafloor and their related deep water processes at different scales; deep ocean circulation time scales; submarine geohazards significance and their potential impacts on society, economic systems; deep marine ecosystems and their dependence on environmental conditions; variability of hydrodynamic conditions of the ocean interiors, including pathways that interconnect sub-basins and the exchanges between the shelves and the open ocean (i.e. canyons), and relevance of these processes in the dispersal of contaminants and marine litter: [J] sustainable exploitation and harvesting of deep-sea resources, of the diversity of marine life, climate forecasting, climate change; risks management, considering the highly dynamic geological setting, the high density of coastal infrastructures and the intensive tourist exploitation; assessment of environmental impact; validation of hydrodynamic models (e.g. for deep-sea current estimates). B. [G] Morphological and bathymetric maps for exploring: location and extension of large organic structures in deep sea (e.g. Cold White Corals); detailed morphology of non-tropical carbonate escarpments to investigate the nature and dynamics of canyon and landslide processes responsible; relation between ecosystems and deep underwater volcanism; presence of sunken wrecks with chemical and biological risk (ex. weapons and toxic substances); deep marine biological and abiotic resources (ex. fisheries, methane deposits); areas at risk of potential contamination by toxic releases from legal and illegal dumping: [J] to proper manage these areas (specific technology and large oceanographic vessels required). C. [G] Carbon export and sequestration in deep Med waters: [J] characterize particle dynamics/transformations, dissolved organic carbon input by deep water formation, and microbial food webs. [Note: R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Studies on ocean motion over seafloor, biogeochemical cycle, particle deposition, and microbial food web; corals and fauna description; identification of geohabitats and geohazards (including offshore); mapping and managing deep sea ecosystems and their relationship to the environmental changes; (large scale) observational studies focused to the dispersal of contaminants and other anthropic pressures: [J] determining in collaboration with industry implications of ocean circulations in economic deep-sea resources; geohazards have been tested to condition Med societies evolution, and have to be identified for future generations; reduce adverse impacts and adopt cost-effective remediation actions. B. [N/O] Shared oceanographic research vessels; tie the deep to the littoral and the coastal zone too in a holistic vision; develop new submarine technologies able to operate at high depths even in particular environments like canyons and volcanic deep ecosystems, and particularly geophysical and high-definition optical underwaters technologies: [J] without the development of new technologies specifically voted to deep sea, it is very unlikely deal with this kind of research; similarly, the construction of a Mediterranean ships equipped with scientific instruments capable of operating at greater depths is the first problem to be solved at national and European level with the involvement of the SME too. C. [N/O] Creation of cross-cutting accessible common data set (needed also to conduct coordinated research to better understand the biogeochemical cycle of C and its sequestration in deep sea): [J] links with projects such as MerMeX, IMBER, and ENVRI. see also 'climate change' (links with MerMeX and IMBER projects] 15 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 DEEP SEA MINING, OIL AND GAS SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION DEEP SEA MINING, OIL AND GAS SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] Systematic mapping and identification of gas hydrate deposits (reservoirs particularly unclear in the (Eastern) Med) and reconnaissance of surveys for hydrothermal sulfide deposits particularly in the submarine volcanic provinces: [J] potential for the occurrence of gas hydrate deposits in the Mediterranean Sea has been shown; methane cold seeps and frequently associated with them gas hydrates (methane in solid state) constitute a major target for non-living, energy resource surveys; widespread submarine volcanic provinces in the Mediterranean (Tyrrhenian and Aegean Seas particularly) are potential site of accumulation of polymetallic sulfide deposits. B. [G] Monitoring together and within the phases of exploration and exploitation to make it compatible with the protection of the marine environment: [J] reach a sustainable exploitation of marine resources for safety reasons and to minimize the environmental impacts and properly set up procedures, capacities and services in the Med region and/or its sub-regions. C. [G] Technologies for implementing the use of abiotic marine resources (e.g. sand from continental margin, ores deposits): [J] to start-up a really new economic sector. R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Deep-water high-resolution surveys in areas of known "cold-seep" activity and mud volcanoes for the assessment of probable, exploitable deposits; long term in situ monitoring of the environment in hot hydrothermal venting areas: [J] gas hydrates may offer a solution for additional energy resources, once extended deposits will be found and can be extracted from the seafloor + gas hydrates, methane coldseeps and mud volcanoes create "extreme environments" on the seafloor, which host very unusual biodiversity + dissolution of gas hydrates may constitute a potential mechanism for offshore mass failures. Moreover, in order to assess the impacts of deep sea resource exploitation, it is crucial to study the sites before perturbations have occurred. B. [N/O] Strategies for environmental protection (e.g. impacts on marine mammals), transparency and publicity of the environmental results owned by the companies, MSP in connection with ship routing, development of transnational safety procedures, capacities and services for safe mining and oil and gas exploitation (including energy from hydrothermal vents): [J] new standards for environmental protection to preserve the GES while increasing the economic added value of deep-sea marine resources. C. [N/O] Development of new sustainable methods for offshore exploitation of mineral resources, with innovative solutions to permit the transit and the effective operation of ships in this sensitive areas, protected and subject to strict environmental regulations: [J] concept design of next generation over-drill ships to minimize the environmental impact. 16 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 LIVING MARINE RESOURCES (FISHERY, AQUACULTURE, ETC.) LIVING MARINE RESOURCES General issues IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] FISHERIES: methodological studies for the management of fisheries in multispecies context, improvement of scientific survey for pelagic stocks and age determination of small pelagic fish (sardine and anchovy), including connectivity and conservation measures; accompanying the evolution of traditional and small scale fisheries for the coastal economies, and including recreational activity into a sustainable use of coastal resources; improvement of the selectivity of fishing gear of pelagic species, make organic baits based in fish subproducts caught by longline species in order to reduce the use of catch as living resource, technology development fisheries that protects mammals from the catches: [J] to improve the quality of the assessments and annual age validation studies (ICES); to target a local market; to accomplish EU legislation to establish control and decision measures on recreational fishery, to be compatible with/implement the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) (e.g. by estimating the contribution of RF to exploitation of fish resources); to reduce fishing effort on the main commercial fish species (80% of which are overexploited) [Notes:(i) Concerning overexploitation: according to reports commissioned by DG Mare and endorsed by international scientific bodies, 80% of these species are overfished. These species as Norway lobster, whiting, hake, sole or anglerfish which are very important to the socioeconomic development of the coastal towns of the Mediterranean. Regl. (UE) No 1380/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council 11 December 2013 on CFP. Scientific, Technical and Economic R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] FISHERIES: evaluating optimal exploitation strategies and adequate indicators and reference points for multispecies fisheries; address the importance of traditional and small scale fisheries, evaluating their impact on ecosystems and services provided; explore relations with marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (including larval fluxes), including alien (invasive) species and endemic species to be possibly exploited; monitor the progression of discrete length models across months; consolidate the application of integrated assessment methods; include recreational fisheries into management: [J] to develop new management plans to implement the new CFP (Common Fishery Policy); to ensure the sustainable management of this sectorial activity to sustain coastal economies; understanding growth, demography and population dynamics of important species (e.g. sardine, anchovy, tunnidae, ...) to improve the inputs for the stock assessments (e.g. by means of integrated catch at age or length based assessments, data poor approaches, integration of acoustic surveys and early-life history models, and of environmental variables; to deal with recreational fisheries (RF) as key economic driver, imposing strong demand on ecosystem services - 10% of the EU population fishes in fresh and marine waters). B. [N/O] AQUACULTURE: monitoring selected suitable sites; develop multitrophic integrated rearing systems; farming of rapid growth species and better economic use (boosting shellfish farming); assessing and projecting aquaculture capacities with respect to the changing environment; design and assess innovative cultivation, transport, distribution and disposal cycles to maximize the potential of shellfish as carbon sequestration activity; design of innovative feed for fish, with low impact on resources (proteins and fish oils replacement with other ingredients from animal/vegetal origin), intestinal health, and disease susceptibility in a changing environment/integrated methodologies for early nutrient 17 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 LIVING MARINE RESOURCES IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – 2013 Assessment of Mediterranean Sea stocks part II (STECF-14-08). 2013. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, EUR 26614 EN, JRC 89860, 364 pp Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – 46th Plenary Meeting Report (PLEN-14-02), 2014. (ii) It has to be considered that much of the work developed in the ICES area regarding the formulation of advice on data poor stock will be applicable to many of the Mediterranean pelagic stocks; in the vision document take into account the recommendations from EATiP; ask input to Steck of the GFCM (Marangoni – DG MARE)]. B. [G] AQUACULTURE: integration of aquaculture systems in their environment (i.e. sustainability); science support to innovation perspective in aquaculture; promotion of key species aquaculture (also as a mean of protecting endangered species like bluefin tuna): [J] to ensure the development of this major activity while protecting the marine environment, therefore to develop sustainable socio-economy, analyzing and resolving conflicts with other activities, either by the use of space, or by the use of resources, within a proper MSP process at regional and local level; innovation - opportunity to find new species for aquaculture; strategy and methods to manage diseases affecting aquaculture; Improve Nutrition and Develop Novel Feeds. [Note: some gaps identified and research needs formulated have been included in Horizon 2020 BG calls] C. [G] SEAFOOD (PROCESSING): science support to market perspective: [J] Improve product processing, shelf-life, and packaging that promote human safety and product quality; R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION programming /new breeding techniques, in collaboration with operators, for the production of high potential new species including shellfish/ sustainable raw materials (replacement of fishmeal and fish oils) and alternative ingredients for breeding; development of new vaccines and therapeutic agents; to develop and make operative early warning systems to support coastal aquaculture; to implement/enhance the use of remote sensing techniques, making available operative tools to support aquaculture sites allocation process and aquaculture plants routine management (e.g. reducing monitoring costs, minimizing damages from meteorological events); technologies to promote the sustainable growth of aquaculture (e.g. use of recirculated water circuits and its energy efficiency, integration with renewable systems = off-shore aquaculture; low energy systems for onshore farms) and generally development of new technologies for the enhancement of integrated aquaculture activities (species and systems): [J] to cope ecological crises, considering rapid changes in temperature and salinity and farmed species exposure to micro-organisms brought by the watershed, potential pathogens in the environment or toxic algal blooms, and to anthropogenic xenobiotics; to produce food through a balanced natural-like system; to assess the impact of the composition of the diet fed to aquacultured fish to the organoleptic properties and chemical constitution of the produced fish (e.g. concentration of ω-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals) as required by increasing significance of aquaculture for covering the food needs; to tune up technologies that facilitate the cultivation of a particular species, integrating several disciplines (breeding, reproduction, health, nutrition and environmental impact); to expand the product range of marine aquaculture; better management of disease in aquaculture and improvement of the conditions of biosecurity and reduction of economic losses, improvement of productivity and reduction of hazard to wild populations; developing feed that meets the animals need for nutrients to 18 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 LIVING MARINE RESOURCES IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION quality/safety of seafood. D. SPECIFIC INPUTS: proper use and further development of the monitoring system (to be) set up to accomplish to the Water Framework Directive the MSFD and the ECAP; actions devoted to fish and mussels farming (e.g. entering into a time contract; overcome the weak collaboration (reticence) from local farmers; lack of data on noise and energy input in the sea (see MSFD implementation); cleaning technology in both freshwater and marine larval hatchery tanks in recirculating aquaculture systems: [J] support the next step and the long term achievements of the Water Framework Directive, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the ECAP and the CFP; drawback for both technology-providing and fish farming SMEs. Focus on sustainable use of resources [G] Proper and larger application of the Good Environmental Status concept, linking natural and social and economic sciences; efforts to maintain the long-term prosperity and sustainability of marine resources (e.g. improve stocks R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION obtain good growth, health and product quality; to shift of aquaculture activities from the sea shore, where there are conflicts with other industries or activities (e.g. tourism) to the open sea (e.g. on floating, multipurpose platforms) and anyway to make onshore farms sustainable; to promote integration of aquaculture with other coastal and marine activities (e.g. promoting integration with tourism, with educational activities, with energy production activities); and generally increase the competitiveness of companies, the range of products and innovations, optimizing the management of livestock, reducing environmental impact (e.g. multitrophic aquaculture). C. [N/O] SEAFOOD (PROCESSING): new technologies to extend "shelf life" mainly for processed seafood; new technologies for processing, production / extraction of fish-meal; new products for market based on partially processed fish or fish-meal; new packaging technologies; relationship between the various stages of production chains and safety, quality and shelf life of fish products quality and shelf life of fish products: [J] increase seafood value and consumer confidence for seafood; valorize quality products, increase seafood value and consumer confidence. D. [N/O] SPECIFIC INPUTS: environmental protection; adaptation to climate change; collaboration with molecular biologists; studies on problems deriving from the introduction of alien species; trans-boundary collaboration: [J] enhanced and practical use of Marine Spatial Planning ECAP and MSFD; molecular confirmation of the species identification based on classical morphological methods; UNESCO - IOC Large Marine Areas protection. [N/O] Trans-boundary collaboration, environmental protection, virtuous process based on: setting objectives for the overall condition in the ecosystem, translated into operational targets and limits for ecosystem status; monitoring and research; assessment of the current situation/evaluation of spatial 19 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 LIVING MARINE RESOURCES IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION assessment to control the fishing pressure; assess the effects on food web of habitat destruction and the depletion of key predator and prey species; minimize potential impacts of mariculture); design, application, and evaluation of marine protected areas, drawing on codes of best practices already developed and through the institutions of environmental education centers; assessing the effects of climate change; specific knowledge on: environmental impacts to fisheries and aquaculture; environmental services provided by aquaculture activities, both coastal and off-shore; ecosystem effects of removal of fishery discards and (anyways) better use of discards including product valorization through differentiation; links between the fisheries resources and the lower trophic levels and environmental drivers; and generally identification of management strategies, spatial management solutions: [J] to promote an ecosystem approach to fisheries management, being a pillar of the Integrated Maritime Policy, supporting the Marine Strategy Framework Directive too, implementing the MSP also considering the need to protect nursery grounds and biodiversity hot spot areas (to be properly indentified where not known via standard methods –to be further developed); to identify adverse impacts on environment, communities, and ecosystems separately for fisheries and aquaculture; to facilitate sustainable development in its three dimensions, namely, environmental protection, social equity and cohesion and economic prosperity (e.g. correct implementation of the landing obligation), taking into consideration the changes of hydrographic and environmental conditions, together with human exploitation (more generally: improve the spatial management of fisheries under provisions of new CFP). management measures (no take zones, fishery restricted areas, marine protected areas); investigation of effects of climate change on stock dynamics; possible effects of ban discards on marine ecosystems, food-webs and biodiversity and abundance of commercial and non-commercial species; and adaptive management: [J] Ecosystem Approach to Management (development of effective plans), a multidisciplinary and multi-scale challenge that requires mutual understanding, trust and confidence to be developed between a broad range of actors, in order to ensure effective communication and to design innovative research programmes with new implementation tools across the different scientific fields and the existing management and governance systems; quantification of the adverse impact of climate change on marine living resources; Common Fisheries Policy; general support to the monitoring needs in EU directives and in ECAP –UNEP process. 20 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 LIVING MARINE RESOURCES Focus on technology IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] Innovation for fishing vessels (including new technologies, that can be tested in oceanographic research vessels campaigns to subsequently be incorporated into commercial fishing vessels): [J] need to improve the income of fishery enterprises and the sustainable development of the sector, also considering agreements with major fishing associations both commercial and small scale fisheries and the main NGOs. B. [G] The development of the GIS (geographic information system), already partly achieved, in order to have a frame for the management of biological resources and aquaculture to give at real-time, placed on the real space, the state of resources, environmental aspects, setting, trends production and for the fleets, etc .: [J] can enable a scientific approach for an ecosystem-based management R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Improvement of efficiency of propulsion systems; adaptation of trawling nets and gears to improve the hydrodinamic performances; introduction monitoring systems for energy performances of the vessel and of the fishing gears in particular for fuel consumption: [J] reduction of production costs without increasing fishing capacity and effort, through a reduction of fuel consumption. B. [N/O] final implementation and use of the GIS -fishery system: [J] GIS could be used for various applications as mapping and analyzing commercial and recreational fishing catch and effort, defining and mapping Essential Fish Habitat, planning and executing living marine resource surveys, habitat restoration, evaluating the effectiveness of marine protected areas. 21 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARINE HAZARDS MARINE HAZARDS General issues IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] Knowledge on the dynamics of the organisms involved in the production of emerging toxins and their transfer through the food web and other environmental components; improve the knowledge on drivers of HABs and the possible implications of climate change and human activities in increasing the frequency of events and the spreading of toxic species to new areas. Improve the predictions to forecast HABs and assess potential risks on maritime sectors and human health: [J] prevent diseases and impacts on the marine environment, fisheries, aquaculture and tourism, as well as to avoid risk for human health. B. [G] Submarine geohazard assessment on the Mediterranean continental margins: [J] Submarine geohazards are a major concern for the Mediterranean coastal society, densely populated with peaks during summer seasons. Submarine geohazards (submarine or coastal earthquakes, submarine volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides and tsunamis they can generate, are focused in the Mediterranean sector od Europe and pose a threat to a large sector of the European population, to Economic activity, and the Environment. Due to the small size of the Mediterranean basin, the time for tsunami impact is extremely short. The hystorical record demonstrate the occurrence of large magnitude submarine geohazard events in the area. C. [G] High resolution seabed mapping of marine geohazards (coupled with knowledge transfer from EU to non-EU countries) with special emphasis on coastal and shallow water landslides bearing a significant risk, specific for the geologically-active and highly touristically-exploited Mediterranean coast; seismic high resolution surveys (different scale) to deeply understand the seismologic functioning, including submarine earthquakes, subsea avalanches; [J]; to consider strong impacts on the costs of hazards (including those generated offshore) and extreme R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Improving management of emerging marine toxins affecting human health, from the identification to the incidence assessment and development of effective plans for risk management: [J] to understand the dynamics of the harmful events and to implement early-warning strategies for their detection, through harmonized laboratory and public actions coordinating food safety agencies, research laboratories, medical and public health institutions and socio-economic specialists. B. [N/O] Coordinate methods and approach in order to achieve a uniform assessment of submarine geohazards along the Mediterranean margins and achieve a dedicated pan-Mediterranean network: [J] T&I in the field of submarine geohazards is a young discipline. There is a lack of uniformity in geological observation systematic data collection and interpretation. Scientific communities in the Mediterranean area are often disconnected and poorly coordinated towards common objectives with high societal relevance. C. [N/O] Systematic swath bathymetry mapping to reveal detailed morphology of the seafloor; large scale and local seismic profiling surveys to locate and study active geological feature; develop adaptive sampling strategies; better assessment of hazards from paleo records and from analysis and characterization of active fault lines; [J] hazard monitoring, forecasting, and risk assessment and management, warning formulation, transmission and dissemination of warnings, elaboration of scenaria to help stakeholders and authorities designing measures to mitigate impact; hundreds to thousands years of high seismic activity shown; relevance of coastal economic activities (fisheries, tourism, offshore and onshore infrastructures). D. [N/O] Improvement of the observatory system to capture extreme events by means of new technologies, and specifically smart sensors to collect biological data and images in the water column and seabed, detect noise and introduction of energy; development of operational systems for forecasting; testing/monitoring breakwater devices, for coastal defense purposes, transforming wave motion in electricity: [J] 22 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARINE HAZARDS IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION events, that are rare and difficult to predict, but still deserve quantification. D. [G] New tools and new coastal stations for extreme events observation; integrated and unified operational Mediterranean system for marine hazards; addition of geophysical and environmental multidisciplinary observatories and enhancement of those presently operating (cabled, autonomous); innovative multipurpose defense systems; geo-engineering for mitigation measures: [J] to cover all hazards from hourly timescales (tsunamis) to seasonal and interannual timescales (climate changes); to monitor and respond to catastrophic events; to collect interdisciplinary data (e.g. useful also to the MSFD); to develop a common procedure and relevant standards for the purpose of mitigation measures taking and risk estimation along coastal areas; to search of multipurpose, integrated and smart solutions in coastal protection against erosion, subsidence, sea level rise, etc. E. [G] Implementation of ad hoc (coastal and open sea) long-term observing systems and enhancement of existing observing systems, for detection, early warning and modelling, able to monitor the impact of physical and bio-geochemical processes of marine catastrophic events such as floods, storm surges, seascape abrupt changes; adequate fully coupled atmospherewaves-currents models for oil spills tracking: [J] manage the hazards in the marine environment, whether natural or manmade, also in a climate change scenario. R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION deep sea monitoring in order to depict environmental changes, hazardous events (e.g. landslide signals,) or parameters related to incipient seismic/volcanic activity (e.g. fluid emission, low-amplitude seismic signal); to possibly transfer the successfully tested devices to the productive/ manufacturing sector. E. [N/O] Increasing the marine observation points, integrated with landbased stations and with EO; standardisation of data and metadata model, with implementation of common vocabularies; dialogue with national and international stakeholders and dissemination to civilians; formalization of extreme case in a modelling system (for hindcast and forecast studies). 23 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARINE POLLUTION MARINE POLLUTION with a focus on contaminants (hazardous, noxious, emergin) and (bio)remediation, and including marine litter and anthropogenic pressures IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] Knowledge on: sources of pollution and occurrence and fate of chemical and biological hazardous and noxious substances (HNS); new approaches from individual or classes of chemicals to mixtures; new analytical methods to detect and quantify emerging pollutants in sea water, sediments and biota; interactions between bioavailability and biological effects of chemical and biological hazardous/HNS with environmental factors and climate change (e.g. ocean acidification and temperature) and between environmental conditions, geochemical cycles and pollutant dynamics in food webs, also to model exchanges between marine ecosystem compartments; determination of the significance and risk of low level of exposure; information on quantities, flows, effects of marine litter and impact on the environment, living resources, and on humans; bioremediation resources in polluted sites (including microbial resources in the deep ocean) and of alternative management strategies; establishing background levels of pollutants in the sea and their long-term evolution: [J] to properly consider important pollutants interactions in complex mixtures and modulation by changing environmental conditions, including longterm effects and adaptive responses in chronically polluted environments; to adapt the approach to monitoring the presence, biological effects, environmental risk, as well as potential health effects; to complement remediation methods (as dredging, not cost effective), to predict multiple-stressor impacts besides long-term ecological effects; to show trends and predict time horizons for pollutants dangerous levels. B. [G] Assessment, modelling, validation, and monitoring. Specifically: environmental fate and distribution, accumulation, transfer through trophic chain; development of sensors to in situ monitor pollutants; assess the effects of climate change and acidification on the dynamics of pollutants in the marine environment; biological effects and environmental risk of emerging pollutants, including R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] In depth NHS analysis and assessment. Specifically: develop analytical methods to measure chemicals and microorganisms in different marine matrices (e.g. water, sediment, biota and waste) characterizing the sources and pathways causing their release into the Sea; development of sensors (both bio- and not) to early detect HNS presence in the environment (Early Warning Systems) and identify potential ecotoxicological effects from exposure; investigate deep sea contamination levels; explore relations between the measured concentrations of chemicals and their biological effects; create and maintain a common and open database; modelling litter transport and transformation, documenting the sources and the rate of pollution due to marine litter, assessing its consequences; detection and quantification of microplastic (MP) and associated contaminants (isotopic tracers types and origins of MP and additives contaminants, dispersion modeling PM on Land-Sea and Forecasting "hot spots", risk assessment for the biota); develop effective systems for waste treatment and management, including possible re-use and recycling of potentially hazardous materials, to prevent/reduce pollutant release in the marine environment; identify areas with defined (low to high) potential risk of entrance of stressors causing chemical or biological disturbance: [J] to respond to the problem through a harmonized regional coastal management scheme, taking into account national specificities, needs, opportunities and priorities; to positively drive outcomes towards innovation and economic development (Green Economy); to assess present threats of marine litter to the living resources and human health; to plan ecosystem-based 24 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARINE POLLUTION IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), nano- and microplastics, pharmaceuticals, as well as past contaminants emerging from dredging activities; ecosystem exposure to contaminants and their transfer in the food web to the resources; impacts of eutrophication; new ecological risk assessment models linking different typologies of data and biological effects; interactions between land‐ocean and the anthropogenic processes leading to pollution (industries distribution, urbanization effect/runoff of mega cities, coastal development, maritime infrastructure and traffic, aquaculture, etc.); real-time surface sea currents recording; cause‐effect indicators; uniform data collection system with shared methodologies and quality standards; connection of monitoring initiatives of different countries: [J] to develop speciation studies of contaminants, and their transfer in the pelagic and benthic realms in areas such as river mouths and cities bays; to quantify the intensity of pressures; to help mitigation e.g. when there are large surface oil slicks; to improve the integration between the scientific community and relevant government agencies, including cross-border and trans-boundary co-operation. C. [G] Focus areas: corrosion of shipwrecks sunken during naval war operations and the associated pollution risk as latent danger; adequate regulatory framework to manage the coastal waste; early detection and response of spills, with particular regard to heavy oils; acoustic and non-acoustic radiations = impacts of underwater noise on marine ecosystems and in particular on higher organisms; effects of electromagnetic radiations on marine ecosystems; marine ecological restoration of degraded areas (particularly in shallow bottom waters): [J] to cope with an unknown risk with a large impact potential in preserved underwater and coastal areas, including cities and touristic destinations; to coordinate institutions and authorities, with particular regard to the communication and transparency among the various research, administrative and economic sectors involved in the waste management issue; increasing concern in the international community on the effects of R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION environmental interventions, extending the strategies for research and technology implementation of bioremediation. B. [N/O] Tools/instruments/methods development. Specifically: new criteria to characterize environmental risk detecting the exact position and directions of pollution; standardization of new analytical methods/instruments, including biosensors and real-time in situ monitoring systems; software-assisted models for environmental risk assessment, integrating different typologies of data (e.g. including quantified anthropogenic pressures and potential impacts); permanent monitoring of eutrophication and its consequences (e.g. hypoxia, anoxia, HABs, etc), including assessment of inputs from land sources (e.g. agriculture, riverine, etc.); increase the public awareness and define good practices: [J] to determine key triggers for environmental risk assessment such as presence, distribution, persistence and bioaccumulation, synergistic effects and modulation by environmental conditions; to assess the state of environmental quality; to foster strong interaction between science, policy makers and industrial partners for a sustainable protection, management, and exploitation of the marine environment (site-oriented decisions); to support policy makers introducing appropriate management strategies, defining useful tools for Marine Spatial Planning and for the regional implementation of the EU MSFD. C. [N/O] Risk assessment of oil pollution in the Mediterranean from shipwrecks; technologies and procedures to build extensive databases of acoustic and non‐ acoustic underwater radiations; develop and test solutions in different areas/places: [J] to establish protocols or specific actions to proceed; to design 25 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARINE POLLUTION IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION the acoustics and non‐acoustic underwater radiations on the marine life, also complying with the binding requirements of the MSFD; coordinate research to cover the lack of knowledge in this field; to develop ecological engineering restoration of areas where human activities have a real impact on the marine biodiversity (MFSD). R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION effective protective measures; validation and improvement of remediation activities.. Note: links with Biodiversity, Deep Sea Ecosystems, Blue Biotechnology, MSP-ICZM 26 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARITIME TRANSPORT MARITIME TRANSPORT including airquality and cooperation among port authorities IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] Innovation technologies, including KETs, and advanced KETs products for the competiveness of vessels, and in particular: integrated systems for the energy efficiency (new energy vectors – including electric and propulsion systems) and for the safety and security of the vessel (with particular regard for assessing the safety of maritime pilots), lightening and innovative materials, ship/vessel resistance reduction, stability and dynamic behavior of the vessel/ship vulnerability and resilience, pilot assistance and guidance systems, automatic navigation, extended connectivity, ecodesign, manufacturing, life cycle design, solutions for smart transport infrastructures: [J] maintaining the technology leadership of Europe, to improve: the environmental performance also by fuel consumption monitoring, reducing CO2 and other air/water emissions and the dependence on fossil fuels; the energy efficiency; the safety of pilots, cargo and passengers during navigation, supporting the decision making process in emergency situation onboard ships (towards 'zero' accidents) also for the benefit of maritime trade; the port efficiency and mobility, reducing (harbor city) traffic congestion and air pollution; the comfort on board. B. [G] Connecting the environment and the R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Innovative developments for the design and management of vessels with an ecofriendly approach to the whole life cycle (including carbon footprint reduction), from modelling to e-solutions and new technologies, improving the sustainability of vessels and systems for a smart mobility. Specific examples include: models for the measurement and monitoring of fuel consumption, for traffic and security management; new technologies for efficient energy production and management (on board demand), including innovative fuels, solutions for the dual use of energy sources, and engineering studies on engines, electrical motors, propellers and thrusters; techniques for the prediction of extreme ship motions (parametric roll, surf riding, etc.); materials (nano-, bio-based, recycled, etc.) highly performing and environmental compatible for the treatment of chemical and biological emissions and for the protection of structures by natural agents; new approaches and technologies for waste recovery characterization and reduction of the noise radiated into air and water; e-Maritime solutions providing a complete integration between planning and management of operations, including weather and sea conditions forecast; tools to support mobility in congested areas and/or in critical situations, identification and definition of safety and security parameters in order to decrease the risk of fatal accidents (within the complexities of the shipping and port industries with their multiplicity of competing interests, maritime pilots, have a critical role in ensuring the safe navigation of vessels. They are responsible to protect the port facilities and the environment, ensure maritime safety and the continuity of trade. The risks associated to the pilot’s job are quite high and it is necessary to be able to assess them in order to take the proper actions to improve their work and at the same time to avoid maritime accidents); ICT and geo-location devices, augmented reality and virtual reality to improve the human's interactions with the ship and support onboard operations; sensor and communication systems vessel-to-infrastructure and vessel-to-client; integrated systems for the identification of goods in transit and tracking the movement of hazardous cargo; enhancement and integration of network infrastructure to support the commercial and tourist mobility; unmanned vehicles for monitoring and maintenance of marine structures; solutions for the integration of production processes; modular and reconfigurable architectures for transportation, including interior of vehicles. Security of the vessel (diagnostic vessels systems), passengers, environment: emergency and ship evacuation management methodologies for the prediction of residual structural integrity, buoyancy, stability, energy deployment + Ability to navigate the ship in degraded conditions (safe return to port); validation of the benefits and the level of market acceptance of the solutions obtained; enhancing the attractiveness of the economy and 27 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARITIME TRANSPORT IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION maritime transport (including cruise tourism and recreational boats) to be used as a platform for ocean monitoring, cooperating for improved transport and logistics (reduce marine pollution and marine traffic trough sensitive areas), and improving the information exchange in terms of technology that could be required: [J] to achieve social and environments sustainability respecting environmental targets while pursuing the growth of coastal and nautical tourism (cruise and sailing); to take advantage of the opportunity offered by increased maritime transport for better spatial and temporal coverage of ocean measurement through new and cheap sensors and instrumentation mounted to vessels for measuring environmental conditions (also for supporting the needs of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive). C. [G] Data regarding air quality impact of ship (NOxs) emissions (especially in-port) and related port activities: [J] to manage mutual feedbacks between harbors as important source of economic development for coastal areas and ship emissions as source of pollution with impact on climate and health. Benchmarking the results of different environmental indicators among EU ports will help to improve the environmental quality in harbors. D. [G] Improve maritime surveillance capabilities with detection (and persistent R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION tourism of the country; improvement of the wealth of knowledge and skills for maintaining the global competitiveness of the industry sector: [J] maintaining the technology leadership of Europe, to improve: the environmental performance also by fuel consumption monitoring, reducing CO2 and other air/water emissions and the dependence on fossil fuels; the energy efficiency; the port efficiency and mobility, reducing (harbor city) traffic congestion and air pollution; the comfort on board; guarantee the safety of cargo and passengers during navigation, also supporting the decision making process in emergency situation onboard ships (towards 'zero' accidents). B. [N/O] Research on envelopes of operational and policy measures and practices can provide a sustainable framework for shipping (e.g. exploring whether the Med basin (or parts of it) can be turned into an Emissions Control Area (ECA)), developing a quantifiable model for sustainability for maritime transport: [J] impact on the shipping community, the ports, the refineries and fuel providers, the local residents by improving the wealth of knowledge and skills for maintaining the competitiveness throughout the value chain, through demonstrators / 'test site' to validate the solutions obtained, and new solutions for product / process / service candidates for subsequent industrialization, with the objective of achieve environmental targets and strategies (i.e. Europa2020 Transport White Paper). C. [N/O] Develop state-of-the-art integrated methodologies to measure and evaluate, at trans-national level, the impact of ship and harbors on air on a comparable way in different Med harbors/areas through trans-boundary collaboration: [J] to have a reliable and comparable methodology for the different harbors to plan common transnational mitigation strategies, future actions for environmental management of harbors (MSP), and to collect reference datasets to evaluate the effects of mitigation strategies, new regulations/laws and voluntary agreements. Environmental indicators are essential elements of any environmental management system. Initiatives from ECOPORTS and ESPO have been taken to benchmark the environmental priorities among ports. Now it is time to get data from the ports and be able to gather and compare environmental indicators. D. [N/O] Exploit the research on: improvement of fully automatic ship detection (and classification) software to use on the satellite SAR images, in particular for Copernicus’ Sentinel-1; data fusion of different layers of information coming from different sources 28 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARITIME TRANSPORT IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION monitoring) of (non-cooperative) small boats: [J] These small boats are key targets in particular for illegal activities related to border control such as for the smuggling of migrants and goods. The current crisis of irregular migrants crossing the Med from Africa is being tackled by ships at sea supported by airborne surveillance, with UAVs constituting a powerful tool – satellite observation playing hardly any role. R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION and the development of intent characterisation and abnormal behaviour detection systems to automatically identify targets to be further analysed; further development of sensors to detect and monitor non-cooperative targets, including independent verification of position reports by analysing the radio frequency signal of the reports; development of platforms, in particular Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS/UAVs) and aerostats, in order to achieve more persistent monitoring away from the EU coast which is needed to timely recognise threats: [J] A significant amount of R&D to improve maritime surveillance capabilities was funded under FP7 (Security and Space themes, led by DG ENTR, e.g. PERSEUS Project) and by ESA. Much of this focussed on improving integration of various sensors and other data, bridging the gap between (satellite) collected data and real user requirements, and building up operational services. JRC has played an important role in designing a Concept of Operations for the use of satellites for maritime border surveillance, and will continue this work with a focus on the Sentinel-1 specificity. Note: Inputs received from the Waterborne to be taken into account in the vision document. To be kept in mind: the key theme of the next European Maritime Day will focus on port, cities, and coasts. About shipping and research, one of the main problem concern ports. Looking at the land, the spatial planning is an issue of interest (to possibly consult shipbuilders, CLEA). 29 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MSP-ICZM MSP-ICZM including links with observing systems and information technology IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] Information about relevant socio-economic sea-based activities (e.g. oil and gas, fisheries, shipping, tourism) together with detailed knowledge of marine ecosystems, including offshore environment, vulnerable ecosystems, archaeological remains, etc. is also relevant, as well as the identification of risks on environmental processes and biodiversity: [J] to give more practical instruments and support to Public Authorities in order to accomplish EU Directive “Establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning” in connection with the implementation of the ICZM Protocol, within the Barcelona Convention. B. [G] Knowledge on coastal ecosystems; evaluation of cumulative impacts of coastal and marine uses and their related pressures on the marine ecosystems, to practically support the implementation of the Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) principle developing an aware planning (including climate changes at local scales) in coastal areas and maritime activity sectors: [J] to pursue in line with the overarching principle of EU and International policies on water resources, the marine environment and their uses - the strategy for an integrated management of land, water and living resources that provides sustainable delivery of ecosystem services (through affordable observational networks) in an equitable way, where human population and economic/social systems are seen as integral parts of the ecosystem, including ICZM diagnostics and projections at local scales (coastal counties and cities), coastal risks prevention, coastal and marine environment protection, avoidance or mitigation of conflicts in maritime activities. C. [G] Common and evolved frameworks integrating ICZM and MSP, with access to data and data integration and R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Exploitation of sea resources harmonized within an ecosystem framework: renewable energy, fisheries and aquaculture, environmental protection of marine reserves, sediment extraction, CO2 stocking, filling and restocking the shoreline, cable, pipeline and platform installation, artificial islands, tourism and recreation activities, production of fossil fuel power, ports, navigation, logistics, scientific research, etc. (pressures and impacts from these activities to be estimated and evaluated): [J] EU Roadmap Communication identifies MSP as a tool which has the potential to deal with a number of issues related to sustainable use of the seas but coordinated coastal and maritime spatial planning activities at Member States level are few. B. [N/O] Support EBM implementation including integrated solution in coastal and maritime space planning and management by developing transnational methodology and through: improved knowledge of ecosystems status and functioning; conceptual and operational schemes to combine and rank pressures and impacts, taking into account the social and economic dimension; new technologies and systems affordably enabling an increase in the spatio-temporal resolution of in-situ coastal observations together with a harmonized European Spatial Data Infrastructure. Idea of interest: identification of pilot areas where the intensity of information could be higher in order to achieve the ICZM: [J] to respond to research challenges on this topic, promoting the integration between the marine and maritime world and articulating sectorial R&I and policies, e.g. coordinating civil protection plans and coastal marine contingency plans, with particular regard to the coastal marine ecosystem that are especially sensitive to anthropogenic impact (IPCC report, 2014); to establish good practices and implement common marine European policies to recover coastal marine ecosystem, quantify risk and improve resilience of European society, and also solve conflicting activities. C. [N/O] Technologies for data management and integration with capitalization on previous research projects and transfer of data acquired and tools developed and tested (e.g. maps, remote sensing, model 30 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MSP-ICZM IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION management to support decision-making, and international standards on digital object identifiers, development of GIS-based tools to map activities and their interactions; use of social sciences to study coastal populations perceptions regarding coastal issues, integrating seashore and sea users into coastal governance: [J] to fully implement EU and International policies (e.g. ICZM Protocol under Barcelona Convention and new EU Directive on MSP, but also related policies and Directives, such as MFSD, WFD, H&B Directive, CFP, Blue Growth, ESIF, etc.), through data ready to use for planning and management at the different geographical scales, and through integrated, effectively used and maintained tools to assist decisions, providing quality assurance and quality control; to prevent conflicts and favor the coexistence of multiple activities, to favor the development of marine protected areas. Focus on [G] Knowledge about the input (volume, composition) of Groundwater groundwaters into the sea at all depths: [J] potential a large source of water, nutrients and contaminants R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION outputs, etc.); development of tools to support knowledge sharing, networking, capacity building, and of common frameworks, using crosssectorial and multi / trans-disciplinary approaches at a transnational scale; research on governance and management processes in support to policies; promotion of permanent research networks, directly linked with administrators and key stakeholders as well as of methods for including the interlink data - publication in metadata: [J] to support knowledge based society promoting science to policy transfer with the proper knowledge and tools (e.g. those for assessment and diagnosis like models, indicators, stakeholder involvement, etc.) required by planning and adaptive management process, integrating for instance the natural and the social dimension. [N/O] Measuring the Submarine Groundwater inputs and the biogeochemical composition: [J] to understand the nutrient and contaminant cycling. Notes: include ‘from land (-littoral-coasts) to the open and deep sea’ to stress the link between the marine and the land part; a focus on coastal ecosystems (related also to the area ‘cc&impacts’) to be also taken on board; pay attention to links with 'Marine Hazard'. 31 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] Complete studies already undertaken (e.g. with a focus on Italy but also in the Eastern Mediterranean e.g. Ayat: Wave power atlas of Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Seas, Energy 2013 (54) 251-262) and possible further mapping of all ocean renewable energy resources, from the identification and study of areas with potential as energy source (in terms of wind, wave, currents and their over threshold persistence) to the discovery of new energy renewable sources, including unconventional renewable energies like geothermal sources, and studies on ocean thermal energy and artificial upwelling working in connection with industry, in order to implement renewable sources at sea (wind, currents, wind/wave plants combination, etc.) and define the way that new technologies could help getting the energy without destroying the marine environment (as wind farms normally require shallow waters although floating wind farms might overcome this restriction and wind fields that could be used are almost in high biodiversity places) and possibly find solution for off shore farms (as tourism and energy are competing for the same space): [J] renewable energy sources importance with respect to traditional sources is recognized, therefore it is important to objectively map ocean renewable resources potential at the basin scale, to see if they are exploitable with the present level of technology and allow a more efficient planning of the needed infrastructures; valorization of the Mediterranean Sea for its potential as a geothermal energy source in the high, medium and low enthalpy ranges. B. [G] New and innovation technologies: improving predictability of energy output, with more knowledge at the sea testing stage for a given climatic condition, and developing tools to help enhance the understanding of turbulence and its contribution to component fatigue; increasing affordability through innovation and cost reduction; moving from first scale prototype to commercial R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Applications of MSP, monitoring selected suitable sites, better characterizing available ocean resource and including studies on biodiversity: [J] to properly evaluate exploitation possibilities, locating strong waves and marking currents (especially currents systems that are reported to flow in the coastline vicinity of the southern European countries) finally making the Med a competitive site for testing and a lab for new integrated multi-purposes concepts. B. [N/O] Development and application of new technologies (and improvement of those actually under study), especially for waves and currents: devices (whose design relies on the knowledge of the wave climate) and demonstrators for extracting, harvesting, and use (hydrokinetic) energy from the marine environment (currents, waves, tides, thermal, etc.), also in combination with offshore wind energy; biorefinery processes; and forecast system of the energy resource: [J] strong industry involvement and cutting edge research, e.g. to overcome engineering problems regarding the survivability of the components and the optimization of the installation, in order to make this resources more economical competitive (also considering limited biomass availability and land unusable for agriculture in the Med Area), and to improve the predictability of energy output. Tidal and wave energy developers are active in Cyprus, Greece and Italy. Global trends indicate that wave and tidal developers are looking at developing small scale devices which could find application, if cost-effective, also in Mediterranean waters. C. [N/O] Improve efficiency (also in terms of effective range), widen the potential farm areas (floating devices for open sea etc), including test and monitoring sites on sea, optimize the power grid charge (both temporally and geographically) with 32 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION production, to demonstrate the manufacturability of optimised component and system designs and the use of alternative new materials as substitutes for steel; build deep water supporting structures for offshore wind turbines: [J] to start-up a really new dedicate (e.g. wave climate in the MED presents characteristics different from those of the main oceans, so there is a need for energy converters specifically designed or to evaluate the cost and feasibility to construct deep-structure-wind-turbines) economic sector, since most ocean energy technologies are under demonstration/precommercial stage/have a limited number of applications and costs can be very high in the start-up phase, also due to the fact that different areas of resource availability may require different technical solutions, that are not exportable everywhere. C. [G] Technical issues: further numerical simulations at small scales for a proper design of energy converters and identification of their effects on the marine environment; monitoring of energy converter; accurate forecasting system to couple converters to the national grid; Wave Energy Converters (WECs) development: [J] huge potential to develop the production of high value-added products, considering that a sensible part of the EC electricity consumption can be covered by wave power, if delivered via an efficient power grid, justifying the importance to establish feasibility of extracting energy from waves in territorial waters and to individuate the investment strategy for exploitation. [Note: this is partly addressed already in H2020 calls and also in EERA/OCEANERA-NET] D. [G] Focus on offshore marine installations: safety, security, fire and marine pollution, waste management and human factor: [J] to complement H2020 and other EU programs. R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION an advantage on the management, promote widely applied protocols (see EC funded EQUIMAR Project) and standards to select the optimal site for WECs, develop an integrated decision tool to select the optimal sites, fulfill energy requirements: [J] efficient and effective design, standardization of the procedures to evaluate converters and their impacts; effective energy distribution; market stimulation towards wave energy conversion, showing through case studies the reliability and economic benefit of WECs. [Note: JRC IET is contributing to the FP7 project DTOcean for optimisation of wave and tidal energy arrays (http://www.dtocean.eu/). IEC is working on the development of standards for grid connection of offshore energy (ENTSO-E)] D. [N/O] Focus on safer secures and clean offshore installations/devices reducing manufacturing, constructing and installation costs (e.g. moving from standalone device to hybrid systems embedded in other costal or offshore structure (offshore wind farms, offshore oil platforms, ports, costal defenses): [J] entail greater productive efficiency and deal with climate change while ensuring sustainability and resilience, possibly leading policy or legislation proposals at European and/or international (IMO) level. [An example of integration is a floating power plant called Poseidon which consists of offshore wind turbines that are mounted on a wave energy plant sharing common components, such as power connection and anchor system (Kallesøe et al., 2009). The OBREC (Vicinanza et al., 2014) new breakwater design should be capable of adding a revenue generation function to a breakwater while adding cost sharing benefits due to integration. The design can be applied in harbour expansions, existing breakwater maintenance or upgrades due to climate change for a relatively low cost considering the breakwater would be built regardless of the inclusion of a WEC.] 33 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OCEANS AND HUMAN HEALTH OCEANS AND HUMAN HEALTH including harmful marine organisms (gelatinous organisms, toxic algae, new pathogens) IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] Knowledge on: jellyfish lifecycles, swarm sizes and occurrence, connection with ecosystem functioning, occurrence of harmful algal blooms/pathogens, role of non indigenous species, impact of global changes: [J] major risk for human health. B. [G] Management of wastewater effluent (brine management): [J] adverse effects of brine producing diebacks across large areas in their vicinity. C. [G] Assessment of human-made pollution and their influence to living resources: [J] new human-made contaminants in marine food. D. [G] Development and support of an interdisciplinary and collaborative research, training, and policy program on Oceans and Human Health linking GES to human health and wellbeing: [J] critical issue as shown by the European Marine Board position paper on Oceans and Human Health. R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Combined effort of marine scientists and citizen science to better estimate the dimension of the events, and their role on the ecosystem functioning; development of adaptive monitoring strategies (airplane, acoustic) together with autonomous systems able to follow the swarms and the blooms (AUV, smart drifters); adoption of best practices to mitigate the adverse impact on economic activities (e.g. aquaculture and tourism); assessment of climate effects on the extreme events by modelling component: [J] to reduce the impact of the outbursts on economical activities and human health (150,000 people were treated for jellyfish stings around the Mediterranean each summer, manymillion euro worth economical losses reported by HAB impacts on aquaculture ). B. [N/O] Brine production avoidance/closing the loop of water in the desalination sector: [J] European Water Platform (WssTP) identifies the need for brine handling as a priority in Research and Development (R&D) for ensuring the creation of an efficient, coordinated and strong European water research area. C. [N/O] Assessing the rate of fish and shellfish contamination and of risks for human health: [J] to better know new contaminants brought in the oceans, especially in marine food production chains. D. [N/O] Integrated monitoring and interpretation of emerging risks and impacts on both ecosystems and human health and wellbeing (including climate change and extreme weather and geohazards on coasts, increasing salinity and water scarcity (flood but also heat waves in the Med), studies on the interactions between anthropogenic chemicals and ocean acidification, new harmful algal and jellyfish blooms, toxins, pathogens and resistance, cumulative effects of low level exposures to chemical mixtures and microbes in food chain and ecosystems, acute and chronic diseases on vulnerable populations): [J] new research questions (e.g. new evidence suggesting that environmental health has significant effects on both physical and mental human health), challenges, and promising business opportunities related to marine biotechnology, aquaculture, marine energy, sustainable tourism and recreation to be tackled through integrated approaches across disciplines and creating an interconnected community of researchers, trainees, policy makers and stakeholders (i.e. civil society); improved coastal ecosystems and water quality. Notes: projects of reference are PERSEUS, COCONET, BALMAS + there is a project running focusing on microbial resistance. 34 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY/OBSERVING SYSTEMS OPERATIONAL IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION OCEANOGRAPH Y/OBSERVING SYSTEMS R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION Strategies & Policy (to be based on the application of ecosystem planning, climate change mitigation, reaction against natural disasters, sustainable use of resources) [G] Specifically: multi-platform approach; environmental measures focused on the sea’s perspective (including the sediment compartment); integrated policy across Med; integrated interdisciplinary approach of the coastline management; economic and flexible systems for ocean monitoring from fixed and mobile platforms; coordination and improvement of operational observing systems; interoperability among different regional/national information systems: [J] to avoid fragmentation; to improve the status of certain components of the marine ecosystem; to support capacity building for GES through the MSFD; to build robust forecasting tools; to monitor large coastal areas; although EU Med states have set state of the art operational systems covering the whole Med, numerical forecasting models rely almost only on the satellite data in the southern parts for CAL VAL and assimilation; to guarantee through interoperability data flow from local to national to European level; evidence of majors impacts of global change that such systems can help analysis and forecast; to adequately force End to End marine models. [N/O] Coordinated research and innovation activities to continuously address scientific state of the art priorities, enhance technology development and respond to societal needs; development of innovative cost-effective coordinated approaches and technologies; establishment of Med coordinated and integrated effort for the definition of the needs; promote the use of common methodologies; promote a network of (coastal/hydrometeorological) observatories, marine strategies, marine spatial planning; capacity building towards MSFD (also in the non-EU states); establishment of key operational platforms in significant locations; standardisation of data and metadata model; implementation of common vocabularies: [J] to deliver the knowledge base supporting the understanding of the entire sea basins process; to underpin the full and open discovery and access to the ocean observations and facilitating the interoperable exchange of sea observation as promoted through GEO (Group on Earth Observation); to achieve efficient and sustained observations; to contribute to the development of marine environment knowledge and to foster maritime economy; to establish and transfer a system based on a minimum cost maximum effect principle. Observations (software) [G] Observational (spatial) gaps to enhance the forecasting capabilities, e.g. large areas with small or not at all observing capacity (e.g. along the African coasts and the Eastern Med); or observing system requirements not well identified: [J] sustainable exploration, exploitation and protection of the Med Sea; development of schemes for better coverage of basins where there are no ocean observations in cooperation with different institutions in different countries and sub-basins where gaps are present; to understand the role of important gyres (especially in the southern parts); to integrate where missing [N/O] To enhance the operational oceanography capacity optimising observing systems; develop and optimize Integrated Mediterranean Observing Systems based on existing infrastructures; link the ecosystem approach to new technologies for the observation of biological components of the marine environment and mapping the water column and sea bed: [J] better uniformity of available operating ocean systems at local, national and trans-national levels; indicators 35 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OPERATIONAL IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION OCEANOGRAPH Y/OBSERVING SYSTEMS Observations (hardware, including marine technology) R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION the information regarding the seasonal and inter-annual variability of by Marine Strategy Framework Directive. important processes, as well as real-time information regarding the marine environmental conditions, in order to positively affect the skill of the existing basin-scale forecasting products (e.g. the Copernicus MCS Mediterranean hydrodynamic forecasting service); to organise a coherent ecosystem approach. A. [G] Integration of existing multi-platform observatories (Lagrangian and A. [N/O] Homogeneous observation of the different Eulerian) into a global Med observing system for regional scale monitoring compartments of the marine system (physical, of the essential ocean variables and for recording a variety of parameters biogeochemical, biological); network optimization (e.g. in different space and time scales including the sediment compartment; development of open ocean and coastal observatories); new in-situ observing system to support an adequate forecasting system sharing/pooling of resources to monitor parameters (also considering that a large amount of satellite data are not thoroughly needed for the MSFD; tools development (e.g. marine validated with in situ measurements); integrated long term ecological governance, integrated forecasting); integrated and observation (marine LTER); integration of the biological dimension into coordinated use of several operational oceanography these multi-platform observing systems; coastline observatories coupled platforms (seafloor stations, moorings, profilers, ferry with interdisciplinary approach of the coastline management; expansion of boxes, gliders, ships of opportunity); improvement of the large scale monitoring, including deep sea and coastal areas (where observing system related to the coastal zone & open sea resolution shall be increased); observing system (based on robots, and needs both on the air-sea interface (coastal radar, images) for fishery; electronic solution for logging, where a significant stereoscopic systems, etc.) and at the bottom (sediment portion of the required data is logged automatically, in virtual traps, high resolution bathymetric surveys etc.), e.g. by communication with the vessel’s state; new tools to increase the mean of X-band radar devices; development/use of smart occurrence/frequency of the observations: [J] strong N/S and W/E technologies (sensors and platforms) to collect biological differences and gaps; poor spatial integration with large areas uncovered data and images in the water column and seabed, and to (geographical gap); new ocean observation technologies enabling reducing detect noise and introduction of energy in operational way; the costs of in-situ ocean observation allow to achieve adequate development of adaptive sampling strategies; increment integration of coastal and offshore observations; poor disciplines’ and optimize use of the collected data; link to international integration with very different objectives and parameters observation; initiatives (e.g. Global Ocean Observing System, Global integration of activities and coherent data collection (in particular for Ocean Sea Level); developing new tools/sensors for fisheries); creation of a robust forecasting tools; support the data observing contaminants and carbon at a high frequency in assimilation procedures; development of downstream services (such as the coastal ocean; taking advantage of existing offshore search and rescue, pollution hazard, oil spill, aggregated index chart for marine platforms, through proper agreements with 36 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OPERATIONAL IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION OCEANOGRAPH Y/OBSERVING SYSTEMS R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION marine management decision making); near real time in situ data to analyse the status of the marine environment before run a forecast model; adequate resolution of the physical processes to assess sediment transport/coastal erosion, also in a climate change scenario; poor knowledge of processes occurring in the sediments (e.g. relevant to the stability of the large organic carbon sinks); to support Copernicus programme and a sustainable managing of the marine areas, to complement the Marine Core service with coastal data; to measure parameters in coastal region where short term variation and spikes of contamination are likely to happen near large cities, harbors, rivers mouths. B. [G] Completion of European Research Infrastructures including ESFRIs: [J] achievement of the full operational regime of long-term time series with permanent observation points. Focus on underwater robotics operating companies and adequate instrumentation of these platforms, and of citizen involvement actions: [J] networking is crucial for a consistent and global view relying on manual observations and greatly improved with automation; good relations with local stakeholders can favor the development of the integration of the observing systems; to coordinate the investments; to better resolution of the water column processes, production of better forecasting products, provision of higher quality services; to fill the existing gaps in observation of marine environment linked to Marine Strategy Framework Directive; to deal with emerging issues and threats; to support the policy-makers; to implement better oceanographic models using the data from the observatory systems and be an invaluable tool for model validation; to provide Marine Core and downstream services; to record contaminants and carbon at the natural level. B. [N/O] Use the right latest technology available for the deep sea: [J] to provide long-term time series with permanent observation points. [G] Autonomous devices and methodologies for the exploration, observation [N/O] Smart, affordable autonomous robotic systems for and in-situ analysis of deep (down to 4000m) benthic ecosystems + smart exploring and working close to the bottom at large depths autonomous platforms (profilers, gliders, …); specific systems for exploration (ecosystems, cultural heritage, …); development of forceof the Marine Cultural Heritage with dexterous manipulation capabilities: [J] to feedback arms and systems for large depths; smart, affordable ensure a systematic exploration and further study of benthic ecosystems, in autonomous profilers and (hybrid) gliders suitable for the particular accurate collection of samples and smart underwater systems, to whole range of depths; 'service oriented' payloads suitable for improve marine archaeology at large depths where exploration, and dexterous the different sectors of activities; creation of an infrastructure manipulation are mandatory; to explore and monitor the whole water column to share specialized research vessels and underwater robotic up to 4000m for a wide range a marine services (Research, MSFD, Oil and gas systems: [J] exploration, monitoring, and sustained exploitation industry, deep sea mining, …). of water column and bottom resources recognized as a large potential source of growth in the marine economy, including 37 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OPERATIONAL IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION OCEANOGRAPH Y/OBSERVING SYSTEMS R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION Focus on [G] Consider the biogeochemical component of the ocean and use multibiogeochemist platforms generalized approaches for biogeochemical observations: [J] efforts ry coordination (from in-situ observation systems to remote sensing) at basin scale level to understand the water column processes. [N/O] Increase biogeochemical parameters measurements through both Eulerian (moorings) and Lagrangian platforms (argo floats, gliders); development and implementation of adhoc methods to include the biogeochemical component; contribution to the new GOOS SC initiative: [J] to provide a substantial help in the linking of the different water column processes and give a clear picture of the long-term effects of the climate change in the marine environment as well as a solid background for the evaluation and further development of the existing ecosystem numerical model. Focus on data [G] Autonomous platform for data collection, requiring collaboration with (collection and developers to include sensors in the platform and uniformity of data and lack use) of a previous database: [J] to support Operational Oceanography and any operational observing system (monitoring activities); to compare data consistently and well organized. [N/O] Link to international initiative on observations (e.g. Global Ocean Observing System): [J] to support the monitoring needs in EU directives. the preservation of the maritime cultural heritage as the Med is known as the largest "underwater museum" in the world (framework condition: the present Copernicus marine monitoring service offers a perfect context for an efficient and affordable exploitation of such systems). Notes: (i) EMODNet should be a portal of portals. (ii) Concerning technologies: extract some Med specificities to orient for example the underwater technologies. Deep sea ecosystems, brines, SMEs will benefit of this. The same comment applies to ICT. (iii) Concerning OO for fishery: look at the JPI pilot action on this and to virtuous experiences like IOC in Spain, they fish overnight and they have data the day after (rely on EMODNET). 38 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLICY RESEARCH SOCIOECONO IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION MIC & POLICY RESEARCH General issues A. [G] Augment the Ocean Literacy: [J] to promote the values of the Mediterranean. B. [G] Large-scale integrating projects dedicated to international cooperation partner countries (e.g. FP7 SICA instrument) and multilevel decision-making processes: [J] to develop a network for unified strategy in decision processes reaching all relevant stakeholders among SMEs & BE. C. [G] Focus areas: Observing system and models to evaluate public acceptance of the running policies and to support future policy orientation; better communication strategies and tools about the results achieved from WFD and MSFD measurements, in order to involve public opinion in the efforts for achieving the GES; more accurate socio-economic models taking into due consideration the climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and interventions; dedicated ICT tools for sustainable tourism; tools and indicators to evaluate MSP-ICZM implementation and its effect on socio-economic activities and environmental status; local governance on waste management and marine litter production/avoidance; further elements/tools/models for promotion and networking of small production/local sea-related products; identification, evaluation, and where possible quantification of ecosystem services; links between ecosystem functions and services; use of ecosystem services for communicational / participative / concertative purposes: [J] organization of a coherent ecosystem approach with more consideration of the socio-economy component; more accurate models for integrating the mitigation/adaptation to climate changes at sub-basin and local levels, in order to support local administration decision; avoidance of human impact on natural/delicate coastal and marine areas; common strategy for all phases of waste management (marine litter in particular) (generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition); R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Dissemination activities: [J] towards a road show in the MED (with a look to the outcomes of the marine related event of ‘Città della Scienza’ of Naples on Science in Society). B. [N/O] Research in support of sustainability of policies at all levels; new instruments to promote a better awareness of the Regional administrations ( i.e. NUTS 2 level) and of mid-size stakeholders on the potential of a sustainable exploitation of the marine environment resources –Blue Growth (also for bridging with structural funds managed by Regions); opportunities of involving different stakeholders and to link international initiatives: [J] A further support to the downstream towards local administrations and general public of Marine Spatial Planning and Marine Strategy Framework Directives’ concepts, indications and rules is felt as necessary. C. [N/O] Focus areas: implementation of the MSFD needs new socioeconomic and policy research integrating climate change component and a further downstream to the local level administration; smart technologies for environmental and human wellness related with knowledge based society ("your wellness not because you’re lucky, but because you're wiser, smarter") that can improve management issues and overcoming fragmentation also in tourism exploitation; reversing costal rural/small island abandonment; innovative technologies able to allow accessibility in delicate coastal and marine areas while controlling/reducing the ecological footprint of human presence: [J] better knowledge and improved socioeconomic and policy sustainability models, also in the perspective of changing climate; smart citizens; (support to) EU Directives/Policies; downstream and ecosystem services (e.g. water purification, flood protection, pollination). D. [N/O] Development of common agendas (in many fields like 39 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 SOCIOECONO IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION MIC & POLICY RESEARCH support to the Common Fishery Policy in a proper evaluation of the social value of small scale and traditional fishery, especially in small, isolated or peripheral communities; help to local communities and loss avoidance of cultural traditions. D. [G] International Strategy and Cooperation for Research and Innovation; lack of R&D collaborations between research institutes and SMEs from Europe with their counterparts in non EU countries: [J] to tackle a strategic approach to reduce fragmentation and science gaps; to overcome limitations in the R&D topics that can be addressed together and subsequent limitations in the market for SMEs. [note: OK, as further step since initially the BLUE MED strategy is limited to member states of MED area] E. [G] More appropriate definition of indicators for some descriptors of GES in the MED area: [J] implementation process of the MSFD (long term, second round) and ECAP (Barcelona Convention). Social inclusivity (as part of the bioeconomy) A. [G] Social groups excluded or at risk of exclusion: [J] to create environments under the universal design of accessibility for people with reduced mobility, establishment of centers of employment for people with disabilities within the aquaculture sector, promotion of networks of exchange and cooperation as to strengthen the presence of special centers in the market. R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION ecology, "coastline", marine management …); need for adequate collaboration schemes to favour partnerships between research institutes and SMEs all around the Mediterranean to jointly address R&D questions and to create a class of innovative actors in a transnational Mediterranean context.: [J] to promote at the global Mediterranean level a "Blue Growth" research agenda, building a Mediterranean research community able to jointly address the key research challenges the Mediterranean countries are facing; existing bilateral high level agreements between EU and non EU countries as well as an emerging networking culture for research area in the non EU countries; existing EU regional clusters with strong relations with their non EU counterparts.. E. [N/O] Projects and coordination of activities: [J] to implement actions to develop the scientific knowledge needed to define suitable indicators and criteria for standards of GES. A. [N/O] Tasks, occupational areas, in the field of aquaculture with the objective of integration of people with disabilities within the sector innovations: [J] to cope with a complex socioeconomic problem through an integrative perspective, by involving all stakeholders, applying criteria of corporate social responsibility while addressing the welfare and social development in a Europe of citizens with added value like technological assistance, knowledge transfer, training. Note: this section is felt to be further enlarged by specific contribution of scientists in social and economy disciplines; migration and gender issues to be considered as part of social inclusivity. 40 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 TOURISM TOURISM IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION Coastal and Maritime Tourism [G] Science based approaches to address the coastal and maritime tourism planning, its environmental and societal impacts and maritime cultural goods + innovative technology solutions with respect to the design and the operations of leisure boats and cruise vessels (e.g. in waste streams): [J] to overcome the poor integration in coupled environmental/societal research for the touristic industry; to achieve an adequate protection of the environment, e.g. considering the increase of cruise tourism (in numbers of passengers, cruise vessels and port calls), and the fact that cruise ships are continuously getting larger in size and capacity with plans for vessels up to a capacity of 10,000 people onboard (= small floating town producing significant volumes of pollutants and wastes with major threats to the marine, aerial and littoral environment); very high density of leisure boats, representing a relevant economic sector with many jobs, both in boat manufacturing and in services related to tourism (further development requires stricter safety and environmental standards and consequently technology innovation). [N/O] Sustainable tourism: inter-disciplinary research across the key knowledge areas, i.e. environment & tourism opportunities, including cultural heritage valorisation; technology innovation both in big cruise ships and in leisure boats, as well as in related services; dedicated maritime application for use of EGNOS/GALILEO navigation services: [J] big touristic operators to implement a sustainable development strategy (framework condition: existing ECLAT network ); navigation safety issues and environmental protection strongly require fast innovation in control/alert systems and in propulsion/navigation technologies, as well as in the related services. This would support a “blue growth” also of the manufacture industry, presently leaded by EU companies. Cultural heritage / Submarine Archaeology [G] Systematic, targeted surveys to map the submerged cultural heritage (e.g. deep- and shallow ancient shipwrecks) and common strategy to explore, protect and publicize the marine heritage: [J] to unveil the submerged remains of the prehistoric maritime activity; and at the same time to preserve and promote the outstanding heritage of the Med (to be considered: the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage commits the Coastal state in its EEZ). [N/O] Development of an international program to map, explore and protect this underwater heritage; multidisciplinary approach and collaboration between oceanographic and archaeological institutions; training of a new generation of scientists able to move across scientific boundaries: [J] preservation and exploitation, especially at large depth can be achieved only with adequate shared research infrastructures. Coastal tourism can benefit of such an effort through dedicated museums. Creation of a competitive European sector to compete with the present US one. [Note: Unveiling the submerged EU Heritage itself should be stressed. Not only linked to tourism but also to new technologies. To be take into account: JPI pilot action on CC&Cultural Heritage + 2 FP7 projects on submerge cultural heritage + DG MARE is launching a study on this + Marine Board Studying Group preparing a report]. 41 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 TOURISM IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION Focus on shipwrecks Depiction, characterization and census of shipwrecks on the Mediterranean Seas. Due to the intense maritime traffic and the historical heritage, The Med hosts an uncountable number of shipwrecks that especially in deep water still needs to be identified and characterized. [J] Cultural heritage subjects (including piracy avoidance), possible pollution sources (including possible voluntary sinking of high-level pollutants), possible tourism or media exploitation of data, safety of seafloor infrastructures (cables and pipelines). [N/O] Use of high-resolution surveying tools (multibeam, ROV, AUV) and exploitation of large-scale seabed mapping databases. Specific methods to differentiate noise and wreck geophysical signature, Historical researches to identify and characterize ancient remains, creation of specific Mediterranean-scale databases. 42 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 TRAINING & TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TRAINING & TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IDENTIFIED GAPS AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [G] Integration of research activities over the Med, through training schemes which include short-term secondment of staff between research organizations, and mobility: [J] to widen the knowledge and creating new research networks. B. [G] New professional with an open-mind interdisciplinary approach/holistic scientists capable of communicating among the various fields, able also to sustain industries (especially SMEs) in realising new high-tech products: [J] to increment high-professional employees, and to give new chance of market penetration to industries. C. [G] International coordination of land-and-sea networks (including geophysical): [J] to improve data acquisition and sharing management for both research and forecasting/warning systems. D. [G] Focus area: renewed knowledge on marine biodiversity: [J] to train new marine scientists with holistic visions based on ecosystem. R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AND RELATED JUSTIFICATION A. [N/O] Developing training and technology transfer schemes for harmonized development of the Mediterranean BG community, including technology transfer distribution from large players towards “weaker” institutions though different schemes of use of new equipment or similar: [J] to better integrate research organizations, and achieve higher mobility and competences of researchers, particularly early researchers. B. [N/O] Link strictly the research and innovation, and the industrial worlds: [J] to increment jobs and the GDP. C. [N/O] Better coordination and integration of seismologic, geodetic, mareographic, tsunami observing networks: [J] European Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) EMSO context. D. [G] Focus area: common training for EU marine scientists/engineers/technicians with the institution of European master and graduate courses; develop training and education programmes to prevent the loss of expertise in taxonomy while increasing the skills and knowledge of researchers on biodiversity, in combination with new tools (e.g. genetics, omics) and other multidisciplinary tools (e. g modelling): [J] pursue the cohesion in the scientific community. 43 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 REGIONAL AND NATIONAL BOUNDARY/FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS FOR THE R&I NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION (INCLUDING POSSIBLE DRIVERS SUPPORTING THEIR IMPLEMENTATION) The inputs on the framework condition have been grouped in thematic areas, and the ‘R&I needs and opportunities’ are listed according to common issues tackled. 44 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BIODIVERSITY (INCLUDING BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS) R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) Lack of knowledge on biodiversity. Mediterranean sea is a well known hot spot of biodiversity, but still the lack of knowledge on the distribution of species, habitats and assemblages biodiversity and ecosystem services of biodiversity in Mediterranean sea is very important. Training on GIS tools to support spatial analyses on biodiversity. The MERMEX and BIODIVMEX programs in the MISTRALS umbrella program GIS Posidonie Barcellona convention, Habitat Directive, MSFD Identifying and developing of biological Public R&I Partners: indicators for long-term monitoring of Universities NGOs, Local biodiversity; application of biodiversity Authorities. indicators, under ECAP. Assessment of GES still uncertain at MED level. Training of taxonomists is needed. New ways of taxonomy (e.g. genetic barcoding) to help. Participatory approach from citizens involvement (e.g. jellywatch, litter, yachting, etc.) ECAP (UNEP/MAP), MSFD, European strategies, National strategies, Regional strategies in PACA & LR Assessing ecosystem changes due to MFSD, National strategies, R&I Institutes, AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS ANR and CNRS FRB LIFEWATCH in place +RI of R&I Institutes, ECIMA, BAMMBO (FP7). Projects labelled by Pôle Mer Méditerranée)on Biodiversity Indicators and the development of added value: -better identification of chemical markers - indicators for natural or man-made environmental disasters -development of value in marine chemo diversity. -access to vast stores of high added value molecules. LIFEWATCH - E-Science In some regions in Greece they have put a "wish" to have higher biodiversity…. No funds are foreseen+ EU Structural&Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundation, ANR French Agency for Research) .(specific french regional research call) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT Results from MERMEX, BIODIVMEX and other similar projects C O U N T R Y BAMMBO F R + G R + H R EU Structural&Cohesion F R G 45 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BIODIVERSITY (INCLUDING BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS) R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS biological invasions studying the impacts in given areas of the invasive species addressing the importance of problems deriving from the introduction of alien species. Research is needed on a combination of studies including molecular techniques and traditional monitoring of invasive species with a view to identify the origin of the latter. Universities (Public: Good and experienced scientists in several universities and HCMR. In Naples, Marine Zoological Station "Anthon Dohrn" and Harbour Office staff provide invaluable help in the field), Authorities, NGOs, Marine ocanological station in Villefranche sur mer & Banyuls(CNRS+UPMC),O SU Pytheas/MOI, Marbec(CNRS/Ifremer/IR D/Université de Montpellier) European Strategies. With reference to MSFD: alien species are considered as one of the descriptor to be used in the monitoring programs aiming to the achievement of the Good Environmental State (GES) within 2020. National Policies are mainly the adoption of EU policies; there is no specific legislation for alien species (only the rules about the introduction of alien species for aquaculture purposes - CE 708/2007 present to date). Moreover, a pending ordinary legislative procedure about the regulation of the management of alien species submitted (COD 2013/0307) and is awaiting the Commission decision. In Italy, there are no definite rules about this. European Infrastructure for Biodiversity and Ecosystem ResearchAlien species showcase; Infrastructure of R&I Institutes Funds. No national funds. Some regional funds for small and much focused studies, e.g. Croatian Science Foundation Mapping and managing coastal sea ecosystems and their relationship to the environmental changes and multiple stressors. Introducing the use of GIS R&I Institutes, MSFD, ECAP, EU Integrated Universities, Authorities, Maritime Policy Environmental Agencies, AVITEM Infrastructure of R&I Institutes EU Structural &Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundation AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y R + I T + H R I T + F 46 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BIODIVERSITY (INCLUDING BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS) R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS Partnerships of project M3-HABs (ENPI CBCMED): Italy, France, Lebanon and Tunisia, Pole Mer Méditerranée RAMOGE (FR, IT, Monaco) CIESM citizen science initiative JellyWatch Program aims at monitoring jellyfish blooms along Mediterranean coasts and in the open sea. AQUAMAR (FP7 Space) downstream services in the field of marine water quality using observations from from GMES. Some projects were funded by EU and Crossborder Programs. R&I Projects PERSEUS and COCONET marginally touched the jellyfish problem. IPA_ADRIATIC BALMAS project is considering the risk of non indigenous species introduced in a limited number of Adriatic ports + Euromarine Consortium + JELLY WATCH (PACA Regional funds) understanding and forecasting the mass arrival of the Pelagia noctiluca jellyfish in the coastal waters of the Paca region. within Marine Protected Areas Harmful marine organisms: gelatinous organisms, toxic algae, new pathogens AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y R I T + F R 47 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 BLUE BIOTECHNOLOGY R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS Biotechnologies from marine algae, bacteria and macro-organisms for producing biofuel, cosmetics, drugs, fine chemicals and materials. Pôle Mer Méditerranée AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I AND NATIONAL POLICIES (INCENTIVES, INFRASTRUCTURES REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) Genomics platforms for identifying strains and extracting the more relevant information from the genome + EMBRC-FR AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT ANR FUI, regional funding availability of surfaces suitable for producing algal biomass C O U N TR Y FR 48 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 CLIMATE CHANGE & IMPACTS R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK S, ETC) Lack of knowledge on Active public and No specific past, present and future private entities in frame. Policies sea level rise (climate and France and existing and results ground motion partnerships (e.g. may be found. contributions) and related Un. Baleares, etc.) But the risks and adaptation of + The HYMEX and application of policies to sea level rise as MERMEX programs policies is not well as of (potential in the MISTRALS implemented. changes of) thermohaline umbrella program circulation. Acidification: study the vulnerability of the coastal zone of the Mediterranean and future developments by climate change. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS In-situ and space monitoring capabilities are ANR and CNRS expanding (i.e. Sentinel 1, permanent GPS …) + The SOERE MOOSE observing systems in the North Western Mediterranean. (SOERE stands for Systèmes d’observation et d’expérimentation au long terme pour la recherche en environnement. They are supported by the Alliance for the Environment ALLENVI) + The minimum of national infrastructure exists, but projects have not been able to capitalise, especially on the impacts as they run for limited duration AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y Results from HYMEX, MERMEX and other similar projects + Past archives of Envisat + ERS is underused for this topic. Is started, the ESA project GEOMED2 should provide material F R + G R 49 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 CLIMATE CHANGE & IMPACTS R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS Downscaling modeling from the global scenarios IPCC to the regional seas of the Med + Assessing and projecting climate changes and impacts at local scales R&I Institutes, Universities, Authorities, NGOs AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK S, ETC) National strategies AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves in engaging their own infrastructures for the achievement of this objective EU Structural&Cohesion Funds, All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves to support in their own Regional Operative Programmes -ESI (European Structural Investment) this objective for the programming period 2014-2020; Croatian Science Foundation AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y I T + H R 50 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 DEEP SEA ECOSYSTEMS R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS Mapping and managing deep sea ecosystems and their relationship to the environmental changes. Biogeochemical cycle in the deep waters is unknown and should be studied. Microbial food web, carbon sequestration and particle deposition in the deep is not known. Deep corals have not been explored well especially in the deep Ionian waters. Fauna is even less described. The open-ocean and deep-sea circulation as a vector of human pressures and their impact on marine ecosystems AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILIT Y OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUC TURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS R&I Institutes, Universities, Not specific framework but Authorities, NGOs. Collaboration for for EMSO as part of the Deep water exists. Greece has been a national priorities member of EMSO and the conditions for Private partnerships is good but have not been explored in full. From Public there are a lot of collaboration for many of the issues mentioned. Ifremer, OOV(CNRS/UPMC) Infrastructur e of R&I Institutes + through EMSO and GR-EMSO EU Structural &Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundation Funds for research may come from other sources, like private companies. Need to be explored None EMSO ESFRI EC Structural Funds: infrastructur PAC EMSO-MedIT e contributes with continuous observations The Integrated Maritime Policies and the subsequent regulations (MSFD, CFP, MSP) asks (with different slants) for a better understanding of deep-sea ecosystem and reduce human impact for a sustainable exploitation of marine renewable resources. AVAILABILI TY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCE S TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y G R + H R + F R Deep-sea I stocks of T species of commercial interest. 51 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 DEEP SEA MINING, OIL AND GAS SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) Developing transnational safety procedures, capacities and services for safe mining and oil and gas exploitation (in Italy the exploration of the deep sea in the Mediterranean is increased in the last few years) Interest of the large national Not specific framework. oil companies and of the SME working on environmental protection in developing integrated strategies of bioremediation and clean up Authorities, Specialised Agencies, R&I Institutes, PMM AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT CO UN TR Y Autonomous and relocatable monitoring systems; Abyssea Centre for Deepwater Expertise and Trials based on the Ile du Levant (PACA) labeled by PMM to perform fullscale tests and demonstrations at a marginal cost based on underwater platforms installed at 1300m depth and 2400m depth (PF2) respectively; CORAL : Constructive Offshore Robotics “Alliance for the development of offshore underwater robotics: network organized on the European Centre for Underwater Technology (CETSM). Ifremer Méditerranée EU Structural & Cohesion Funds, PAC EMSO-MedIT, POR-Regione Siciliana MONSOON Croatian Science Foundation Sub–salt deep offshore geological provinces could provide important hydrocarbon discoveries in the future. Deep Sea hydrothermal systems are potential sites of polymetallic sulfide deposits with economic interest HR + IT + FR 52 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES Develop new projects to research importance of small scale fisheries and accompanying the evolution of small scale fisheries Sustainable development of aquaculture, i. e. integration of aquaculture systems in their environment + assessing and projecting fish stock changes and aquaculture capacities with respect to the changing environment LIVING MARINE RESOURCES (FISHERY, AQUACULTURE, ETC.) AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE AVAILABILITY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I REGIONAL AND PARTNERHIPS NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) In ES: MINECO & Spanish strategic for universities, public science and technology research organizations, and innovation FEAMP- 2014-2020 fixed R&D public and private in its priorities foundation and "strengthening the Technological Centers competitiveness of small vessels engaged in coastal fishing". The general management model promoted by the CFP, based on production (TAC) is rejected by fishermen. Need forms of regulation better suited to artisanal fisheries AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT Universities, Infrastructures of Universities, public research organizations, R&D public and private foundation and some Technological Centers. In FR IFREMER Spanish National Plan + Fonds FEDER, FEAMP, regional authorities Langedoc-Roussillon Spanish Universities, public research organizations, R&D public and private foundation and some Technological Centers R&I Institutes, Authorities, National strategies, Aquaculture Farmers. European strategies In FR: Partnership between institutes (INRA, IFREMER, IRD, CIRAD) and fish farmers in a GIS and partnership between Ifremer, universities and oyster producer organizations. Platform for experimental rearing and analyses on fish and molluscs in IFREMER + Infrastructure of R&I Institutes EU Structural & Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundation. In FR: FUI (SINGLE INTERMINISTERIAL FUND) , FEDER, REGIONAL AUTHORITIES from LANGUEDOC ROUSSILLON, PACA Oyster culture is a F traditional activity R in France + EU Projects: IDREEM and C O U N T R Y E S + F R H R 53 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 LIVING MARINE RESOURCES (FISHERY, AQUACULTURE, ETC.) R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE AVAILABILITY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I REGIONAL AND PARTNERHIPS NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) ResUrch (partnership including Norway, Ireland, Iceland, UK, Italy, Israel, Cyprus) Informed use of living resources DLTM associates are Link with Regional Fishery Ligurian Chambers of Commerce are working on these issues, Monitoring Organistations strongly committed in promoting Marbec(CNRS/IRD/IFreme/ (FAO, ICCAT, …) this kind of activities. university of Montpellier) Develop technologies to increase sustainability of aquaculture production R&I Institutes, Authorities, Aquaculture Farmers. EU Projects: IDREEM and ResUrch (partnership including Norway, Ireland, Iceland, UK, Italy, Israel, Cyprus), PMM National strategies, European strategies AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES Infrastructure of R&I Institutes, STELLA MARE (FEDER Corsica) :offshore platform for the sustainable management of Corsica’s coastal and fishery resources to reduce the dilapidation of resources and habitats, protect the fragile ecosystems and tackle the loss of biodiversity, to ensure the restoration of fisheries to an optimum level and ensure sustainable production, and develop Corsican coastal breeding species through the new production techniques of fish farming. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS EU Structural & Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundation AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y I T + F R H R + F R 54 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARINE HAZARDS R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS (i) Sea level rise and extreme events, and particularly observation of extreme events and the need to develop new tools and deploy/maintain new coastal stations. (ii) Submarine geohazards (iii) Further studies on the seismologic functioning of the Mediterranean basin (i) DLTM associates are working on these issues. (ii) Not yet developed at pan-Mediterranean scale. National coordination is in progress within RITMARE. Geosciences Azur(CNRS/IRD/Univesity of Nice) (i) MSFD (ii) In IT, the Italian Department of Civil Protection (DPC) has supported a national project for submarine geohazard assessment and dissemination to civilians for seismic and tsunamic hazards (i) DLTM has the technology for the development and installation of sensors. (ii) Regional infrastructures are available within EMSO and KM3NET ESFRIs. Not yet developed at panMediterranean scale EC Structural Funds: PAC EMSO-MedIT, PON KM3NETITALIA Lack of knowledge on underwater events The SOERE "Trait de + lack of understanding of the interaction Côte" between the different hazards (erosion/submersion, entrance of lagoons, …) Developing operational systems for Authorities, R&I forecasting of marine hazards from hourly Institutes, Members of to climate timescales PMM & Risk cluster National strategies, European Infrastructure of R&I strategies Institutes, Center for environmental & Risks monitoring in PACA Region(Thales Alenia Space) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N TR Y IT + FR FR EU Structural & Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundation H R + FR 55 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARINE POLLUTION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES Pollution from modern technologies, e.g. plastics, pharmaceuticals, nanopollutants, noise, e-wastes etc, and their effects on the marine environment, including ecosystem exposure to contaminants and their transfer in the food web to the resources. Impact of urban runoff of mega cities in the Mediterranean sea. Marine litter as a source of pollution, but the effects are hardly known. Very few studies on marine litter at National level, need to be increased to attain information on the impact. Documenting the rate of pollution by marine litter and assessing its consequences. Adequate management plans for accidental pollution. R&I Institutes, Authorities. Companies are now thinking about the research knowledge and how to use it in Greece. Not many collaboration at public level. Microplastic (FUI project labeled by Pole Mer Mediterranée) to identify sources of pollution and waste treatment of particules and micro fibers. Tosca European project(MED Program) prevent hydrocarbon marine pollution( University of Toulon, Ifremer, PMM, Premar and greek and Italian partners) UNEP/MAP Policies are in place. Barcelona Convention has been for long the main actor for producing policies in the region on marine pollution. National strategies, European strategies. Infrastructure of R&I Institutes Remediation of marine polluted sites Available public partners engaged within the Italian project Ritmare Italian policies regulating the Polluted Sites of National Relevance (SIN areas). [Within the Italian Flag Project RITMARE there is an ongoing study on the ecosystem functioning in severely impacted areas defined as Sites of National Interest]. None Need for brine production A very good example for certain areas Policies are lacking behind, but Water Platform has AVAILABIL ITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONA L R&I FUNDS EU Structural & Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundatio n AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT Research Not applicable project (the Italian RITMARE) by the end of 2016. C O U N T R Y G R + H R + F R IT G 56 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARINE POLLUTION R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES avoidance/closing the loop of water in the desalination sector under pressure of water shortage. Private-Public partnership is being developed…. the Horizon 2020-Depolluting started to operate at the Med, could help a lot on this national level. direction. AVAILABIL ITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONA L R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y R 57 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARITIME TRANSPORT R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTUR ES Research for an envelope of operational and policy measures and practices can provide a sustainable framework for shipping (and for all related actions) in the Mediterranean Sea. Exploring whether the Mediterranean basin (or parts of it) can be turned into an Emissions Control Area (ECA), developing a quantifiable model for sustainability for maritime transport can be significant pillars of this effort. Good part of both Public and private. Needs to be further explored. PMM Good support from national sources in terms of policies but not in research needs….. Regionally the Protocol from UNEP/MAP Concerning Cooperation in Preventing Pollution from Ships and, in Cases of Emergency, Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea. National Policy ship with the creation of CORICAN and creation of regional strategic naval committee Lot of Port Ships of the future (ADEME) Authorities have FUI good contacts with Universities and HCMR. Need to be further increased under a focus work to be done. Design for safety through Goal/Risk Based Design. Ship Design for reduced environmental impact (from chemical pollution to noise). Design ships and dredging-backflow systems more tailored on Mediterranean basin and sub-basins characteristic, more compatible with specific coastal bathymetric assets, eco-compatible with marine and sea bottom environment conditions and fauna RITMARE: the project COASTGAP signed a MoU with RITMARE in order to work together on this topic, PMM National Policy ship with the creation of CORICAN and creation of regional strategic naval committee All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves in engaging their own infrastructures for the achievement of this objective National liner companies Using maritime transport for better monitoring and Authorities, R&I prediction of ocean and ecosystem conditions Institutes, PMM IHO AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y G R + F R All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves to support in their own Regional Operative Programmes -ESI (European Structural Investment) this objective for the programming period 20142026. Ships of the future (ADEME), FUI I T + F R EU Structural&Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundation, H R 58 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MARITIME TRANSPORT R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS (Repcet project and Precym) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTUR ES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS FUI and regional fund AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y + F R 59 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MSP-ICZM R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS (i) Lack of knowledge on the wide range of interacting processes that shape the coast line in a microtidal sea (ii) Lack of knowledge about the input (volume, composition) of groundwater into the sea at all depths (i) The SOERE "Trait de Côte". OHM Littoral Méditerranéen (ii) Not enough European coordination on this topic which should be tackled at the European level Coastal and marine use and needs have to be identified. Conflicting activities need to be sorted out. Pressures and impacts from these activities need also to be estimated and evaluated together with the functioning of the coastal marine ecosystems. Pilot areas can be identified where the intensity of information could be higher in order to achieve the ICZM. MSP could help on this direction. Again the involvement of policy makers and other stakeholders should be done from the beginning. Many stakeholders for the coastal zone. Marine Spatial Planning has been recently in the scene. Local Authorities, Regions, Private companies, Associations, research institutes. MSP is a MUST, especially in places where there is a Many local and regional AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) (ii) No. National funds are available from MITRALS/MERMEX, but European cooperation is needed. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE S AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS (ii) Some effort has started on the French coastline using coastal ships, but extension is needed (i) ANR, ALLENVI (ii) Limited funds are available for a "proof of concept" from the French side, but more would be needed at the European level to fulfill the need for quantification AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT (i) Result from the SOERE "Trait de Côte3 and related projects At national level, the new law for the coastal zones will probably be delayed, as there is a strong position from many parts including the scientists…. No much support to this end. At regional level UNEP/MAP's activities are the most important( Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean, adopted on: 21 January 2008 (Madrid) Entry into force:24 March 2011) C O U N T R Y F R G R G 60 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MSP-ICZM R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS potential. Studies on biodiversity should also be carried there. New technologies, especially for wavers and currents have to be applied. Location of strong waves and currents should be marked. In addition, well-organized permanent current systems are reported to flow in the coastline vicinity of the southern European countries (Northcurrent at the coast of France / Evia-jet at the eastern coast of Greece / Adriatic current at the Italian Adriatic coast). These current systems apart from playing a crucial role in the local marine ecosystems as (for example) habitats of many fish species, they contain vast amounts of clean and predictable hydrokinetic ocean energy, in the very proximity of large European cities, that can potentially be harvested if appropriate energy-converting technology is utilized. R&I should look at developing them for the Mediterranean (e.g. small rated power). authorities and private companies could contribute. Ideal for such cooperation. Marine ecological restoration in degraded areas (shallow bottom waters) Active public and private entities in the French maritime regions (e.g. PMM) and existing partnership the neighbouring regions (Catalunya, Liguria) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE S AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS Increasing the marine ecosystems ecological functionality knowledge’s and develop coastal ecological engineering solutions to reach “a good ecological status” required in the MFSD. Centre for Research on Marine Ecosystems (CREM) to Port Barcarès Cefrem.univperp.fr Mediterranean coastal ecological engineering, emerging sector in a sustainable development is supported by the French Ministry in charge of Ecology, FUI, RMC Water Agency supported collaborative Life+ Sublimo AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y R F R 61 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MSP-ICZM R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES Integrated solution in coastal and maritime space planning and management + Integrated interdisciplinary approach of the coastline management, e.g. integrating climate changes in the ICZM methodology Foster an initiative with maritime Regions involvement (e.g. "Eurosion-Med" initiative of the Bologna Charter) putting in to practice innovative devices and methods for erosion phenomena AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS International programmes, R&I Institutes, Authorities For IT, RITMARE: the project COASTGAP signed a MoU with RITMARE in order to work together on this topic. For FR, the starting SHORE-MED transverse program in the MISTRAL umbrella program RITMARE: the project COASTGAP signed a MoU with RITMARE in order to work together AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) Pôle Mer Méditerranée and RMC Water Agency, have launched call for projects on ecological restoration of coastal and marine areas. More than 10 projects are going on (in ports, marinas, nurseries…) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE S AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT project action UNEP/MAP All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves in engaging their own infrastructures for the achievement of this objective. EU Structural & Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundation All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves to support in their own Regional Operative Programmes -ESI (European Structural Investment) this objective for the programming period 2014-2022. CNRS I T + F R + H R All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves to I T + F 62 C O U N T R Y BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 MSP-ICZM R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS assessment on this topic BRGM, OSU Pytheas(CEREGE) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) Foster a research initiative on off-shore sediments RITMARE: the project stocks, testing innovative devices for the individuation COASTGAP signed a and characterization of sediment deposits MoU with RITMARE in order to work together on this topic BRGM, Ecole des Mines PMM Application of ICT to support environmental management DLTM associates are working on these issues INSPIRE directive, ISO standard, OGC standards AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE S AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS committed themselves in engaging their own infrastructures for the achievement of this objective support in their own Regional Operative Programmes -ESI (European Structural Investment) this objective for the programming period 2014-2024; French ANR All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves in engaging their own infrastructures for the achievement of this objective All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves to support in their own Regional Operative Programmes -ESI (European Structural Investment) this objective for the programming period 2014-2025 French FUI, ANR AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y R Many regions signing the Bologna Charter have already characterized marine sand quarries for beach nourishment and many others want to. I T + F R DLTM and associates have ICT infrastructures for data and information management. I T 63 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 64 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS Concept to get energy from hydrothermal vents. Design the strategy for environmental protection. Research to be done, especially with marine mammals. Policy options should be investigated to give the opportunity to have the best selection. MSP is also important in connection with the ship routing. Exploration and in some cases exploitation has started. Research will be done but the Research Teams will not be involved as the companies will use their own teams. The monitoring and the potential impact may be a vehicle to work together, public and private institutes. Needs to be advance in order to have some good results. HCMR and Universities are involved in the Strategic Study of the exploration. Safe and secure (wind) offshore farm PMM involved with a lot of compnies, research laboratories and innovative projects Testing/monitoring breakwater devices, for coastal defense purposes, transforming wave motion in electricity. Evaluation of the marine environment as high-to-low enthalpy geothermal energy source AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) EMSO ERIC partially fall in this. Greek policy in the exploration and exploitation is being adapted. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES Industrial national Trails offshore renewable energy plan, centre for floating strategic regional action wind in gol e Fos plan All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves in engaging their own infrastructures for the achievement of this objective AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS Maybe, but only for monitoring purposes. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT FUI, ADEME, Regional fund All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves to support in their own Regional Operative Programmes -ESI (European Structural Investment) this objective C O U N T R Y G R F R Widespread geothermal fields in coastal areas and associated to submarine volcanic areas 65 I T BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES Further mapping all renewable energy potential and assessment of their exploitation AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS Authorities, R&I Institutes, PMM AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) National strategies, European strategies AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS for the programming period 2014-2021 UNEP/GEF Funds AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y H R + F R 66 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OCEANS AND HUMAN HEALTH R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS Assessing the rate of fish and shellfish R&I Institutes, Universities, contamination and of risks for human Authorities, NGOs, Ifremer health mediterranee AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS MFSD, National strategies, European strategies Infrastructure of R&I Institutes EU Structural&Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundation AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y H R + F R 67 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY/OBSERVING SYSTEMS & RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES INCLUDING NEW TECHNOLOGIES R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS Integrated sustainable global Mediterranean (Ocean) Observing system (for the Essential Ocean Variables) connecting the GOOS to the GEOSS (land component). And including multi-platforms generalized approaches for biogeochemical observations. R&I Institutes, Authorities. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) National strategies, European strategies. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES EuroARGO ERIC (ESFRI Infrastucture) Regional Active public and private entities in center for the MISTRALS is supported by Mediterranean Sea. the French maritime regions and and MSFD and following For the profiling float existing partnership in the documents evidence the component, IFREMER neighboring country (Italy, Spain ...). leads the ERIC EuroARGO Adequate European framework with need of better exploitation of observing which is essential a global EuroGOOS and MONGOOS and Integrated Med. systems to improve the several recent or ongoing European Harmonizing the operational ESFRI and I3 projects (JERICO, FIX-O3, monitoring strategy. In FR Observing System. The oceanography capacities and glider component is also GROOM…). [note: check the report on Délégation observing systems coverage over the marine observatories in the Med (by Interministerielle à la structured as a National Mediterranean. Méditerranée. MISTRALS Infrastructures. Other EC) together with SEAS-ERA + CSAcomponents needed for is the general frame OCEANS deliverables on an observing systems where coordination for Infrastructures] (e.g. Vessels, Marine observations stations) are national (Atmosphere, land and In some countries like France and infrastructure or can have Marine System) takes Spain, there are good relations with a strong national or the local stakeholders which can favor place. regional coordination. the development of the integration of the observing systems. In IT, Distretto Ligure delle Tecnologie EMSO ESFRI relies upon Marine (DLTM) for technological the operation of 4 development. DITENAVE – Distretto observation nodes in the Tecnologico Navale e Nautico del Med. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT EU Structural&Cohesion Funds. The ERIC scheme for EuroARGO implies national commitments. MOOSE is also supported at the national level by ALLENVI (the French "Environment Alliance"). Research projects (Italian RITMARE, French MOOSE, EU Jerico and FixO3) have limited duration and support only integration. The Gulf of Trieste Platform/Lab has been included by the regional POR MOOSE (the French Mediterranean Ocean Observing System for the Environment) is an active sponsor for a global observing system thank to its I-MOOSE initiative 68 C O U N T R Y F R + E S + I T + H R BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY/OBSERVING SYSTEMS & RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES INCLUDING NEW TECHNOLOGIES R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS Friuli Venezia Giulia for the implementation of shipborne oceanic data acquisition systems on leasure ships. The NAOS project. NAOS develops a new generation of profiling floats with biogeochemical sensors and drive the French community to also develop a multiplatform approach. This is very similar to what the ARGO program, as the main global GOOS component, is favoring for physical observations. Promote a European coastal observatories network including integrated long term coastline observatory. (To be noticed a lack of adequate sensors and tools to observe at high frequency in the coastal ocean) EMSO must be one of the observing infrastructures that can support many initiatives: tsunami early warning, Copernicus, environmental assessment. MINECO & universities, public research organizations, R&D public and private foundation and Technological Centers. The SOERE "Trait de Côte" has a good national and international network of partners DLTM cooperates with EMSO in the Ligurian Sea node. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) Spanish strategic for science and technology and innovation MSFD, UNESCO-IOC Tsunami Early Warning, AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y Some institutional national initiatives (Puerto de Estado, Spanish SOCIB coastal observatory, Italian Ispra national wave and sea level network, Greek POSEIDON buoy network). All these initiative are limited to coastal national waters. + Infrastructure of R&I Institutes Infrastructures of Universities, public research organizations, R&D public and private foundation and some Technological Centers FESR. SOCIB is also supported from Spanish and Catalan targeted funds, secured for a 10year period. National Plan and in FR ALLENVI and regional funds E S + F R EMSO ESFRI provides data from 4 observation nodes in the Med. In particular the EMSO Western Ionian node is EC STRUCTURAL Funds: PAC EMSOMedIT, PON KM3NET-ITALIA I T Croatian Science Foundation 69 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY/OBSERVING SYSTEMS & RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES INCLUDING NEW TECHNOLOGIES R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS Integrated long term Ecological observation + concerted observations and modelling approaches to understand sustainability of marine ecosystem (from plankton to fish) National Network of Marine Stations. Good (starting) European framework in Europe-LTER which marine component is starting. More general adequate European framework with EMBRC (ESFRI), Euromarine+ Design of "clever" monitoring system by combining traditional monitoring and repeated cruises, observing systems and models, monitoring and information systems. Research in support of policies and the society (also through organized study of the various parameters and update the database). Training/awareness of the regions of the country on the potential of the marine environment. Implementation of the MSFD needs to be addressed with new incentives Ministries, regions/local authorities and Research Institutions. Private companies as facilitators. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) MSFD, WFD, ECAP Spanish strategic for science and technology and innovation In ES MINECO & universities, public IMO regulations Regulatory frameworks research organizations, R&D public are: Environmental and private foundation and Directives (e.g. Water Technological Centers. Framework Directive, DLTM associates are working on these Marine Strategy Framework Directive, issues. Common Fishery Policy). Forecasting systems can AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT equipped already for tsunami early detection. DLTM and associates have ICT infrastructures for data and information management. C O U N T R Y F R Infrastructures of Universities, public research organizations, R&D public and private foundation and some Technological Centers In GR, Through HCMR infrastructure Structural funds Spanish National Plan Spanish Universities, public research organizations, R&D public and private foundation and some Technological Centers In IT, DLTM has the technology for the development and 70 G R + E S + I T + F R BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY/OBSERVING SYSTEMS & RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES INCLUDING NEW TECHNOLOGIES R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS for research. Involvement of different groups of stakeholders from the beginning. be used for search and rescue and oil spill, as well as for forecasting pollution fates. IMO regulations and Law of the Seas in particular Monitoring selected suitable sites by basic and applied research in this field with reduction of costs in monitoring special areas. General interest to link environmental issues with observing systems, with software and hardware technologies. Assess all these elements in terms of Marine Strategy Framework Directive requirements. Regional Earth system modelling Autonomous devices and AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT installation of sensors. DLTM and associates have ICT infrastructures for data and information management. The SIMED (Simulation de la circulation générale à mésoéchelle en Méditerranée) National Network Adequate IPCC context to guarantee the methodology for a successful inter-comparison experiment The existing Med CORDEX program for the physical component of the regional Earth System Model The "La lune" project, managed by C O U N T R Y F R In Universities, CNRS and Yes. Deep F 71 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY/OBSERVING SYSTEMS & RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES INCLUDING NEW TECHNOLOGIES R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS methodologies for the exploration, observation and in-situ analysis of deep (up to 4000m) benthic ecosystems and maritime cultural heritage. the Département de Recherches Archéologiques Subaquatiques et Sous-Marines DRASSM) and its network of public and private partners. La Lune is a vreck at 100m depth off Toulon which will serve as a natural laboratory to test new technologies for underwater archaeology Smart autonomous platforms (profilers and above all gliders, …) able to explore and monitor the whole water column up to 4000m for a wide range a marine services (Research, MSFD, Oil and gas industry, Deep sea mining, …) Active public and private entities in the French maritime regions. Several French Industrial leaders in this sector PMM with development of numerous projects in the field of subsea robotic Underwater imaging and acoustic technologies for sensing different human and biological features (e.g. animal counting, jelly, litter ) into portions of the sea floor or of the water column, and provide recognition and classification of all objects of relevance into the framed DLTM associates have all technological and scientific components for develop highly integrated and automated systems of data collection and processing from diverse acoustic and imaging technologies installed on fixed and mobile platforms AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) Regulatory frameworks are: Environmental Directives (e.g. Water Framework Directive, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Common Fishery Policy). Forecasting systems can AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS Defence Agencies The DRASSM has a dedicated vessel for underwater archeology AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT ecosystems in canyons; outstanding numbers of vrecks of all historical periods; likely prehistorical habitats The French National Infrastructure for Gliders AByssea test and expertise platform in deep sea (1300 m & 240 m)in south of france near Levant island "FUI" (Fond Unique Interministériel) have funded similar projects in the past but it is not likely that this will continue, French ANR DLTM has the technology for the development and installation of sensors POR, PON, FAS, French FUI, ANR and regional funding, Water French Agency The existing SeaExplorer vehicle from the French ACSA company C O U N T R Y R F R I T + F R 72 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY/OBSERVING SYSTEMS & RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES INCLUDING NEW TECHNOLOGIES R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS scene. This can support the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the Common Fishery Policy. be used for search and DLTM associates are working on these rescue and oil spill, as issues well as for forecasting pollution fates. IMO PMM with numerous SME, Groups regulations and Law of and research centre developed the Seas in particular. Unesco IOC Large Marine several cooperative projects Area DLTM associates are working on these INSPIRE directive, ISO issues standard, OGC standards RITMARE: the project COASTGAP signed a MoU with RITMARE in order to work together on this topic PMM and specially sme ACRI, French ecotech clusters network And particularly development of technologies for noise monitoring and mapping Application of ICT to support data and information exchange at international level. Establishment of a common platform for interoperable data/information on the Mediterranean coastal areas (e.g. "Euriomcode" initiative of the Bologna Charter) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS DLTM and associates have ICT infrastructures for data and information management All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves in engaging their own infrastructures for the achievement of this objective Data satellite center in Sophia (ACRI ST) PON, POR, FESR All the coastal administrations signing the Bologna Charter committed themselves to support in their own Regional Operative Programmes -ESI (European Structural Investment) this objective for the 2014-2023 programming period AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y I T + F R 73 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & POLICY RESEARCH R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES Lack of a common strategy to explore, protect and publicize the marine heritage The National Department to implement its policy in this sector (it is the DRASSM from the Ministry of Culture) and its networks France has ratified the UNESCO Convention and is a world public leader for exploration and protection of maritime cultural goods DRASSM has a dedicated research vessel and laboratories. DRASSM also participates to a master program for marine underwater archaeology Transnational pilot study aiming at developing the methodology to reach the articulation and integration of sectorial policies. MINECO & universities, public research organizations, R&D public and private foundation and Technological Centers, Marine council for Mediterranean facade Spanish strategic for science and Infrastructures of technology and innovation Universities, public research Common Fishery Policy organizations, R&D public and private foundation and some Technological Centers Marine strategies, Marine spatial Planning. Need to link Common Fishery Policy with Marine Strategy Framework Programme AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT C O U N T R Y F R Spanish National Plan Spanish Universities, public research organizations, R&D public and private foundation and some Technological Centers E S + I T + F R DLTM has the technology (acoustic and imagery) to count fish and analyse the sea bed. Better coordinate Structural Funds and Horizon 2020 programmes Often, in the Regions of Convergence, the same public-private research partners are involved both in Horizon 2020 and SFs activities, so they share the expertise for competing in both programmes, PACA & LR region Lack of international Strategy for Research and The MISTRALS umbrella program and its main marine component (MERMEX) SFs comprise funding opportunities for several R&I activities in the Regions of Convergence: many valuable projects have been developed in recent years thanks to researchrelated SFs programmes The Délégation Interministérielle There is a MISTRALS Bureau à la Méditerranée has a reseach establish in Malta I T + F R CNRS and other national F R 74 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & POLICY RESEARCH R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) Innovation have established a tight national collaboration for marine Research and Innovation with a shared agenda. The international effort to share and adjust this agenda with other Mediterranean countries has started delegate who drives and supports initiatives like the MISTRALS program Need to improve collaboration and networking in the Mediterranean. DLTM is working and building new networks with other partners in the South East Mediterranean/ Canada/Brasil Specific focus: International PMM has already several agreement with others clusters in coordination of land-andmediteranee(DLTM, Marocco, spain, sea geophysical networks Croatia..) and at u=international level (Brazil, USA, UK, Canada, Norway) Projects and coordination of activities to implement actions to develop the MINECO & universities, public research organizations, R&D public and private foundation and Technological Centers. AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT agencies ENVIMED. ENVIMED is a program supported by the MAE (Ministry for foreign Affairs) to implement international collaboration within the MISTRALS program. Ligurian Chambers of Commerce are strongly committed in widening international perspectives of local enterprises. Specific focus: the context of the EPOS European Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) offers an adequate framework for such an effort. Spanish strategic for science and Infrastructures of technology and innovation Universities, public research organizations, R&D public Specific focus: PONVulcamed, PAC-EMSOMedIT Spanish National Plan C O U N T R Y I T + F R Spanish Universities, public research E S 75 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & POLICY RESEARCH R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) scientific knowledge needed to define suitable indicators and criteria for standards of GES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES and private foundation and some Technological Centers Integrating climate changes International Programmes, Universities, UNEP/MAP in socioeconomic and R&I Institutes, Authorities, NGOs policy research in the Mediterranean Application of ICT to support knowledge base societies AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS DLTM associates are working on these issues INSPIRE directive, ISO standard, OGC standards UNEP/GEF Funds DLTM and associates have ICT infrastructures for data and information management. PON, POR, FESR AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT organizations, R&D public and private foundation and some Technological Centers C O U N T R Y H R I T 76 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 TOURISM R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) Lack of science based approaches to address the coastal tourism planning, its environmental and societal impacts The existing European ECLAT network The large touristic operators (Club Méditerranée) which develop a sustainable development strategy Environment and Tourism opportunities should be addressed in the future Ideal for PPP. Has not been done yet The MEDDE (French Ministry for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Ecology) participates to the UNEP Global partnership for sustainable tourism Maritime Policy Informed tourism to support sustainability Several Protected Area in Region Liguria are involved in projects that support the need of a sustainable tourism (especially for what concerns the National Park of Cinque Terre), and some of these project are involving DLTM associates. Unesco IOC Large Marine Area AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES AVAILABILITY OF AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL REGIONAL AND R&I FUNDS NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT The former CLIMRUN FP7 project in Which France was partner. C O U N T R Y F R G R Ligurian Chambers of Commerce are strongly committed in promoting tourism as a source of benefits for local communities (rural tourism) IT TRAINING & TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER R&I NEEDS/OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABILITY OF SUITABLE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&I PARTNERHIPS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SUPPORTING R&I POLICIES (INCENTIVES, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, ETC) AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTU RES AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL R&I FUNDS AVAILABILITY OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RAW MATERIALS / RESOURCES TO EXPLOIT CO U NT RY 77 BLUE MED MAPPING – 04 Dec 2014 Developing training and technology transfer schemes for harmonized development of the Mediterranean BG community. R&I Institutes, National strategies, European Authorities, NGOs, strategies Aquaculture Farmers PMM(include educational institution in it network) Capitalizing project results in a crossborder perspective by favoring mobility of young researchers across partners countries Partnership from European Strategies M3-HABs (ENPI CBCMED Programme): Italy, France, Lebanon and Tunisia, RITMARE + DIPLOMAZIA EU Structural&Cohesion Funds, Croatian Science Foundation Università Italo- Università ItaloFrancese Francese; Accordo RAMOGE HR + FR IT + FR 78