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5.5 Mutlicellular Life Outline Multicellular organisms depend on interactions among different cell types. • Tissues are groups of ______________________________________________________________________________. • Organs are groups of _________________________ that perform a specific or related function. • Organ systems are groups of _________________________________ that carry out similar functions to help maintain homeostasis. Specialized cells perform specific functions. • Cells develop into their mature forms through the process of _______________________________________________. • Cells differ because different ______________________________________________________________________________. • A cell’s ____________________________ in an __________________________ helps determine how it will differentiate. • An early animal embryo generally takes the shape of _______________________________________________________.. • The ball folds inwards forming an inner layer( ____________________) and outer layer of cells( _________________) and middle layer that separates them ( ________________________) • Endoderm forms, _________________________________________________________________________________________. • Mesoderm forms ________________________________________________________________________________________. • Ectoderm forms ________________________________________________________________________________________ Stem cells are unique body cells. • • Stem cells have the ability to – __________________________ and ___________________________ themselves for long periods of time – remain ________________________________________________ – develop into a variety of ____________________________________________________________________ Stem cells are classified into three types based on ability to develop into differentiated cell types of different tissues. • ____________________________, or growing into any other cell type • __________________________, or growing into any cell type but a ___________________________ cell • _____________________________________, or growing into cells of a closely related cell family • • Stem cells come from adults and embryos. • Adult stem cells are partially _______________________ cells found in specialized cells of _________________________________________________________________________________________________ • They can be taken from patient, grown in _______________________ and put into patient with ___________________ • This helps to avoid ______________________________________________________________________________. • Adult stem cells can be hard to _____________________________________________________________. • Adult stem cells may contain more ______________________________________________ than embryonic stem cells. • Once thought that adult stem cells were only _____________________________ ( ____________ stem cell could only produce ______________________ cells) • ____________________________________ can cause a multipotent adult stem cell to possibly give rise to a ___________________________________________ • The use of embryonic stem cells raises ______________________________________________________ • Embryonic stem cells come from ________________________________________________. • Taken from cluster of undifferentiated cells( __________________________________________________________. • Embryonic stem cells are __________________________________ and can be __________________________________ • They can be used to form any of the __________________________ _____________________ in humans. • If used in a transplant, the risk is higher that the stem cells will be ______________________________________ . • There is also the potential for ESC to grow ________________________________________________ The use of stem cells offers many currently realized and potential benefits. • Stem cells are used to treat ___________________________________________________________________. • Stem cells may cure ___________________________________________________________________________. • Stem cells may revolutionize the __________________________________________________________________.