Download Chapter 15 and 16

Chapter 15 and 16
Review
Question
• What did Darwin
observe when he
visited the Galapagos
Islands?
Answer
• He observed similar
species on each
island who had traits
suited to their
particular
environments.
Question
• What was the
structural adaptation
of the finches that
Darwin observed?
Answer
• They had different
shaped beaks.
Question
• What did Darwin
wonder after seeing
the finches and the
tortoises on the
Galapagos Islands?
Answer
• He wondered if they
had originated from
the same ancestral
species.
Question
• After Darwin
observed the different
species and their
locations, he came up
with what theory?
Answer
• The theory of
evolution.
Question
• What did James
Hutton and Charles
Lyell conclude?
Answer
• The earth was old
enough for evolution
to have occurred.
Question
• Lamarck
hypothesized that
new organs in a
species occur as the
result of………?
Answer
• Use or nonuse of
body structures
Question
• Who wrote “On the
Origin of Species”,
and when was it
published?
Answer
• Darwin-1859
Question
• Why do some
individuals of a
species tend to
survive better than
others?
Answer
• Survival of the fittestthey have variations
that are best suited to
the environment.
Question
Explain the theory of
evolution.
Answer
• It states that species
change over time.
Question
• Darwin’s theory of
evolution is based on
what two things?
Answer
• Natural selection and
heritable variation
Question
• What is a gene pool?
Answer
• All of the genes of a
particular population.
Question
• The sum frequency of
all alleles for a trait is
equal to what
percentage?
Answer
• 100%
Question
• What are two sources
of gene variations?
Answer
• Gene shuffling
• mutations
Question
• A single-gene trait
that has two alleles
will have how many
phenotypes?
Answer
• 2
Question
• What is a polygenic
trait?
Answer
• It is a trait that has many genotypes and
phenotypes.
Question
• What is genetic equilibrium?
Answer
• It is where the allele
frequencies of a
population remain
constant.
Question
• What is geographic isolation?
Answer
• It is where
populations are
separated by barriers
like rivers, and
mountains.
Question
• What is an example of behavioral
isolations?
Answer
• Two bird species that
will not mate because
of different songs to
attract mates.
Question
• What is the difference
between natural and
artificial selection?
Answer
• Natural selection
occurs randomly or
naturally in the
environment.
• Artificial selection
occurs when humans
select the variations.
Question
• What is fitness?
Answer
• The ability to survive
and reproduce in a
particular
environment.
Question
• What is descent with
modification?
Answer
• It states that species
today look a lot
different than their
ancestors.
Question
• What is temporal
isolation?
Answer
• It is where two or
more species
reproduce at different
times.
Question
• What type of population would most likely
remain in genetic equilibrium?
Answer
• A population where
there are identical
organisms because
no individual would
have a significant
advantage in survival
or reproduction.
Question
• What is the Hardy-Weinburg principle?
Answer
• Allele frequencies in a
population will remain
constant unless one
or more factors cause
those frequencies to
change.
Question
• Under what 5
conditions does the
Hardy-Weinberg
principle hold?
Answer
•
•
•
•
•
Random mating
The population is very large
No movement into or out of the population
No mutations
No natural selection