Download NAME OF GAME

EVOLUTION
VOCAB
Chapter 14 & 16
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing © 2006
Change in a population over time;
also change in the relative
frequency of alleles in a gene
pool
evolution
Differences among individuals
within a species
Natural variation
Structures that develop from the
same embryonic tissues, but
have different mature forms
Homologous structures
Organ with little or no function
that was functional in an
ancestor species
Vestigial organ
The selection and breeding by
humans of animals with certain
useful traits from the natural
variation in the population
Artificial selection
Process by which unrelated
organisms independently evolve
similarities when adapting to
similar environments
Convergent evolution
Ability of an organism to
survive and reproduce in a
specific environment
fitness
Inherited characteristic that
increases and organism’s chances
for survival
adaptation
Preserved remains of an ancient
organism
fossil
Islands that Darwin visited on his
voyage on the Beagle that started
him thinking about how organisms
change over time
Galapagos
Concept that each living species
has descended with changes
from other species over time
Descent with Modifications
Idea that organisms that are
best suited to their environment
will survive and reproduce
Survival of the Fittest
Traits controlled by two or
more genes
Polygenic trait
Process by which related organisms
evolve differences when they are
isolated in different environments
Adaptive radiation OR
Divergent evolution
Trait controlled by a single gene
Single gene trait
Book published by Charles Darwin
in which he proposed a mechanism
and provided evidence for his
Theory of Evolution
“The Origin of Species”
The idea that all species, living
and extinct, were derived from
a common ancestor
Common descent
Natural selection is also known as
______________
Survival of the fittest
Naturalist who gave Darwin incentive to
publish his ideas about evolution by
writing an essay that described similar
ideas.
Alfred Wallace
French naturalist who hypothesized
that organisms acquire traits during
their lifetime through use or disuse
which can be passed on to offspring
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
2 geologists who recognized that
Earth is many millions of years old
and that processes that changed it
still operate today
James Hutton & Charles Lyell
English economist who reasoned that
if the human population kept growing
unchecked, there would be
insufficient food and space for
everyone
Thomas Malthus
A change in a DNA sequence caused
by a mistake in DNA replication or
exposure to radiation or chemicals
mutation
Changes in the allele frequency
in a small population that are due
to random chance and don’t follow
the laws of probability
Genetic drift
All the genes, including all the
different alleles, in a
population
Gene pool
A situation in which the allele
frequencies in a population do NOT
change and the population does
NOT EVOLVE
Genetic equilibrium
The effect of natural selection
when individuals near the center of a
normal curve of distribution have
higher fitness than those at the
extremes
Stabilizing selection
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
The effect of natural selection when
individuals at one end of the
normal distribution curve have
higher fitness than individuals in
the middle or at the other end
Directional selection
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
The effect of natural selection
when individuals at the extreme
ends of the normal distribution
curve have higher fitness than
those near the center of the
curve
Disruptive selection
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
Trait controlled by two or more
genes
polygenic
A change in relative frequency
of alleles in a population
evolution
A possible explanation for a set of
observations or a possible answer
to a scientific problem
hypothesis
A change in allele frequencies due to
the migration of a small subgroup
of a population to a new place
Founder effect
Idea that allele frequency will
remain constant unless one or more
factors cause those frequencies
to change
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
A trait controlled by a single
gene with two alleles
Single gene trait
The number of times a certain
allele occurs in a gene pool
compared to the number of times
other alleles for the same gene occur
Relative frequency
A well supported, testable
explanation of observed natural
phenomena
THEORY
Another name for competition for
resources
Struggle for existence
Another name for adaptive
radiation
Divergent evolution
Another name for natural selection
Struggle for existence
NAME THE SCIENTISTS WHO . . .
They proposed that the Earth has changed over
millions of years and the processes that caused
the change are still happening
James Hutton & Charles Lyell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hutton
http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/lefa/Lyell.html
http://anthro.palomar.edu/synthetic/synth_2.htm
NAME THE SCIENTISTS WHO . . .
English mathematician and German physician who proposed
the principle that allele frequencies in a population will
remain constant unless one or more factors cause the
frequencies to change and developed an equation to
predict the frequency of alleles in a population
Godfrey Hardy and WilhelmWeinberg
NAME THE SCIENTIST WHO . . .
French naturalist who proposed the idea that
characteristics could be acquired or lost by their
“use or disuse” during an organism’s lifetime and that
these traits could be passed on to offspring.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
English economist who reasoned that if the human
population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later
there would be insufficient food and living space.
Thomas Malthus
http://anthro.palomar.edu/synthetic/synth_2.htm
NAME THE SCIENTIST WHO . . .
Naturalist who gave Darwin incentive to
publish his ideas about evolution by
writing an essay that described similar
ideas.
Alfred Wallace
http://www.strangescience.net/wallace.htm
Proposed the idea that populations
change over time as a result of
competition for available resources in
which individuals with the characteristics
best suited to their environment will
survive and reproduce
http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96feb/darwin.html
Charles Darwin
THE END