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Monday : Students will take notes describing the Earth Layers FF: ROAD SALT, THE MINERAL HALITE, IS SOMETIMES USED TO MELT SNOW AND ICE. A SCIENTIST SET UP AN EXPERIMENT TO TEST HOW ROAD SALT AFFECTS THE GROWTH OF NEARBY GRASS. A. THE AMOUNT OF SALT USED B. THE GROWTH OF THE GRASS C. THE AREA OF GRASS TREATED WITH SALT D. THE DURATION OF THE EXPERIMENT WHAT IS THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE? EQ: HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THE MAIN THREE LAYERS OF EARTH? Earth Layer Notes: 8-3.1: Summarize the three layers of Earth – crust, mantle, and core – on the basis of relative position, density, and composition. • The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: __________________________________________________________ • • The Core is broken down into 2 sections: ________________________________________________________ The core of the Earth is like a _________________ of very ______________________________________. Label the Following Diagram ALTHOUGH THE EARTH HAS 3 MAIN LAYERS, IT INLCUDES OTHER LAYERS AS WELL. THE EARTH HAS _______ LAYERS OVERALL. LIST THE 6 LAYERS IN ORDER: EARTH LAYERS DESCRIPTION CHART: STUDENTS SHOULD COMPLETE THE CHART Layer Crust Location/Relative Composition Position or State of Matter The layer we Live on Important Facts Density 2 types of crust: Continental Crust (contains _____________________ rock and is the thickest crust) and Oceanic (contains ______________________ rock and is the thinnest crust but is the most dense and the youngest because it’s being recycled through subduction. Composed of ________________ Dense plates or _____________________plates Lithosphere Thickness Thin The plates floats on top of the _______________________ Asthenosphere Mantle Outer Core Inner Core The ____________________________ plates moves or floats on top of the asthenosphere The mantle is located between the asthenosphere and the outer core. Between the Mantle and Inner Core The rocks in the mantle flows because of ___________________________. Convection currents in the mantle moves the ____________________ layer that moves the ____________________plates Dense Thin Gets denser as you move down from the upper mantle to the lower mantle Denser than the mantle Thick Thick FF: WHY IS THE INNER CORE A SOLID AND NOT A LIQUID? EQ: HOW WOULD YOU EXPLAIN INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLE IN YOUR OWN WORDS? Tuesday: Continuation of Earth Layers: Students will Create an Earth Layer Foldable. Students should use this mock foldable to be a guide for their actual foldable. OCEAN WATER/ LIGHT BLUE CONTINENTAL CRUST/LIGHT BROWN ------OCEANIC CRUST (2) DARK BROWN LITHOSPHERE/BLACK (YOU WILL HAVE TO CREATE YOUR OWN LITHOSPHERE AREA ASTHENOSPHERE (UPPER MANTLE) / MANTLE/ORANGE LIGHT ORANGE (COLOR THE MANTLE AND THE LOWER MANTLE THE SAME COLOR) (MAKE SURE YOU LABEL THE CONVECTION CURRENT SYMBOLS) OUTER CORE/ LIGHT RED OR PINK INNER CORE/ RED NOTE: MAKE SURE YOU USE YOUR EARTH LAYER DESCRIPTION CHART TO FILL IN THE INFORMATION. TUESDAY HOMEWORK: DIRECTIONS: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON ANOTHER SHEET OF PAPER. 1. WHAT ARE THE 3 MAIN EARTH LAYERS? 2. WHICH EARTH LAYER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAGNETIC FIELD? 3. WHICH EARTH LAYER IS LIES BETWEEN THE CRUST AND THE UPPER MANTEL? 4. WHICH LAYER IS THE ONLY LIQUID LAYER? 5. WHY IS THE INNER CORE A SOLID AND NOT A LIQUID? 6. WHAT ALLOWS THE SOFT ROCKS TO FLOW IN THE MANTLE? 7. WHAT IS THE UPPER MANTLE CALLED? 8. WHICH LAYER IS THE LITHOSPHERIC OR TECTONIC PLATES FOUND? 9. WHICH LAYER IS THE MOST DENSE LAYER? 10. WHICH LAYER IS THE THINNEST AND WHICH LAYER IS THE THICKEST LAYER? 11. WHICH LAYER CONTAINS THE MOST MASS? 12. WHAT IS THE LAYER WE LIVE ON? 13. THE CORE IS KNOWN AS WHAT? 14. WHAT 3 LAYERS ARE TRUE SOLIDS AND WHICH 3 LAYERS ARE NOT TRUE SOLIDS? 15. THE LITHOSPHERIC OR TECTONIC PLATES FLOATS ON TOP OF WHICH LAYER? 16-20. CREATE A CHART LISTING THE 4 DIFFERENCES AMONG THE CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST. 8-3.6 Explain how the theory of plate tectonics accounts for the motion of the lithospheric plates, the geologic activities at the plate boundaries, and the changes in landform areas over geologic time. The Theory of Plate Tectonics The theory of plate tectonics explains why and how large sections of Earth’s crust, called lithospheric plates, move. A hypothesis of continental drift was developed before the present theory of plate tectonics. It was based on ___________________________________________________________________________________. This hypothesis later led to the theory of plate tectonics when evidence was found as to why the plates could move. Plate tectonics explains how many _______________________________________________. Changes in Landform areas over Geologic Time • __________________________________________ within the mantle have broken the layer below the crust into blocks, called plates, which slowly move around, colliding to build mountains or rifting/spliting apart to form new seafloor. Except in the crust, the interior of the Earth _________________________ be studied by drilling holes to take samples. Instead, scientists map the interior by watching how ______________________________ from _____________________ are bent, reflected, sped up, or delayed by the various layers. The Earth’s crust is divided into _________________major plates, which are moved in various directions. Plates move at very _____________________ rates – from about _________ to _________ centimeters per year; At one time in geologic history the ____________________________ were ____________________together in one large landmass that was called __________________________. As the plates continued to move and split apart, ______________________were formed, _____________________ collided and split apart until the Earth’s landmasses came to be in the positions they are now; Evidence of these landmass collisions and splits comes from ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Landmass changes can occur at ______________________ (volcanoes) within ____________________ plates; Earth’s landmasses will continue to move and change during the geologic time of the future. Motion of the Lithospheric Plates Plates float on the _____________________________ of the mantle. _________________________________________ can cause the asthenosphere to flow slowly carrying with it the plates of the lithosphere. This movement of plates changes the sizes, shapes, and positions of Earth’s ___________________ and _________________. “Plates” of lithosphere are moved around by the underlying hot mantle convection cells Wednesday Homework: Define the following words in your glossary: crust, continental crust, oceanic crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, mantle, convection currents, outer core, inner core, tectonic plates, Pangaea, and the theory of plate tectonics. THURSDAY: STUDENTS WILL COMPLETE THE PLATE BOUNDARIES DESCRIPTION CHART AND NOTES. FF: THE ORDER OF THE LAYERS OF THE EARTH FROM THE THICKEST TO THINNEST IS _______. EQ: HOW WOULD YOU EXPLAIN WHAT IS HAPPENING AT THE 3 TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES? PLATE BOUNDARIES WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES? _______________________________________________ WHAT ARE THE KEY WORDS FOR THE 3 TYPES OF BOUNDARIES? BOUNDARY KEYWORD ARROWS DIVERGENT CONVERGENT TRANSFORM Divergent Boundary Convergent Boundary 2 Plates spread or move ______________ most located along ______________________ ___________ (sea-floor spreading or a line of __________________on the bottom of the ocean) _________________ forms because ____________ pushes up and hardens between separating plating Continental Crust forms ____________ (on land) Oceanic Crust Forms ____________ (in oceans) Can cause _______________Activity 2 Plates come together and _____________ activity depends upon the types of ________________________________ more dense ________________ plate slides under less dense __________________________ plate or another ____________________ plate which is called the ___________________. Has 3 types of collisions Continental –Continental (CC): forms ________________________: two continental plates converge, both plates buckle and push up into mountain ranges - - - Continental-Oceanic (CO): Has a ___________________________ and can cause _____________________ activity Oceanic-Oceanic (OO): Has a subduction zone and can cause volcanic activity and can also form ________________________ Subduction is a way of recycling the oceanic crust. Eventually the subducting slab sinks down into the mantle to be recycled. It is for this reason that the oceanic crust is much younger than the continental crust which is not recycled. Transform Boundary Where 2 Plates ______________ ______________ _____________ crust is neither created nor destroyed ________________ occur frequently along this type of boundary ______________ ______________ Ex: San Andreas Fault