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Time of Rebirth (1300-1600) Renaissance Medici Galileo Regent Absolute Rule Patrons Vernacular Donatello Dante Michelangelo Canterbury Tales Raphael Humanism Leonardo da Vinci Individualism Lucrezia Borgia THE 7 ASPECTS OF THE RENAISSANCE- Trade, Classicism, Questioning Spirit, Intellectual and Artistic Creativity, Secularism, Humanism, Individualism. Classicism Petrarch Erasmus Cervantes Gutenberg Copernicus Machiavelli Beginnings of the Renaissance • A Renaissance is a “Rebirth” • The Renaissance began in wealthy northern Italian trade centers like Venice and Florence where contact with Byzantine and Moslem Empires flourished. • It was the period that followed (brought Europe out of) the Middle Ages. It was a time of renewed interest in things of this world. -Human beings and their conditions (emotional and physical). -Education, art, literature, and science Trade: Created a wealthy class who became patrons of the arts. Merchants & the Medici • The Medici family of Florence become wealthy from banking, wool manufacturing, mining, trade and other ventures. • 3 Popes and several regent monarchs. • The Medici family became patrons of the arts. Michelangelo was among the artists who benefited from Medici patronage. The most important Italian city-state was Florence; In this wealthy trade city, the Renaissance began Florence was home to the Medici family, the wealthiest & most powerful bankers in The Medici used their wealth to commission art for themselves & Florence under the Medici Lorenzo Cosimo Guiliano Medici Chapel The Medici paid tocommissioned build a massivethis Lorenzo de Medici painting from domed for Florence Botticelli of the Medici brothers as the three magi The cathedral Medici Palace New styles & techniques of Renaissance art • Realism & emotion • Classicism: inspiration from Greece & Rome • Emphasis on individuals & interaction between people • Geometric arrangements • Perspective • Using light & shadows Renaissance Artists Donatello • Donatello was the 1st great sculptor of the Renaissance – Donatello revived the classical (Greco-Roman) style of sculpture that were realistic & could be viewed from all sides. – Donatello’s “David” was the 1st large, free-standing human sculpture of the Renaissance. Michelangelo • Michelangelo was one of the most famous Renaissance artists: – He was a painter, sculptor, architect, & poet. – His sculptures & paintings showed realism, detail of the human body, & expression to show personality & emotion. Michelangelo sculptures “Pieta”& “David” are considered masterpieces Michelangelo’s greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel which shows Biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty Sistine Chapel- Creation of Adam Leonardo da Vinci • Leonardo da Vinci was a true “Renaissance Man” – He was a painter & sculptor whose art was known for incredible realism & emotion – He was also an inventor & scientist whose sketches reveal observations about human anatomy & new engineering technology His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion; the facial expressions, detail, emotion made it a masterpiece Leonardo da Vinci’s greatest masterpiece was the “Mona Lisa” which was known for its emotion & depth Leonardo’s Inventions More of Davinci’s Invention http://www.da-vinci-inventions.com/revolving-bridge.aspx Raphael • Raphael “perfected” Renaissance painting – He improved perspective and realism by studying Leonardo & Michelangelo – Raphael became the favorite painter of the Pope because of his amazing detailed paintings showing a combination of famous Greeks & Romans along with Renaissance people Raphael’s greatest painting was “School of Athens” which blended Classical figures from Greece & Rome with important people from the Renaissance Plato (drawn to look like Da Vinci) Aristotle Raphael Pythagoras Michelangelo Euclid Raphael’s “Betrothal of the Virgin” Filippo Brunelleschi • Brunelleschi was Florence’s greatest architect: – He studied the Roman Pantheon when he built the Cuppolo of Maria del Fiore cathedral in Florence – The dome inspired modern building designs. Dome Comparisons Il Duomo, Florence US Capital, St. Paul’s, Peter’s,London Rome St. Washington, D.C. Medici Murder Mystery CSI Simulation The Northern Renaissance As these ideas spread, this “Northern Renaissance” developed its own characteristics The Renaissance spread from Italy as scholars & merchants from other areas visited Italian city- The Renaissance in France was most known for its unique architecture The Renaissance in England was most known for literature, especially the plays of William Shakespeare The Renaissance in the Netherlands was most known for realism in art Wedding Portrait by Jan Van Guess if the following pieces of art (A-J) are: Renaissance or Medieval A B C D E F G H I J Lifestyle • Shops and business were on ground floors, while there was crowded living above. • Garbage was thrown out onto the street. • Wealthy people had large homes, but little privacy, servants slept on floor. Lucrezia Borgia (1480-1519) • Lucrezia Borgia was a famous Renaissance woman. • Her father was Pope Alexander VI. Her second husband was Alfonso d’Este. • She was a generous patron of the arts and mother of 7 children. Trade: Created a wealthy class who became patrons of the arts. Classicism: Revival of Greek & Roman achievements & writings. Classicism • Classicism-Renewed interest in Greek and Roman culture and values. • Note the idealized figure and accurate proportions. Trade: Created a wealthy class who became patrons of the arts. Classicism: Revival of Greek & Roman achievements & writings. Questioning Spirit Questioning Spirit • Francesco Petrarch (13041374) was a Renaissance writer and a Florentine humanist. • He collected Greek and Roman writings, like the poetry of Virgil and Homer and wrote secular (not religious) poetry about love and life in the here and now, not just in the afterlife. Questioning Spirit • Writers and thinkers began to criticize the “old” ways. • Erasmus wrote “Praise of Folly” which ridiculed the church, corrupt officials, and Clergy. • Cervantes wrote “Don Quixote” which poked fun at chivalry and the culture of Medieval Europe. Trade: Created a wealthy class who became patrons of the arts. Classicism: Revival of Greek & Roman achievements & writings. Questioning Spirit Intellectual & Artistic Creativity Intellectual & Creativity • Johannes Gutenberg invented the moveable type printing press, making written materials available to multitudes. Intellectual & Creativity Intellectual & Creativity Intellectual & Creativity • Nicholas Copernicus wrote that the earth rotates around the sun. • Gallileo created an Improved telescope and supported this idea. Intellectual & Creativity • Nicolo Machiavelli wrote “The Prince” in which he advised Monarchs to concentrate power (absolute rule). • “The end justifies the means” • One should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary. • Machiavelli’s ideas have been used to justify abusive use of power. Intellectual & Creativity • Boticelli • Notice the use of point perspective and dimension to draw the viewer into the painting. Trade: Created a wealthy class who became patrons of the arts. Classicism: Revival of Greek & Roman achievements & writings. Questioning Spirit Secularism: Other than religion. Intellectual & Artistic Creativity Secularism • Writers began writing in vernacular ( whatever the locally spoken language is-instead of Latin. • Dante Alighieri wrote “The Divine Comedy” in Italian, telling the epic journey through hell. • Chaucer wrote “Canterbury Tales” in English, telling tales of Medieval life. Trade: Created a wealthy class who became patrons of the arts. Classicism: Revival of Greek & Roman achievements & writings. Humanism: Glorification of people & human reason. Secularism: Other than religion. Questioning Spirit Intellectual & Artistic Creativity Humanism • The detail of Raphael’s Sistine Madonna shows Humanism. • The characters look like real people with individual differences, muscle tone. You can see their humanity. • Emotion seems to be depicted through the eyes. Humanism • In Leonardo Da Vinci’s Last Supper each figure is distinguishable. Trade: Created a wealthy class who became patrons of the arts. Individualism: Emphasis on the importance of the individual and achievements. Humanism: Glorification of people & human reason. Secularism: Other than religion. Classicism: Revival of Greek & Roman achievements & writings. Questioning Spirit Intellectual & Artistic Creativity Individualism • Compare the Byzantine mosaic figures on the first slide to Renaissance figures on the second slide. Individualism Individualism The sculpture on the left is an ancient Greek statue of Neptune. The one on the right is from the Middle Ages. Write a short paragraph comparing the two works of art. Now compare the same ancient Greek statue to Michelangelo’s sculpture of Moses from the Renaissance. What do you notice? How does the medieval Notre Dame Cathedral compare to the Renaissance St. Peter’s Basilica?