Download SID5 Form - Defra Science Search

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E-mail:
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SID 5
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Research Project Final Report
Note
In line with the Freedom of Information
Act 2000, Defra aims to place the results
of its completed research projects in the
public domain wherever possible. The
SID 5 (Research Project Final Report) is
designed to capture the information on
the results and outputs of Defra-funded
research in a format that is easily
publishable through the Defra website. A
SID 5 must be completed for all projects.
1.
Defra Project code
2.
Project title
This form is in Word format and the
boxes may be expanded or reduced, as
appropriate.
3.
ACCESS TO INFORMATION
The information collected on this form will
be stored electronically and may be sent
to any part of Defra, or to individual
researchers or organisations outside
Defra for the purposes of reviewing the
project. Defra may also disclose the
information to any outside organisation
acting as an agent authorised by Defra to
process final research reports on its
behalf. Defra intends to publish this form
on its website, unless there are strong
reasons not to, which fully comply with
exemptions under the Environmental
Information Regulations or the Freedom
of Information Act 2000.
Defra may be required to release
information, including personal data and
commercial information, on request under
the Environmental Information
Regulations or the Freedom of
Information Act 2000. However, Defra will
not permit any unwarranted breach of
confidentiality or act in contravention of
its obligations under the Data Protection
Act 1998. Defra or its appointed agents
may use the name, address or other
details on your form to contact you in
connection with occasional customer
research aimed at improving the
processes through which Defra works
with its contractors.
SID 5 (Rev. 3/06)
Project identification
GA01091
Secretariat to GECC and Hadley Centre SRG
Contractor
organisation(s)
ESYS Limited
54. Total Defra project costs
(agreed fixed price)
5. Project:
Page 1 of 15
£
142,068
start date ................
01 November 2005
end date .................
31 January 2008
6. It is Defra’s intention to publish this form.
Please confirm your agreement to do so. ................................................................................... YES
NO
(a) When preparing SID 5s contractors should bear in mind that Defra intends that they be made public. They
should be written in a clear and concise manner and represent a full account of the research project
which someone not closely associated with the project can follow.
Defra recognises that in a small minority of cases there may be information, such as intellectual property
or commercially confidential data, used in or generated by the research project, which should not be
disclosed. In these cases, such information should be detailed in a separate annex (not to be published)
so that the SID 5 can be placed in the public domain. Where it is impossible to complete the Final Report
without including references to any sensitive or confidential data, the information should be included and
section (b) completed. NB: only in exceptional circumstances will Defra expect contractors to give a "No"
answer.
In all cases, reasons for withholding information must be fully in line with exemptions under the
Environmental Information Regulations or the Freedom of Information Act 2000.
(b) If you have answered NO, please explain why the Final report should not be released into public domain
Executive Summary
7.
The executive summary must not exceed 2 sides in total of A4 and should be understandable to the
intelligent non-scientist. It should cover the main objectives, methods and findings of the research, together
with any other significant events and options for new work.
The contract provided Secretariat support from November 2005 to January 2008 to two climate change
bodies on behalf of Defra Climate, Energy and Ozone: Science and Analysis (CEOSA) Division. These
bodies were:
o
o
The Global Environmental Change Committee (GECC)
The Hadley Centre Science Review Group (HC SRG)
The GECC is a high level, cross government committee chaired by Defra's Chief Scientific Advisor
Professor Robert Watson and formerly Professor Sir Howard Dalton. The GECC reports to the Chief
Scientific Advisor through the Chief Scientific Advisor's Committee (CSAC).
Established in 2000, the GECC provides a high level forum for the coordination of the UK's involvement in
climate change and other global environmental change issues. The Committee agreed new terms of
reference in March 2004 which delegated working level issues to five sub-groups. These are:
o
o
o
o
o
Research
Observation
Science and Policy
Supercomputing
Biodiversity
The Secretariat support within this project covered four of the five sub-groups (all except Biodiversity) as
well as the Main GECC, which meets annually in the Autumn.
The Met Office Hadley Centre SRG's function is to provide the Hadley Centre with timely reviews and
feedback on the operation of its scientific programme. The group meets annually and consists of a rolling
membership of 12 experts, with between 2 and 3 of the members from outside the UK.
The basic functions of the Secretariat for both bodies covered preparation and minuting of individual
meetings, but there were also a number of ongoing baseline tasks needed to ensure effective operation.
These included the provision and maintenance of a website (www.ukgecc.org), preparation of papers and
reports in support of the work of the various groups and subgroups and liaison with related groups such as
the Environment Research Funders’ Forum (ERFF).
SID 5 (Rev. 3/06)
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Project Report to Defra
8.
As a guide this report should be no longer than 20 sides of A4. This report is to provide Defra with
details of the outputs of the research project for internal purposes; to meet the terms of the contract; and
to allow Defra to publish details of the outputs to meet Environmental Information Regulation or
Freedom of Information obligations. This short report to Defra does not preclude contractors from also
seeking to publish a full, formal scientific report/paper in an appropriate scientific or other
journal/publication. Indeed, Defra actively encourages such publications as part of the contract terms.
The report to Defra should include:
 the scientific objectives as set out in the contract;
 the extent to which the objectives set out in the contract have been met;
 details of methods used and the results obtained, including statistical analysis (if appropriate);
 a discussion of the results and their reliability;
 the main implications of the findings;
 possible future work; and
 any action resulting from the research (e.g. IP, Knowledge Transfer).
SID 5 (Rev. 3/06)
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1. Introduction
ESYS, under contract GA 01091, provided Secretariat support from November 2005 to January 2008 to two
climate change bodies on behalf of Defra Climate, Energy and Ozone: Science and Analysis (CEOSA) Division
and formerly Global Atmosphere Division. These bodies were:
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The Global Environmental Change Committee (GECC);
The Met Office Hadley Centre Science Review Group (MOHC SRG).
The GECC is a high level, cross government committee chaired by Defra's Chief Scientific Advisor Professor
Robert Watson and formerly by Professor Sir Howard Dalton. The GECC reports to the Government’s Chief
Scientific Advisor (Prof. John Beddington and formerly Sir David King) through the Chief Scientific Advisor's
Committee (CSAC).
Established in 2000, the GECC provides a high level forum for the coordination of the UK's involvement in climate
change and other global environmental change issues. The Committee agreed new terms of reference in March
2004 which delegated working-level issues to five sub-groups.
These are:
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Research;
Observation;
Science and Policy;
Supercomputing;
Biodiversity.
The Secretariat support within this project covered four of the five sub-groups as well as the Main GECC, which
meets annually in the autumn. The Secretariat for the Biodiversity Subgroup was provided by the JNCC.
The Met Office Hadley Centre SRG's function is to provide Defra and MoD with timely reviews and feedback on
the operation of the scientific programme they fund at the MOHC. The group meets annually and consists of a
rolling membership of 12 experts, with between 2 and 3 of the members from outside the UK.
The basic functions of the Secretariat covered preparation and minuting of individual meetings but there were
also a number of ongoing baseline tasks needed to ensure effective operation. These included the provision and
maintenance of a website (www.ukgecc.org), preparation of papers and reports in support of the work of the
various groups and subgroups and liaison with related groups such as the Environment Research Funders’
Forum (ERFF).
The ESYS staff involved in the project were Alan Whitelaw and Sue Postle Hammond.
SID 5 (Rev. 3/06)
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2. Background
2.1 GECC
The GECC has the following terms of reference:

To provide a forum for the coordination of the UK’s involvement in climate change and other global
environmental change science and technology nationally and internationally, working through sub-groups
as required and taking into account the work of other relevant coordination mechanisms and fora. The
sub-groups are listed below.

To review the effectiveness of the national capacity, capability and performance in these areas and to
make recommendations.

To recommend to the Government’s Chief Scientific Adviser a lead Department / Agency in areas of
science and technology where responsibility is unclear.
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To ensure that Government policy on climate change and other global environmental change issues is
both sufficiently informed by and informs the work undertaken by the science base.
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To support effective UK participation in international climate change and other global environmental
change science and technology programmes.
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To encourage effective communication of climate change and other global environmental change science
and technology.
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To report to CSAC by the end of 2005 on developments in Climate Change S&T and other global
environmental change science.
Between 2000 and 2003, two or three meetings were held annually with no subgroups. From 2004 until the
present, following a review in 2003, the modus operandi was changed to an annual meeting with five subgroups.
The structure is currently as follows:
CSA / CSAC
ESYS
Secretariat
JNCC
Secretariat
Main
GECC
Research
Subgroup
Observation
Subgroup
Science &
Policy
Subgroup
Supercomputing
Subgroup
Biodiversity
Subgroup
The main GECC meets annually in the autumn, generally October. The detailed activities of the GECC are
undertaken through Subgroups at the direction of the main GECC. There are 5 subgroups, which are shown
below with average annual meeting frequency:
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Observations (2)
Global Environmental Research (2)
Biodiversity (3 to 4)
Science – Policy Forum (1)
Supercomputing (1 in 2 years)
Subgroup meeting frequency has depended on the activities they have been tasked to undertake. The main
GECC reviews reports from the subgroups and develops corresponding actions.
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2.2 Hadley Centre SRG
The Met Office Hadley Centre is the UK's leading climate modelling capability and provides a focus for scientific
research on climate change. Its main roles are to develop improved understanding of climate processes and
modelling, better predictions of climate change on decadal to century timescales and to inform policy on
mitigating against and adapting to future climate change. The Hadley Centre is part of the Met Office and most of
its funding comes from Defra, MoD and other UK Government Departments and the European Commission.
The Met Office Hadley Centre Scientific Review Group (SRG) was reconstituted and first met in its revised form in
September 2003 under the Chairmanship of Prof. John Harries. The group’s function is to provide Defra and
MoD with timely reviews and feedback on the operations of the scientific programme they fund at the MOHC.
The group consists of 12 people with the objective that about 1/3 of members retire every year and that some of
the members are from outside the UK. Defra have responsibility for the provision of the secretariat to the SRG
and contracted out this activity to ESYS.
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3. Key objectives
3.1 GECC
3.1.1 Secretariat support to the GECC and its sub-groups
The GECC met twice during the period of this contract, in October 2006 and October 2007, and the four subgroups for which Secretariat support was provided (Research, Observation, Science and Policy, and
Supercomputing) met a total of nine times.
The basic functions of the Secretariat in relation to the GECC were as follows:

Preparation and distribution of papers in advance of meetings, in accordance with existing GECC
Secretariat guidelines;
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Preparation, agreement and distribution of minutes from meetings, in accordance with existing GECC
secretariat guidelines;
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Preparation of timetables and assistance in running four of the identified sub-groups (all but biodiversity),
including setup for the Research and Observations sub-groups which had not yet been set up at the start
of the contract;
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Liaise with Defra, the Chairpersons, and other members to arrange dates for meetings and venue by
mutual agreement, both for GECC as a whole and for its sub-groups. GECC holds an annual high level
meeting while sub-groups meet about every six months, but more frequently if business requires;

Assist with general organisation of the meetings, i.e. preparation of security lists, catering etc;
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Generally ensuring smooth running of the group, including chasing delivery of actions / papers, with
minimum demands on Defra and the Chairperson;
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Identify issues for consideration of the GECC and its sub-groups through:
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Keeping track of other work carried out by other related committees;
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Developing awareness of new and existing research programmes, for example: agriculture,
forestry, land use change, sustainable development and health which may be of relevance to
GECC.
Produce draft subgroup reports to the main GECC and GECC reports to CSAC as well as any supporting
papers for GECC and Subgroup meetings where necessary and agreed.
3.1.2 Additional support functions
A flexible approach to the work was necessary. Additional support was provided up to about 20% of the total
work to develop additional papers, undertake a review of Scope and Gaps in Global Environmental Research,
and undertake other functions such as liaison with related groups. The Global Environmental Research Subgroup
has also developed a research priorities report based on a survey of a wide range of interested parties. This
document has since been maintained as a ‘living document’ and will be made available as a reference on the
GECC website.
3.1.3 ESYS hosted website
ESYS developed and hosted a GECC website. This was originally intended as an efficient means to distribute
papers for meetings. In practice however, this acted more as a repository for previous papers and minutes with
information about the GECC, its subgroups, event schedules and links to related activities. The website was a
comparatively small part of the contract and as such was functional rather than prominent.
3.2 Hadley Centre SRG
3.2.1 Secretariat support to the Hadley Centre SRG
SID 5 (Rev. 3/06)
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The SRG meet once a year, and there are also strategy and progress meetings relating to the business of the
SRG. The annual meeting of the SRG is generally 2.5 days long and is normally held in Exeter, though meetings
have also been held in London.
The requirement was to ensure that meetings were organised to ensure the smooth running of the group and
minutes effectively recorded.
The basic functions of the Secretariat in relation to the Hadley Centre SRG were:

Liaise with Defra, the MoD, the SRG Chairman and SRG members to organise meetings (including the
annual meeting of the SRG and strategy and progress meetings);
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Provide logistical support for meetings, including assistance with SRG members’ travel plans, members
expense reimbursement, hotel arrangements and liaison with the MOHC regarding logistics;
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Prior to meetings, support preparation of the agenda in consultation with Defra, MoD, the MOHC and the
SRG Chairman;
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During the meetings, provide support on a range of administrative functions to ensure the smooth running
of the meeting, including the meeting dinner;
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Minute the various sessions and produce meeting reports, including a summary report of key issues,
conclusions and recommendations from the meeting, plus detailed records of all meeting sessions.
SID 5 (Rev. 3/06)
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4. Approach to meeting objectives
4.1 Main GECC
The process for a main GECC meeting starts about six months before the meeting itself. To establish the date for
the main GECC meeting, the Secretariat prioritise the key attendees and work to ensure that these
representatives can attend. If date options are still available, the membership can be polled in coordination with
Defra, otherwise they will be informed. Arrangements for the room are made with Defra administrative staff and
include the room itself, any side rooms needed, catering and assembling security lists for reception.
Closer to the time of the meeting, the Secretariat meet with Defra to develop the agenda. Having been involved
with the Subgroups throughout the year, the Secretariat contribute as needed to the drafting of the GECC agenda
in liaison with the GECC Chair and Defra CEOSA staff. Following this, the Secretariat also prepare a Chair’s brief
which guides the Chair though the meeting, providing timing guidance and highlighting key points that might
otherwise be overlooked in the process of discussion. If possible, this is run through with the Chair shortly before
the meeting. The Secretariat also assembles the papers from external sources and drafts any other specific
papers required within reason. Once agreed, the full set of agenda and papers is distributed to GECC members
and those attending.
In addition to the agenda and the Subgroup reports, the Secretariat support the Chairs during the main GECC
meeting by preparing presentation materials if needed and also contributing to points of discussion relating to the
year’s activities if requested. The Secretariat also review the actions and can present any materials on behalf of
absentees.
The Secretariat take the minutes and write these up. Once agreed with Defra, these are circulated and made
available on the website. In most cases, there are some actions which the Secretariat will follow up though the
course of the year, often linked to subgroup activities.
4.2 Subgroups
The Subgroups are tasked by the main GECC and their activities are also overseen by Defra through a series of
progress meetings with the Secretariat throughout the year. The Secretariat plays a role in making sure that the
individual meetings contribute to the ongoing objectives. The Secretariat maintains close links with the Subgroup
Chairs and need to understand clearly the aims of each meeting. This allows the Secretariat to draft the agenda
which will be iterated and refined with the Subgroup Chair. Arrangements for meetings involve checking first with
the Chair and polling members on suitable dates. The Secretariat assembles and write supporting papers if
appropriate.
In early autumn, the Secretariat supports the Subgroup Chairs in the preparation of the Subgroup reports to the
main GECC. These reports are important because they encapsulate the year’s work and also include action
points or recommendations for the main GECC to consider. The extent of the Secretariat input to this process will
depend on the Chair’s approach and time available, but the norm is for the Secretariat to provide an initial draft for
iteration. In the case of the Supercomputing subgroup which currently has no Chair, the approach in recent years
has been for the Secretariat to interview the key organisations, mainly the Research Councils and the Met Office
to establish the latest developments and based on these inputs to draft the report to GECC.
4.3 Website
The Secretariat has maintained a website to make available reports and papers from the GECC as well as
meeting agendas and minutes (www.ukgecc.org). Related information such as links, schedules and other
supporting information is also available. Although the website has been a useful conveyance for information, it is
limited in scope at present and in the future will be updated and enhanced. The GECC has, for example, recently
taken on the role of monitoring UK contributions to international science programmes and this type of information
can be made available on the site.
4.4 MOHC SRG
The contractor needed to be self reliant but responsive to communications with Defra thereby taking as much of
the administrative burden from Defra and the SRG Chairman as possible. The secretariat work was undertaken in
SID 5 (Rev. 3/06)
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close liaison with Defra, MoD, the SRG Chairman, the MOHC as well as other SRG members. Regular
interaction with the Chairman and Defra was particularly important to ensure they were kept up to date with
progress on arrangements and activities of the SRG and to minimise the demands on their time.
SID 5 (Rev. 3/06)
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5. Outcomes / results
The main outcome of the project was that the meetings outlined in the previous sections were organised and
followed-up successfully. There were also several additional outcomes, which are detailed below.
5.1 GECC
The GECC has reported on potential gaps in coverage of global environmental change issues by Whitehall
departments. This reviewed the allocation of responsibilities and the coordination mechanisms in place and
found that there were no significant gaps.
GECC reports to CSAC have centred on Supercomputing and long term monitoring requirements. In this regard,
it has made the following submissions to CSAC.
Supercomputing
State of the art supercomputing facilities are essential to maintain the UK’s leadership on climate change
internationally, both scientifically and politically. It would also allow the UK to optimise the very large expenditures
that adaptation will require. There are some indications that the UK’s international position on computing
resources is declining.
CSAC were asked to note the needs for enhanced supercomputing capabilities in the UK for GEC research and
to encourage a more collaborative and focused approach to supercomputing procurement.
Funding of long term observations
Climate change studies require consistent long term observations, many of which are conducted internationally.
The UK is taking a leading role in international efforts to improve observations through Global Earth Observation
(GEO) and Global Climate Observation System (GCOS). To this end there is a need to:

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Identify and secure sustained funding to transfer research and pilot monitoring projects efficiently to an
ongoing sustained operational status
Develop a unified UK policy and international strategy on which areas the UK seeks to play a leading role
Develop a more coordinated approach to funding of observations across Government.
The first step towards this is to assess the scope and scale of the activities affected. This is being undertaken as
GECC is undertaking a review of the UK’s observational programmes. CSAC were invited to endorse a more
coordinated approach to the funding of observations.
5.2 Observation Subgroup
The emphasis for this subgroup was on UK participation in international programmes and the need to ensure
operational funding for key observations as they emerge from the research domain. There were two chairs during
the course of the 2005-08 project period, with Prof Paul Mason (University of Reading / GCOS) assuming the
Chairmanship of the group from Alan Douglas (Met Office) in 2007. The main international observation
programmes under consideration were GCOS, GEO/SS and Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
(GMES).
For GCOS the group reported on UK GCOS commitments in January 2007 and sought to identify activities whose
funding may be vulnerable in the foreseeable future. The subgroup has coordinated UK participation in GEO/SS
and special meetings have been held to prepare UK positions for participation in GEOSS activities. For GMES,
the subgroup has contributed to the discussions surrounding UK involvement and has sought to promote the
development of this programme in a way that ensures that its work will be suitable to help characterisation of
climate signatures.
The need for continuous operational funding for key observations has been a recurring theme, though progress is
still needed on this perennial issue. The subgroup has maintained close links with the ongoing work of the Defra
Earth Observation (EO) strategy and also with the developing work of the ERFF observation strategy where the
subgroup is currently represented by the GECC Secretariat steering board.
An important issue for the subgroup is actioning the topics it reviews. The review of GCOS contributions has
been useful and a similar activity is proposed in the next year. The work in coordination and preparation for GEO
SID 5 (Rev. 3/06)
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meetings has also been useful. An initial attempt to review UK contributions to GEO was made and this has now
been picked up by NERC in more detail. It should also be noted that the Subgroup through the Secretariat has
maintained close links with the developing ERFF Environmental Observation Framework.
5.3 GER Subgroup
The chairman of this Subgroup Professor Peter Liss, University of East Anglia took over from Professor Sir Brian
Hoskins in 2007. Professor Liss is also chair of the Royal Society Global Environmental Research Committee.
The main task of this Subgroup over most of the period was to undertake a survey to identify Scope and Gaps in
GER amongst GECC members. The exercise followed on from a similar undertaking in the late 1990s and was
intended to provide an update on that earlier survey.
The report on the exercise has undergone a number of iterations and an updated version was submitted for
discussion and comment at the 2007 GECC meeting. Since then, the report has been updated with inputs from
the Biodiversity Subgroup (Andy Stott) to broaden the scope to include biodiversity aspects of climate and
environmental change. The next stage is expected to be a prioritisation of the topics by the Subgroup followed by
wider circulation of the report.
The Subgroup has maintained liaison with the ERFF Secretariat and in particular its Research Coordination
Working Group.
5.4 Science - Policy Forum Subgroup
This group existed prior to the formation of the GECC Subgroups. It had been convened originally to give Defra
climate change policy makers the opportunity to meet with invited climate change scientists to discuss a specific
topic on the climate change agenda. The group has continued in this format and differs from the other Subgroups
in that invitations are extended to policymakers from other GECC organizations if they have a particular interest in
the topic under discussion. The main GECC has also considered the possibility of having open science-policy
meetings on specific topics if required.
The subgroup meeting that was held during the project period addressed the science and policy implications of
the Montreal Climate Change meeting and the Gleneagles Action Plan (including a briefing on the emerging Stern
Review).
Possible future topics for consideration for meetings include Climate and energy, Biofuels and Avoiding
deforestation. A current proposal is for a meeting to follow up requirements from the Bali Action Plan.
5.5 Supercomputing
The Supercomputing subgroup has met in support of specific procurement issues. As a result, it has met only
once since its last main period of activity in 2003. This meeting in autumn 2006 considered partnering options for
the post HecTOR period, and in particular considered whether the procurement cycles for the Met Office and the
Research Councils could be aligned. This meeting also considered the need for future meetings and the optimum
frequency of these. Since there are already close links between the partners involved directly in the procurement
process, the Supercomputing subgroup acts as a vehicle to maintain Defra’s visibility of the process. As a result,
it is not expected that the supercomputing subgroup will meet regularly for the foreseeable future, though it may
be convened if specific issues arise. A possible way forward is to consider supercomputing requirements as part
of a broader review of major infrastructure investments.
5.6 Biodiversity Subgroup
The Secretariat for the Biodiversity Subgroup has been provided by the JNCC. The ESYS Secretariat have
maintained close links with the JNCC team including participation in biodiversity SG meetings and maintenance of
the GBSC website. The progress of the Biodiversity SG, though not part of the project reported in this document,
is reported here for completeness.
The remit of the GBSC is to inform UK science strategy relating to global biodiversity and sustainable use. The
focus of the sub-committee is on the science underlying the key global issues. The subgroup is chaired by Miles
Parker of Defra. The focus of discussions held on agenda items has been on the implications for research
strategy and views of members are sought on all substantive items. The Biodiversity group have been very
active, some recent topics have been climate change and biodiversity, ocean acidification, invasive alien species,
and issues of national capacity. A recent highlight was a workshop on the implication of the Millennium
Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) held in 2006 at the Royal Horticultural Halls in London. The aim was to develop
an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the MEA, including those elements that can be used to support
policy development; those elements that should be approached more cautiously; and to prioritise science gaps
SID 5 (Rev. 3/06)
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requiring action. The event was attended by 53 participants from Government departments and agencies,
research organisations, academic and research institutes. A subsequent event was held at the Royal Society
covering the links between biodiversity and climate change. The aim of the meeting was to bring experts from the
biodiversity, climate change, and sustainable development communities together to encourage dialogue and
cooperation and to identify opportunities for maximising policy and science synergies. The meeting's objectives
were:





To raise the profile of biodiversity within the climate change issue and to encourage decision makers to
consider biodiversity, climate change, and human livelihoods together when developing strategies for
sustainable development, protection of biodiversity, and reduction of climate change and its impacts;
To explore the role and function of biodiversity and ecosystems in the climate system;
To consider the role that biodiversity should play in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies;
To identify key areas in which biodiversity, climate change, and sustainable development science and
policy can be coordinated;
To consider the interactions between human livelihoods, the biosphere and climate in terms of functions
and impacts.
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References to published material
9.
This section should be used to record links (hypertext links where possible) or references to other
published material generated by, or relating to this project.
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