Download Typical disorders of the nervous system 1. In myasthenia gravis can

Typical disorders of the nervous system
1. In myasthenia gravis can be detected:
+ a) the appearance of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor; + b) tumors of the thymus;
+ c) increased muscle fatigue; + d) reduction in the number of acetylcholine receptors in the
neuromuscular junction.
2. Botulinum intoxication is characterized by:
+ a) muscle weakness; + b) intestinal paresis; + c) reduction of release of acetylcholine from
motor nerve endings; d) the presence of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor.
3. Disease (syndrome) of Parkinson is characterized by:
+ a) rhythmic muscle tremor at rest; + b) an increase in muscle tone; + c) difficulty in voluntary
movements; d) increase of dopamine in the striatum.
4. The triad of symptoms: muscular tremor at rest, increased muscle tone (rigidity),
difficulty in performing voluntary movements, typical for:
a) Alzheimer's disease; b) epilepsy; c) damage of the cerebellum; + d) Parkinson's disease.
5. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by:
+ a) the appearance of fibrillar tangles in neurons of the brain; + b) accumulation of amyloid
around the brain vessels; + c) reduction of the acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex and
hippocampus; d) reduction of glutamic acid in the brain.
6. Most common cause of hemiparesis in the person is:
a) damage of the cerebral cortex; b) damage of the pyramidal tract at the level of the medulla
oblongata; c) damage of the pyramidal tract at the level of the spinal cord;
+ d) hemorrhage in the internal capsule.
7. What is the mechanism of dysfunction of synapses under the action of tetanus toxin?
+ a) inhibits the secretion of glycine in the synaptic cleft;
b) inhibits the secretion of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.
8. Specify the pathogenetic factors of disorders of the nervous system in tumor process:
+ a) irritant effect of tumor on the nearby nerve centers; + b) atrophy of nerve cells and the
fibers, which are compressed during tumor growth; c) hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the
surrounding nerve cells during tumor growth; + d) increased intracranial pressure and decrease in
blood filling of the brain; e) the reduction of intracranial pressure and increased blood filling of
the brain.
9. Show pathogenetic factors of disorders of the nervous system in meningitis and
encephalitis:
+ a) gives products and outflow of cerebrospinal fluid
b) Products and outflow of cerebrospinal fluid did not change
+ c) Increased intracranial pressure
d) it reduces intracranial pressure
+ e) triggers autoimmune processes
f) activates the process of retrograde degeneration
10. What a generator of pathologically enhanced excitation?
+ a) A group of neurons that work with varying degrees of autonomy and produce excessive
stimulation
b) A group of neurons that produce excessive stimulation due to sharp activation of the higher
nerve centers
11. What characteristic of denervated tissues?
+ a) Increased sensitivity to mediators released upon stimulation of the transected nerve
b) Reduced sensitivity to mediators released during stimulation of the transected nerve
12. What is the basis of increasing the sensitivity of denervated structures to the mediators?
+ a) increase in number of free receptors in these tissues, which able to bind the mediator;
b) increasing the number of neurotransmitter which is secreted during stimulation of the severed
nerve.
13. What are the consequences of deafferentation?
a) motion of deafferented limbs are not recovered; + b) motion of deafferented limbs are
restored, but not completely; + c) there are disorders of microcirculation, resembling those in
venous hyperemia; + d) arise disorders of microcirculation resembling those in the arterial
hyperemia; e) develop degenerative processes in the deafferented tissue; f) trophism of
deafferented tissue is not disturbed.
14. Why is increased muscle tone in the central paralysis?
a) due to damage of the extrapyramidal system; + b) as a result of the release of segmental-reflex
apparatus of the spinal cord from the cortical influences.
15. Why disappear tendon reflexes in peripheral paralysis?
+ a) as a result of violations of the spinal reflex arc; b) as a result of the release of segmentalreflex apparatus of the spinal cord from the cortical influences.
16. Ataxia occurs when damage
+ a) of the cerebellum; b) of the front columns of the spinal cord; + c) of the posterior columns
of the spinal cord; + d) of the posterior roots of the spinal cord; e) of the anterior roots of the
spinal cord; + f) of the frontal lobes of the brain; g) of the pituitary gland; h) of the midbrain.
17. What is characteristic of cerebellar ataxia?
+ a) the patient falls in the direction of the lesion; b) the patient falls to the side opposite the
lesion; + c) decreases muscle tone of the head and body on the side of the injury.
18. How are violated motion and sensitivity at half lateral injury of spinal cord?
+ a) pain and temperature sensitivity is disturbed on the side opposite to the damage; b) pain and
temperature sensitivity is disturbed on the side of injury; + c) paralysis on the side of injury;
d) paralysis on the side opposite to damage; + e) deep and tactile sensitivity is disturbed on the
side of injury; f) deep and tactile sensitivity is broken on the opposite side to damage.
19. What is the basis of occurrence of astasia at damage of cerebellum?
+ a) violation of braking of the proprioceptive reflexes when each muscle contraction,
stimulating proprioceptors, cause new reflex;
b) violation of the regulatory influence of the cerebellum on the activity of neurons in the
cerebral cortex.
20. In what cases fall out all types of sensitivity?
+ a) in full transverse injury of the spinal cord; b) at the half lateral injury of spinal cord;
+ c) at damage of trunk of the peripheral nerve; + d) at pathological processes in the optic
thalamus; e) at damage of cells of the posterior horns of the spinal cord; f) at damage of the
posterior columns of the spinal cord.
21. What is the dissociation of sensitivity?
+ a) condition in which one species of sensitivity disappear, while others are saved;
b) condition in which there are unusual sensations, regardless of external stimuli (numbness,
burning, creeping sensation).
22. In what cases there is a dissociation of sensitivity?
a) in full transverse injury of the spinal cord; +b) at the half lateral injury of spinal cord;
c) at damage of trunk of the peripheral nerve; d) at pathological processes in the optic thalamus;
+e) at damage of cells of the posterior horns of the spinal cord; +f) at damage of the posterior
columns of the spinal cord.
23. What is paresthesia?
a) condition in which one species of sensitivity disappear, while others are saved;
+ b) condition in which there are unusual sensations, regardless of external stimuli (numbness,
burning, creeping sensation).
24. What is ataxia?
a) long-term involuntary muscle contractions with increase of their voltage
b) rapid change of involuntary contractions and relaxations in this or that group of muscles;
+ c) impaired coordination of locomotor movements.
25. What is astasia?
a) impaired coordination of locomotor movements;
+ b) the inability to keep regular, normal position own head and body in space.
26. What is pain?
+ a) subjectively painful sensation reflecting psychophysiological state of a person, which arises
as a result of the impact of super-strong or damaging stimuli
b) Increased sensitivity to stimuli of the senses, which arises as a result of the impact of superstrong or damaging stimuli.
27. The aggressiveness and fury:
a) increase the response to pain; + b) reduce the response to pain;
c) reducing the pain threshold.
28. What is the sequence of painful sensations at damage of skin and mucous membranes?
+ a) epicritic pain - protopathic pain; b) protopathic pain - epicritic pain.
29. What impact does the fear on pain sensitivity?
+ a) amplifies the response to pain; b) reduces the response to pain; + c) reduces the pain
threshold; d) increases the pain threshold.
30. What anatomic formations are not sensitive to pain?
a) the mesentery and parietal peritoneum; + b) lung tissue; + c) visceral pleura; d) the parietal
pleura; + e) the heart muscle; f) arteries; g) the pericardium.
31. What anatomic formations are highly sensitive to pain?
+ a) mesentery and parietal peritoneum; b) lung tissue; c) the visceral pleura; d) the parietal
pleura; e) the heart muscle; + f) arteries; + g) the pericardium.
32. What characteristic epicritic pain?
+ a) arises immediately after injury
b) arises after a short period of time after injury
+ c) clearly localized
d) Has diffuse
+ e) Quickly subsides
f) lasts a long time
33. What characteristic protopathic pain?
a) arises immediately after injury
+ b) arises after a short period of time after injury
c) clearly localized
+ d) has a diffuse character
e) Fast subsides
+ f) lasts a long time.
34. What accompanies pain sensations arising from damage of the skin and mucous
membranes?
+ a) total excitation; b) the general oppression; + c) activation of the sympathetic nervous
system; d) activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
35. What accompanies pain sensations arising from damage of the skin and mucous
membranes?
+ a) high blood pressure; b) decrease in blood pressure; + c) hyperglycemia; d) hypoglycemia.
36. What accompanies pain sensations emanating from the internal organs?
a) general excitement; + b) general oppression; c) activation of the sympathetic nervous system;
+ d) activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
37. What are characteristics of visceral pain?
a) is localized precisely; + b) has a diffuse nature; + c) is accompanied by painful feelings,
depression; d) is accompanied by psychomotor agitation.
38. What is phantom pain?
a) syndrome that develops after injury of peripheral nerve and is caused by irritation his
sympathetic fibers;
+ b) pain, which is localized by patients in missing limb.
39. Are connected occurrence of phantom pain and causalgia with the appearance of the
generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in the central nervous system?
+ a) yes; b) no.
40. What is neurosis?
+ a) psychogenic (usually conflictogenic) neuropsychological disorder that occurs as a result of
violations of a particularly significant human relationships in life, manifested in specific clinical
phenomena in the absence of psychotic phenomena;
b) an extreme variant of the norm, in which the some character traits is enhanced excessively, as
result is detected selective vulnerability in relation to a particular kind of psychogenic impacts
with good and even increased resistance to the other.