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Unit I: Motion Subunit A: Constant Velocity Chapter 2 Section 1 Texas Physics p. 38-45 Equations Variables, Units NOTES: scalar: quantity described by magnitude (size) only vector: quantity described by both magnitude AND direction Unit I-A Objectives What you should know when all is said and done 1. You should distinguish between a scalar and a vector: a. know the difference between distance and displacement. b. know the difference between speed and velocity. c. know the difference between average and instantaneous speed and velocity. 2. You should be able to determine the average velocity of an object in two ways: a. determining the slope of an x vs t graph. b. using the equation v = Δx/Δt 3. You should be able to determine the displacement of an object in two ways: a. finding the area under a v vs t graph. b. using the equation Δx = vt 4. Given an x vs t graph, you should be able to: a. describe the motion of the object (starting position, direction of motion, velocity) b. draw the corresponding v vs t graph c. determine the average velocity of the object (slope). d. write the mathematical model which describes the motion. 5. Given a v vs t graph, you should be able to: a. describe the motion of the object (direction of motion, how fast) b. draw the corresponding x vs t graph c. determine the displacement of the object (area under curve). d. write a mathematical model to describe the motion. Unit I: Motion Subunit B: Constant Acceleration Chapter 2 Sections 2 and 3 Texas Physics p. 47-63 Equations (figure 2.6 p.56) NOTES: Method for problem solving G: U: E: S: S: Variables, Units (ch 2 Summary p.72) Unit I-B Objectives What you should know when all is said and done 1. Given a x vs. t graph, you should be able to: a. describe the motion of the object (starting position, direction of motion, velocity) b. draw the corresponding v vs. t graph c. draw the corresponding a vs. t graph d. determine the instantaneous velocity of the object at a given time 2. Given a v vs. t graph, you should be able to: a. describe the motion of the object (direction of motion, acceleration) b. draw the corresponding x vs. t graph c. draw the corresponding a vs. t graph d. write a mathematical model to describe the motion e. determine the acceleration f . determine the displacement for a given time interval 3. You should be able to determine the instantaneous velocity of an object in three ways: a. determining the slope of the tangent to an x vs. t graph at a given point. b. using the mathematical model vf = at + vi c. using the mathematical model vf2 = vi2 + 2ax 4. You should be able to determine the displacement of an object in three ways: a. finding the area under a v vs. t curve b. using the mathematical model x = ½ at2 + vit c. using the mathematical model vf2 = vi2 + 2ax 5. You should be able to determine the acceleration of an object in five ways: a. finding the slope of a v vs. t graph b. using the mathematical model a = v/t c. rearranging the mathematical model x = ½ at2 + vit d. rearranging the mathematical model vi = at + vi e. rearranging the mathematical model vf2 = vi2 + 2ax Unit I: Motion Subunit C: Two-Dimensional Motion Ch 3 of Texas Physics p.81 - 110 Equations NOTES: When to Use Unit I-C: Two-Dimensional Motion What you should know when all is said and done By the time you finish all labs, worksheets and related activities, you should be able to: 1. Determine which model (constant velocity or accelerated motion) is appropriate to describe the horizontal and vertical motion of a projectile. (Chapter 3, section 3) 2. Draw a motion map for an object undergoing projectile motion, with velocity and acceleration vectors for both dimensions. 3. Given information about the initial velocity and height of a projectile determine (Ch 3, sec 3) a. the time of flight, b. the point where the projectile lands, c. velocity at impact. 4. Explain what effect the mass of a projectile has on its time of flight. (Ch 3, sec 3) 5. Use the rules of vector addition to find resultant vectors. (Ch 3, sections 1 and 2) 6. Use trigonometry to find vector magnitudes and angles, and to resolve vectors into components. (Ch 3, sections 2 and 3) 7. Describe results of using different frames of reference and determine relative velocity. (Ch 3, section 4) Unit II: Newton’s Laws Subunit A: Balanced Forces Ch 4 of Texas Physics p. 118 - 151 Variables, Units NOTES: Equations Newton's first law of motion (AKA "law of inertia"): An object at rest will remain at rest, an object in motion will remain in motion, in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Inertia: the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. Force: an action that may cause a change in an object's motion. (could be a push or a pull) Net force: The resultant force vector (the sum of all forces) acting on an object. Equilibrium: when the Net force on an object is zero. * mass is a measure of inertia * inertia is directly proportional to mass * inertia depends only on mass (not on motion) * more inertia means greater resistance to change in motion * change in motion = change in speed and/or direction = change in velocity = acceleration * recall the difference between mass and weight: - mass is the same everywhere in the universe (independent of gravitational field) - weight is directly proportional to mass, but changes from place to place depending on the gravitational field strength newton's 3rd law "action reaction law" When object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts a force on object A that is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction Why don't action reaction force pairs cancel each other out? --> because they act on 2 DIFFERENT objects net force and acceleration are both VECTORS and therefore both have DIRECTION the object will accelerate in the SAME direction as the net force! relationships: the object's acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on it, but inversely proportional to its mass combine 2nd law with 1st law of inertia: the more mass an object has, the more inertia and therefore the greater the net force required for a given acceleration OR the more mass an object has, the less its acceleration for a given net force