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Module 32 Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Disorders • sense of self has become separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, or feelings. • Extremely rare and usually the result of overwhelming stress (trauma) Types of Dissociative Disorders • Three main types: – Dissociative Amnesia – Dissociative Fugue – Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Amnesia • loss of memory in reaction to a traumatic event. • Serious personal threats is are the most common cause • Combat, natural disasters, fires, etc. Dissociative Fugue • loss of identity and travel to a new location. • The person may develop a new identity and begin a new life. • Can last a few hours, days, months or even years Dissociative Identity Disorder • individual experiences two or more distinct and alternating personalities • Formerly called multiple personalities • Rare and controversial • http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/Introd uction-to-Kim-Nobles-MultiplePersonalities-Video Dissociative Identity Disorder • Personalities can be different ages, sex, and self perception of characteristics – Three Faces of Eve – Sybil – http://www.discoveryfitandhealth.com/tvshows/psych-week/videos/woman-with-15personalities.htm Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders Schizophrenic Disorders EQ: Compare and contrast the symptoms of schizophrenia with the other disorders we’ve covered. Schizophrenia • A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and behaviors. • Occurs in about 1% of the population • Break with reality Symptoms of Schizophrenia • Symptoms: – Delusions • (false beliefs) – Hallucinations • (false perceptions) – Inappropriate emotions or behaviors Symptoms of Schizophrenia Delusions • False beliefs that are symptoms of schizophrenia and other serious psychological disorders. • Four major types of delusions: – Grandeur – Persecution – Sin or guilt – Influence Delusions of Grandeur • False beliefs that a person is more important than they really are • Patients may believe they are a famous person (e.g. Napoleon) Delusions of Persecution • False beliefs that people are out to get the person • Believe they are being followed, the phone is wiretapped, etc. Delusions of Sin or Guilt • False beliefs that the person is responsible for some misfortune Delusions of Influence • False beliefs of being controlled by outside forces Hallucinations • False perceptions that are symptoms of schizophrenia or other serious psychological disorders. • Types of hallucinations: – Auditory (hearing voices) – Visual (seeing things) – Tactile (feeling skin sensations) • Can also have distorted smell and taste Inappropriate Emotions/Behaviors • Flat affect – showing little or no emotional response • Word salad – nonsense talk • Waxy flexibility – the person’s arms and legs will remain in place after being moved there Old Types of Schizophrenia (before DSM 5) Causes Biological Factors - Genetics • Schizophrenia tends to run in families. • Genetics appears to produce a predisposition (increased likelihood) to develop schizophrenia. •Genain Quadruplets Genetics and Schizophrenia Biological Factors – Brain Structure • Brain structure of those with schizophrenia is different than the normal brain • Those with schizophrenia have smaller amounts of brain tissue and larger fluid filled spaces. • The thalamus is smaller in those with schizophrenia. Biological Factors – Brain Structure Biological Factors – Brain Function • The brain of those with schizophrenia operates differently than the normal brain. • The frontal lobes show less activity. • Those with schizophrenia have a larger number of receptor sites for the neurotransmitter dopamine. Biological Factors – Prenatal Viruses • A viral infection during the middle of pregnancy may increase schizophrenia risk. Psychological Factors • Two main areas: – Stress – Disturbed family – It’s unclear whether these are causes or consequences of schizophrenia. Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders Personality Disorders EQ: How are personality disorders different from the psychological disorders? Personality Disorders • characterized by rigid and lasting behavior patterns that disrupt social functioning. • Divided into three clusters: – Related to anxiety – With odd and eccentric behaviors – With dramatic or impulsive behaviors Personality Disorders Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders Personality Disorders Related to Anxiety Avoidant Personality Disorder • So sensitive about being rejected that personal relationships become difficult • http://youtu.be/vIsg2V0mf6Y Dependent Personality Disorder • Behave in clingy, submissive ways and displays a strong need to have others take care of them Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders Personality Disorders With Odd and Eccentric Behaviors Paranoid Personality Disorder • Shows deep distrust of other people, which gets in the way of personal relationships • Different than paranoid schizophrenia • http://youtu.be/dbRoVcULGBI Schizoid Personality Disorder • Is detached from social relationships • Are true hermits, preferring life alone and avoiding intimate interactions at all costs Module 32: Dissociative, Schizophrenic and Personality Disorders Personality Disorders With Dramatic or Impulsive Behaviors Borderline Personality Disorder • Exhibit instability of emotions, selfimage, behavior, and relationships • http://youtu.be/eOphgCJX1FY • http://youtu.be/967Ckat7f98 Antisocial Personality Disorder • A personality disorder in which the person (usually a male) shows a lack of conscience for wrongdoing and • a lack of respect for the rights others. • Also known as psychopathic or sociopathic personality disorder • Ted Bundyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ai-r_TXEI8o • http://youtu.be/0qyCR9tPDgM The End