* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Review Exam #1 - Seattle Central College
Renormalization wikipedia , lookup
Chemical bond wikipedia , lookup
Molecular Hamiltonian wikipedia , lookup
Particle in a box wikipedia , lookup
Quantum electrodynamics wikipedia , lookup
Matter wave wikipedia , lookup
Auger electron spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Hydrogen atom wikipedia , lookup
Tight binding wikipedia , lookup
X-ray fluorescence wikipedia , lookup
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Wave–particle duality wikipedia , lookup
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry wikipedia , lookup
Atomic orbital wikipedia , lookup
Electron-beam lithography wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical and experimental justification for the Schrödinger equation wikipedia , lookup
Review for Exam #1-Chemistry 139 This is a guide for study. There may be additional material not listed here that will appear on the exam. Also study your text notes, lecture notes, and problems. Classification of Matter: Mixtures (Homogeneous and Heterogeneous) and Pure Substances (Compounds and Elements) Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter Uncertainty: Accuracy vs. Precision, Significant Figures in Calculations and Measurements Metric Prefixes Unit or Dimensional Analysis The Laws of Conservation of Mass and Energy The Law of Definite Proportion (or Constant Composition)-Originally based on mass ratios not atomic ratio Dalton’s Theory of the Atom The Law of Multiple Proportions-Predicted by Dalton’s Theory The Nuclear Atom: proton (+), electron (-), neutron (0) Isotopes (Neutral and Ionic): Atomic Number, Mass Number, Symbol Weighted Average Mass Electrostatics Energy-Potential and Kinetic and Thermal Transfer of Energy-work and heat Exothermic-chemical system loses heat to the surroundings Endothermic-chemical system gains energy from the surroundings Electrons have Both Wave Characteristics (Electrons can be Diffracted by Crystals) and Particle Characteristics (Electrons have Mass and Momentum) Electromagnetic Radiation (Light) has Both Wave Characteristics (Waves can be Diffracted by Crystals) and Particle Characteristics (Photons have Momentum, but No Mass) Emission spectra of elements demonstrate that the energy of electrons is quantized-discrete bands of light relate directly to discrete jumps of electrons from high energy to low energy. The Bohr Model of the Nuclear Atom (1 electron atoms only) Traveling Waves Transfer Energy, Standing Waves Store Energy If Electrons have Wave Characteristics and Their Energy is Quantized then Electrons can be described as Standing Waves Containing Discrete Amounts of Energy. The Energy is Stored until the Electron Absorbs a Photon of Particular Energy OR until the Electron Emits a Photon of Particular Energy. Absorption or Emission Results in the Electron Moving to a New Energy Level. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle A Solution for the Energy/Position of an Electron in an Atom is a Wavefunction (Ψ). There are Many Solutions for an Electron’s Energy/Position. These Solutions are called Orbitals. Ψ2 (The Electron Probability Density) is More Physically Comprehendible than Ψ: This allows us to see where the Electron Density at a Given Point is the Greatest OR where we are Most Likely to Find an Electron of a Particular Energy Around its Nucleus. Know the Shapes of the s, p, and d Orbitals The Principle Quantum Numbers: n, l, ml, ms Electron Configurations for Groundstate Atoms or Ions (longhand and core notations) Orbital Energy Filling Diagrams for Groundstate Atoms or Ions A Periodic Trend is Based on a Similar Number of Valence Electrons The Periodic Table: Groups and Periods, metals, non-metals, metalloids, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, chalgogens, halogens, noble gases