Download - Med4just

Physiology past year’s questions.
Q1) A random blood sample for GH assessment in a
suspected deficiency state is useless because it is commonly
undetectable , so there are several " tricks " to collect a blood sample
for GH assessment , all are true except
A. Sampling before exercise.
B. frequent sampling during sleep.
C. sampling 1 hour after going asleep.
D. sampling during an insulin induced hypoglycemia.
E. stimulation with arginine.
Q2) Myxoedema coma, all are true except
A. unfortunately the mortality rate is 50% but fortunately the
condition is rare.
B. convulsions are not uncommon and opening CSF pressure may be
raised.
C. it is a medical emergency and treatment must be started before
the biochemical confirmation.
D. unless there is an evidence of primary hypothyroidism like thyroid
scar , it should be considered to be secondary to pituitary or
hypothalamic dysfunction.
E. thyroxin should be given intravenously.
** C also may be true
Q3) Causes of hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia , all are true
except:
A. chronic renal failure.
B. Hypoparathyroidism.
C. Pseudohypoparathyroidism.
D. Hypomagnesemia.
E. Pseudopseudohypoparathryoidism.
Q4) Hypocalcemia, all are true except
A. carpo-pedal spasm is more common in children than adults.
B. in adults, stridor is uncommon.
C. siezures are usually resistant to antiepileptic therapy.
D. the cornerstone in the treatment of pseudohypoparathyroidism is
calcium supplement.
E. in chronic hypoparathyroidism we use vitamin D supplementation
Q5) Causes of apparent hyperaldosteronism , all are true except
A. treamtent with carbenoxolone
B. 11 deoxycorticosterone secreting tumors
C. Liddle's syndrome
D. ectopic ACTH syndrome
E. glucocorticoides suppressible hyperaldosterosnism
Q7) In polycystic ovarian syndrome , all are true except :
A. insuline resistance is though to be the central key in the
pathogenesis
B. mild elevation in serum prolactin
C. mild elevation of serum androgens
D. elevated blood estron level
E. FSH:LH ratio more than 2.5:1
Q8) Which one of the following isn’t true about the pineal gland?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It secretes both melatonin and serotonin
Its hormones control the biological rhythm of the body
It is located in the roof of the diencephalon
Is radioopaque on an X-ray due to the presence of the surrounding
bony structures
e. It is located in the middle of the brain
Answer: d. Is radio-opaque on an X-ray due to the presence of the
surrounding bony structures
Justification: Calcification of the pineal gland occurs in old people
which provides it with the characteristic radio-opaque appearance
even on normal X-Rays
Q9) All of the following hormones are transported through axons
except
a. Melatonin
b. Serotonin
c. ADH
d. Oxytocin
Answer: Melatonin
Justification: ADH and oxytocin are transported by the hypothalamohypophyseal tract neurons along the axons to the posterior pituitary
Q10) Which of the following is true about oxytocin
Answer: It’s secretion is stimulated by stress
Q11) Which of the following describes a therapeutic use of oxytocin?
Answer: Induction of labour
Q12) Which of the following hormones is permissive to IGF-1
a.
b.
c.
d.
T3
T4
Insulin
…
Q13) Which of the following molecules is associated with the cold
intolerance caused in hypothyroidism
Answer: UCP
Q14) Which of the following statements about calcitonin is incorrect?
Answer: It has the same effect as PTH
Q15) Which of the following hormones has the shortest half-life?
Answer: Insulin
Q16) Which of the following hormones has the longest half-life?
a. T3
b. Androgens
c. Cortisol
d. ….
Answer: T3
Q17) Which of the following is the most important modifiable factor
related to type II diabetes?
Answer: Obesity
Q18) Which of the following factors is most associated with type II
diabetes?
a. Obesity
b. Family History
Q19) Which of the following hormones is largely unbound to plasma
proteins
Answer: Oxytocin
Q20) In a competitive ELISA, which of the following is correct?
Answer: The color is inversely proportional to the blood hormone
concentration
Q21) In RIA
Answer: The radioactivity is inversely proportional to the ligand’s
concentration
Q22) The thing that controls the specific secretions of the pituitary
gland is
Answer: The hypothalamic hormones secreted into the
hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
Q23) All of the following are secreted directly in response to
hypothalamic hormones except
Answer: IGF-1
Q24) The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Jordan is?
a.
b.
c.
d.
16%
18%
20%
…
Answer is ??
Q25) Which of the following water-insoluble hormones has a specific
plasma membrane carrier protein?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Androgens
Cortisol
Testosterone
Estrogen
Tri-iodothyronine
Answer: e. Tri-iodothyronine
Q26) Which of the following adrenergic receptors mediates its effects
through the IP3 pathway?
a.
b.
c.
d.
α1
α2
β1
β2
Answer: a. α1
Q27) How does calcitonin mediate its effect to reduce calcium
Answer: It inhibits the activity of osteoclasts
Q28) Which of the following describes the channels involved in the
process of control of insulin secretion
Answer: K+ channels that are inhibited by an increase in ATP
concentration
Q29) A problem in the cortisol secretion may result
Answer: increased pigmentation in areas of the body
Q30) Which of the following is the most important diagnostic test for a
patient with adrenal gland problems
Answer: Overnight Dexamethasone suppression test
Q31) Which of the following matched hormones/hormone
replacements isn’t correct?
Answer: Prolactin---- infertility
Q32) Which of the following describes the principle of RIA
Answer: radioimmune reaction used to determine the concentration
of a ligand
Q33) What type of hormone is testosterone?
a. Protein
b. Amino acid chain
c. Steroid
d. Catecholamine
e. None of the above
Answer : c
Q34) Which gland secretes melatonin?
a. Pancreas
b. Thyroid
c. Pineal gland
d. Adrenal gland (cortex)
e. Adrenal gland (medulla)
Answer: c
Q35) Which cell type are involved in the secretion thyroglobulin?
a. Principal cell
b. Oxyphil cell
c. Parafollicular cells
d. Follicular cells
e. Chromaffin cells
Answer: d
Q36) Where is insulin secreted from?
a. Alpha cells
b. Beta cells
c. Gamma cells
d. Delta cells
e. Acini
Answer: b
Q37) Which part the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids?
a. Chromaffin cells
b. Zona reticularis
c. Zona glomerulosa
d. Zona fasciculate
e. None of the above
Answer: d
Q38) What type of hormone is insulin?
a. Protein
b. Peptide
c. Steroid
d. Catecholamine
e. None of the above
Answer: a
Q39) What type of hormone is prolactin?
a. Protein
b. Peptide
c. Steroid
d. Catecholamine
e. None of the above
Answer: a
Q40) What cell type secretes MSH?
a. Lactotropic cells
b. Thyrotropic cells
c. Somatotropic cells
d. Corticotropic cells
e. Gonadotropic cells
Answer: d
Q41) What type of hormone is antidiuretic hormone?
a. Protein
b. Peptide
c. Steroid
d. Catecholamine
e. None of the above
Answer: b
Q42) What type of hormone is oxytocin?
a. Protein
b. Peptide
c. Steroid
d. Catecholamine
e. None of the above
Answer: b
Q43) What type of hormone is estradiol?
a. Protein
b. Amino acid chain
c. Steroid
d. Catecholamine
e. None of the above
Answer: c
Q44) What type of hormone is epinephrine?
a. Protein
b. Amino acid chain
c. Steroid
d. Catecholamine
e. None of the above
Answer: d
‫‪Q45) The thyroid cells and the beta cells of the pancreas‬‬
‫‪have matured and started their secretions by the:‬‬
‫‪a. 9-10th week‬‬
‫‪b. 10th-11th week‬‬
‫‪c. 11th-12th week‬‬
‫‪Answer: 10th – 11th week‬‬
‫ً‬
‫َّ‬
‫ُ‬
‫عنا في أكثر األحيان ليكون ُّ‬
‫وجه‬
‫السعادة تنصرف‬
‫تلهفنا عليها و اهتياجنا لها سعادة على ٍ‬
‫َّ‬
‫َ ْ‬
‫ّ‬
‫بأشد حاجة إلى‬
‫آخر‪ ،‬و كأنما أوشكت لنا ِم ْن هذه الجهة و هي ذاهبة؛ و إذا لم يكن اإلنسان‬
‫ُْ‬
‫عواطفه‪ ،‬يفقد‬
‫روح ِِه و‬
‫الطعام في وقت ِمنه إلى الجوع في ٍ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وقت غيره فكذلك هو في غذاء ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ً‬
‫ً‬
‫وقتا كالصوم‪ .‬و َّ‬
‫ُ‬
‫َّ‬
‫اإللهية في الشقاء‬
‫بعض أسرار الحكمة‬
‫إن هذا ل ُهو‬
‫السعادة وقتا كالجوع و‬
‫َّ‬
‫اإلنساني‪ ،‬و لكنه كذلك من أسباب سوء الفهم في اإلنسان‪.‬‬
‫الرافعي ~ ِ‬