Download Journal of Roman Studies 106 (2016)

THE JOURNAL OF ROMAN STUDIES
VOLUME 106 (2016)
CONTENTS
ARTICLES
ÁBEL TAMÁS, Erroneous Gazes: Lucretian Poetics in Catullus 64, 1–20
CLARE ROWAN,
Ambiguity, Iconology and Entangled Objects on Coinage of the
Republican World, 21–57
CELIA E. SCHULTZ, Roman Sacrifice, Inside and Out, 58–76
ELEANOR COWAN, Contesting Clementia: the Rhetoric of Severitas in Tiberian Rome
before and after the Trial of Clutorius Priscus, 77–101
VIRGINIA CLOSS, Neronianis Temporibus: the So-Called Arae Incendii Neroniani and the
Fire of A.D. 64 in Rome’s Monumental Landscape, 102–123
MARTIN BECKMANN, Trajan’s Column and Mars Ultor, 124–146
BENEDIKT ECKHARDT, Romanization and Isomorphic Change in Phrygia: the Case of
Private Associations, 147–171
PAUL SCHUBERT, On the Form and Content of the Certificates of Pagan Sacrifice, 172–
198
SURVEY ARTICLE
CARLO PAVOLINI, A Survey of Excavations and Studies on Ostia (2004–2014), 199–236
REVIEW ARTICLES
JOHN MARINCOLA, Shored Against Our Ruins (T. J. Cornell (ed.); E. H. Bispham, J.
Briscoe, T. J. Cornell, A. Drummond, B. M. Levick, S. J. Northwood, S. P. Oakley, M.
P. Pobjoy, J. W. Rich and C. J. Smith, The Fragments of the Roman Historians. Volume
1: Introduction; Volume 2: Texts and Translations; Volume 3: Commentary), 237–248
MARIOS COSTAMBEYS, The Legacy of Theoderic (J. J. Arnold, Theoderic and the
Roman Imperial Restoration; M. S. Bjornlie, Politics and Tradition between Rome,
Ravenna and Constantinople: a Study of Cassiodorus and the Variae 527–554; D.
Laccetti (ed.), Cassiodoro, Roma immaginaria. Sulle ceneri del più grande impero
l’Utopia di un nuovo stato. Le Variae e l’Italia di Teoderico tra rimpianto e speranza;
S. D. W. Lafferty, Law and Society in the Age of Theoderic the Great. A Study of the
Edictum Theoderici; G. Marconi, Ennodio e la nobilità gallo-romana nell’Italia
Ostrogota; P. Porena, L’insediamento degli Ostrogoti in Italia; M. Vitiello, Theodahad:
A Platonic King at the Collapse of Ostrogothic Italy), 249–263
REVIEWS
(in alphabetical order)
Albers, J., Campus Martius. Die urbane Entwicklung des Marsfeldes von der Republik bis zur
mittleren Kaiserzeit (by Carlos F. Noreña), 285
Beresford, J., The Ancient Sailing Season (by Philip de Souza), 317
Blackman, D. and B. Rankov with K. Baika, H. Gerding, J. Pakkanen and J. Mckenzie,
Shipsheds of the Ancient Mediterranean (by Philip de Souza), 317
Blake, E., Social Networks and Regional Identity in Bronze Age Italy (by Peter Attema), 265
Blouin, K., Triangular Landscapes: Environment, Society and the State in the Nile Delta
under Roman Rule (by Jane Rowlandson), 305
Boislève, J., A. Dardenay and F. Monier (Eds), Peintures et stucs d’époque romaine. Révéler
l’architecture par l’étude du décor: Actes du 26e Colloque de l’AFPMA, Strasbourg,
16 et 17 novembre 2012 (by Thomas Lappi), 311
Bonghi Jovino, M. and G. Bagnasco Gianni (Eds), Tarquinia: il santuario dell’Ara della
Regina: i templi arcaici (by Ingrid Edlund-Berry), 269
Borbonus, D., Columbarium Tombs and Collective Identity in Augustan Rome (by EmmaJayne Graham), 284
Brandon, C. J., R. L. Hohlfelder, M. D. Jackson and J. P. Oleson, Building for Eternity: the
History and Technology of Roman Concrete Engineering in the Sea (by Linn W.
Hobbs), 314
Bruun, C. and J. Edmondson (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy (by M. H.
Crawford), 331
Cannatà, M., La Colonia Latina di Vibo Valentia (by Kathryn Lomas), 270
Casiday, A., Reconstructing the Theology of Evagrius Ponticus: Beyond Heresy (by Jonathan
L. Zecher), 370
Clark, J. H., Triumph in Defeat: Military Loss in the Roman Republic (by Michael P.
Fronda), 277
Cribiore, R., Libanius the Sophist: Rhetoric, Reality, and Religion in the Fourth Century (by
Richard Flower), 364
Coarelli, F., Collis: il Quirinale e il Viminale nell’antichità (by Alexander Thein), 288
Connolly, J., The Life of Roman Republicanism (by Hannah J. Swithinbank), 274
Cornell, T. and O. Murray (Eds), The Legacy of Arnaldo Momigliano (by Neville Morley),
327
Demacopoulos, G. E., The Invention of Peter: Apostolic Discourse and Papal Authority in
Late Antiquity (by Julia Hillner), 373
Dessales, H., Le Partage de l’eau. Fontaines et distribution hydraulique dans l’habitat
urbain de l’Italie romaine (by Julian Richard), 309
De Vos Raaijmakers, M. and R. Attoui, Rus Africum: Tome I. Le paysage rural antique
autour de Dougga et Téboursouk: cartographie, relevés et chronologie des
établissements (by R. Bruce Hitchner), 307
De Vos Raaijmakers, M., R. Attoui, A. Battisti and M. Boeijen, Rus Africum: Tome II. Le
paysage rural antique autour de Dougga: l’aqueduc Aïn Hammam-Thugga,
cartographie et relevés (by R. Bruce Hitchner), 307
De Vos Raaijmakers, M., R. Attoui and A. Battisti, Rus Africum: Tome III. La via a
Karthagine Thevestem, ses milliares et le réseau routier rural de la region de Dougga
et Téboursouk (by R. Bruce Hitchner), 307
Dey, H. W., The Afterlife of the Roman City: Architecture and Ceremony in Late Antiquity
and the Early Middle Ages (by Gareth Sears), 378
Doody, J., K. Kloos and K. Paffenroth (Eds), Augustine and Apocalyptic (by Paula
Fredriksen), 372
Drogula, F. K., Commanders and Command in the Roman Republic and Early Empire (by J.
W. Rich), 279
Dutsch, D., S. L. James and D. Konstan (Eds), Women in Roman Republican Drama (by
Anise K. Strong), 340
Elsner, J. and M. Meyer (Eds), Art and Rhetoric in Roman Culture (by Ellen Perry), 325
Esposito, D., La Pittura di Ercolano (by Mantha Zarmakoupi), 300
Feitosa, L. C., The Archaeology of Gender, Love and Sexuality in Pompeii (by Anna
Anguissola), 297
Fletcher, R., Apuleius’ Platonism: the Impersonation of Philosophy (by Ken Dowden), 356
Fotheringham, L. S., Persuasive Language in Cicero’s Pro Milone: A Close Reading and
Commentary (by Brian Krostenko), 343
Friedland, E. A. and M. Grunow Sobocinski with E. K. Gazda, The Oxford Handbook of
Roman Sculpture (by Diane Atnally Conlin), 323
Fulminante, F., The Urbanization of Rome and Latium Vetus: from the Bronze Age to the
Archaic Era (by Ralph Häussler), 266
Garcia Barraco, M. E. (Ed.), Il Mausoleo di Augusto: monumento funebre e testamento
epigrafico del primo imperatore romano: XIV D.C.–MMXIV D.C., bimillenario della
morte di Augusto (by Dorian Borbonus), 289
Gee, E., Aratus and the Astronomical Tradition (by C. Castelletti), 346
Gunderson, E., The Sublime Seneca: Ethics, Literature, Metaphysics (by R. Scott Smith),
348
Häuber, C., The Eastern Part of the Mons Oppius in Rome: the Sanctuary of Isis et Serapis in
Regio III, the Temples of Minerva Medica, Fortuna Virgo and Dea Syria, and the Horti
of Maecenas (by James C. Anderson, Jr.), 287
Hawkins, T., Iambic Poetics in the Roman Empire (by Kevin Wilkinson), 336
Houston, G. W., Inside Roman Libraries: Book Collections and their Management in
Antiquity (by Matthew C. Nicholls), 334
Jacobs II, P. W. and D. A. Conlin, Campus Martius: the Field of Mars in the Life of Ancient
Rome (by Carlos F. Noreña), 285
Johnson, A. and J. Schott (Eds), Eusebius of Caesarea: Tradition and Innovations (by
Matthew R. Crawford), 369
Jones, C. P., Between Pagan and Christian (by Carlos R. Galvao-Sobrinho), 368
Kalas, G., The Restoration of the Roman Forum in Late Antiquity: Transforming Public
Space (by Robert R. Chenault), 376
Kay, P., Rome’s Economic Revolution (by Peter Fibiger Bang), 316
Keegan, P., Roles for Men and Women in Roman Epigraphic Culture and Beyond: Gender,
Social Identity and Cultural Practice in Private Latin Inscriptions and the Literary
Record (by Abigail Graham), 295
Keller, D., J. Price and C. Jackson (Eds), Neighbours and Successors of Rome: Traditions of
Glass Production and Use in Europe and the Middle East in the Later 1st Millennium
AD (by Paul T. Nicholson), 380
König, J. and G. Woolf (Eds), Encyclopaedism from Antiquity to the Renaissance (by
Cynthia Damon), 332
Laehn, T. R., Pliny’s Defense of Empire (by Mary Beagon), 355
Larmour, D. H. J., The Arena of Satire: Juvenal’s Search for Rome (by James Uden), 352
Le Bohec, Y., La Guerre romaine: 58 avant J.-C.–235 après J.-C. (by Michael M. Sage),
280
Lindner, M. M., Portraits of the Vestal Virgins, Priestesses of Rome (by Rachel Kousser),
326
Luke, T. S., Ushering in a New Republic: Theologies of Arrival at Rome in the First Century
BCE (by Paul Burton), 276
Lusnia, S. S., Creating Severan Rome: The Architecture and Self-Image of L. Septimius
Severus (AD193–211) (by Clare Rowan), 292
Maire, B., ‘Greek’ and ‘Roman’ in Latin Medical Texts: Studies in Cultural Change and
Exchange in Ancient Medicine (by Christine F. Salazar), 319
Marder, T. A. and M. Wilson Jones (Eds), The Pantheon: from Antiquity to the Present (by
Niccolò Mugnai), 290
Martelli, F. K. A., Ovid’s Revisions: The Editor as Author (by Thea S. Thorsen), 345
Massarelli, R., I Testi etruschi su piombo (by James Clackson), 264
May, R., Apuleius: Metamorphoses or The Golden Ass, Book 1 (by Luca Graverini), 358
McConnell, S., Philosophical Life in Cicero’s Letters (by James E. G. Zetzel), 341
Michaelides, D. (Ed.), Medicine and Healing in the Ancient Mediterranean World (by
Christine F. Salazar), 319
Milnor, K., Graffiti and the Literary Landscape in Roman Pompeii (by R. Benefiel), 298
Montiglio, S., Love and Providence: Recognition in the Ancient Novel (by James Pletcher),
359
Mulryan, M., Spatial ‘Christanisation’ in Context: Strategic Intramural Building in Rome
from the 4th–7th C. AD (by Riccardo Santangeli Valenzani), 374
Murano, F., Le Tabellae Defixionum Osche (by Nicholas Zair), 330
Nechaeva, E., Embassies – Negotiations – Gifts: Systems of East Roman Diplomacy in Late
Antiquity (by Alexander Sarantis), 384
Nicholson, P. T., Working in Memphis, the Production of Faience at Roman Period Kom
Helul (by Susanne Greiff), 313
Nicols, J., Civic Patronage in the Roman Empire (by Arjan Zuiderhoek), 303
Nielsen, I., Housing the Chosen: the Architectural Context of Mystery Groups and Religious
Associations in the Ancient World (by Douglas Ryan Boin), 282
Olivito, R., Il Foro nell’atrio: immagini di architetture, scene di vita e di mercato nel fregio
dai praedia di Iulia Felix (Pompei, II, 4, 3) (by Mantha Zarmakoupi), 300
Oppedisano, F., L’impero d’occidente negli anni di Maioriano (by Kristina Sessa), 385
Papaioannou, S. (Ed.), Terence and Interpretation (by Ariana Traill), 339
Pelttari, A., The Space that Remains: Reading Latin Poetry in Late Antiquity (by Bret
Mulligan), 363
Poulou-Papadimitriou, N., E. Nodarou and V. Kilikoglou (Eds), LRCW4: Late Roman Coarse
Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean. Archaeology and
Archaeometry: the Mediterranean, a Market without Frontiers (by James Gerrard),
382
Power, T. and R. K. Gibson (Eds), Suetonius the Biographer: Studies in Roman Lives (by
Mark Bradley), 354
Rapp, C. and H. A. Drake (Eds), The City in the Classical and Post-Classical World:
Changing Contexts of Power and Identity (by Arjan Zuiderhoek), 303
Richlin, A., Arguments with Silence: Writing the History of Roman Women (by Bonnie
Maclachlan), 294
Roberts, C., Edward Gibbon and the Shape of History (by Paul Cartledge), 386
Roman, L., Poetic Autonomy in Ancient Rome (by Francesca Martelli), 335
Schwartz, S., The Ancient Jews from Alexander to Muhammad (by Sarah Pearce), 281
Shaw, P. (Ed.), The Eternal Letter: two Millennia of the Classical Roman Capital (by
Mujadad Zaman), 328
Simon, C., Römisches Zaumzeug aus Pompeji, Herculaneum und Stabiae: Metallzäume,
Trensen und Kandaren (by Sebastian Schuckelt), 299
Sojc, N., A. Winterling and U. Wilf-Rheidt (Eds), Palast und Stadt im severischen Rom (by
Clare Rowan), 292
Spadea, R. (Ed.), Kroton: studi e ricerche sulla polis achea e il suo territorio (by Edward
Herring), 268
Spaltenstein, F., Commentaire des fragments dramatiques de Naevius (by J. T. Welsh), 338
Steel, C. E. W., The End of the Roman Republic, 146 to 44 BC: Conquest and Crisis (by John
R. Patterson), 275
Stek, T. D. and J. Pelgrom (Eds), Roman Republican Colonization: New Perspectives from
Archaeology and Ancient History (by Kathryn Lomas), 270
Stek, T. D. and G.-J. Burgers (Eds), The Impact of Rome on Cult Places and Religious
Practices in Ancient Italy (by Saskia T. Roselaar), 272
Tarrant, R. J., Texts, Editors, and Readers: Methods and Problems in Latin Textual Criticism
(by S. P. Oakley), 360
Tissol, G. (Ed.), Ovid: Epistulae Ex Ponto, Book I (by Charilaos N. Michalopoulos), 344
Trout, D., Damasus of Rome: the Epigraphic Poetry. Introduction, Texts, Translation and
Commentary (by Geoffrey D. Dunn), 375
Uden, J., The Invisible Satirist: Juvenal and Second-Century Rome (by Tom Geue), 350
Upson-Saia, K., C. Daniel-Hughes and A. J. Batten (Eds), Dressing Judeans and Christians
in Antiquity (by Ellen Swift), 322
Van den Berg, C. S., The World of Tacitus’ Dialogus de Oratoribus: Aesthetics and Empire in
Ancient Rome (by Holly Haynes), 353
Van Hoof, L., Libanius: a Critical Introduction (by Richard Flower), 364
Venturini, F., I Mosaici di Cirene di età ellenistica e romana: un secolo di scoperte (by Ruth
Westgate), 312
Washburn, D. A., Banishment in the Later Roman Empire, 284–476 CE (by Dirk Rohmann),
383
Watts, E. J., The Final Pagan Generation (by Carlos Machado), 367
Weiss, Z., Public Spectacles in Roman and Late Antique Palestine (by Michael Carter), 379
Wienand, J. (Ed.), Contested Monarchy: Integrating the Roman Empire in the Fourth
Century AD (by Alexander Skinner), 361
Wildberger, J. and M. L. Colish (Eds), Seneca Philosophus (by R. Scott Smith), 347
JRS 2016 ABSTRACTS
Ábel Tamás: Erroneous Gazes: Lucretian Poetics in Catullus 64
This article argues for a ‘reciprocal intertextuality’ between Catullus 64 and Lucretius
anticipating the poetic interplays of Augustan poets with the De Rerum Natura. Catullus’
wedding guests (proto-readers), Ariadne (proto-Narcissus), and Aegeus (proto-Dido) are
interpreted here as errantes in the Lucretian sense: through their erroneous gazes presented in
Poem 64, they all exemplify how not to gaze at the structure of the universe. In the LucretioCatullan intertextual space — generated, as it seems, by the Catullan text — a reciprocal way
of reading emerges: while, on the one hand, ‘Catullus’ uses ‘Lucretius’ to show that the
aesthetic experience he offers is dependent upon an erroneous, unLucretian gaze/reading
which deprives us of the external spectator position, ‘Lucretius’, on the other hand, uses
‘Catullan’ characters as deterrent examples in order to teach us how not to submerge in
‘Catullus’ poetics of illusion’.
Clare Rowan:
Ambiguity, Iconology and Entangled Objects on Coinage of the
Republican World
The provincial coinage of the Roman Empire has proven to be a rich source for studying civic
experiences of Roman rule, but the coins struck outside Rome during the expansion of the
Roman Republic have, by contrast, received relatively little attention. This article aims to
begin redressing this neglect by exploring the active rôle of coinage in conceptualizing and
representing Roman Republican power. A variety of approaches to this neglected material are
employed in order to highlight its potential as a source. Ambiguity, iconology, and
entanglement are used as frameworks to explore case studies from across the Roman
Republican world, from Spain to Syria. This approach to coin imagery under the Republic
reveals the complexity and variety in which the Roman presence, and Roman imperium, was
represented before the advent of the Principate.
Celia E. Schultz: Roman Sacrifice, Inside and Out
The ‘insider-outsider problem’ has had little impact on the study of religion in pre-Christian
Rome. Classicists generally assume that the modern idea of sacrifice as the ritual killing of an
animal applies to the Roman context. This study argues, however, that the apparent continuity
is illusory in some important ways and that we have lost sight of some fine distinctions that
the Romans made among the rituals they performed. Sacrificium included vegetal and
inedible offerings, and it was not the only Roman ritual that had living victims. Roman
sacrificium is both less and more than the typical etic notion of sacrifice.
Eleanor Cowan: Contesting Clementia: the Rhetoric of Severitas in Tiberian Rome
before and after the Trial of Clutorius Priscus
This article examines a discussion about punishment which took place in Tiberian Rome.
Should clementia or severitas inform the decisions of the judges and what was the proper
relationship between the authority of the senate and the clementia of the princeps? My
argument has five parts. I begin (I) by examining clementia and severitas in the work of
Velleius Paterculus. I next (II) examine Velleius’ presentation of Tiberius as a figure who
adjudicates punishment in his community. I then (III and IV) argue that Velleius’ ideas were
the product of and sought to contribute to controversy about the ownership and use of
clementia which can be tracked though Tiberius’ principate. Finally (V), I suggest that
Tacitus made use of the rhetoric of clementia and severitas current in Tiberian Rome and that
it influenced his reading of saevitia under the Principate.
Virginia Closs: Neronianis Temporibus: the So-Called Arae Incendii Neroniani and the
Fire of A.D. 64 in Rome’s Monumental Landscape
This essay examines the evidence for the Domitianic ‘Arae Incendii Neroniani’, a presumed
set of monumental altars dedicated to Vulcan in fulfilment of a vow dating back to the
Neronian Fire of A.D. 64. A close reading of the text of the dedicatory inscription creates a
framework for exploring the larger historical and cultural context of these monuments, which
offer a significant illustration of Flavian rhetoric concerning Rome’s post-Neronian
transformation. Reaffirming Julio-Claudian notions of civic identity, collective memory, and
the ruler’s privileged relationship with the gods, the Arae also constitute a conspicuous form
of posthumous reproach to Nero.
Martin Beckmann: Trajan’s Column and Mars Ultor
This paper makes two arguments. The first is that Trajan deliberately orchestrated the
dedication of his Column on 12 May, the anniversary of the dedication of the Temple of Mars
Ultor, to coincide with the beginning of a new war against Parthia in A.D. 113. The second is
that although most modern commentators focus on the function of Mars Ultor as avenger of
Caesar, the evidence of his actual invocation from the late first century B.C. through the third
century A.D. more strongly supports another interpretation: as agent of vengeance against
foreign enemies, and against Parthia/Persia in particular.
Benedikt Eckhardt: Romanization and Isomorphic Change in Phrygia: the Case of
Private Associations
Romanization in the province of Asia did not manifest itself in linguistic or cultural changes,
but is very visible in a trend towards corporate organization. In the cities of western and
southern Phrygia, professional associations developed that were able to gain a prominent
position alongside the civic institutions. It is possible to relate this process to incentives
provided by Roman law. In the villages surrounding these cities, and especially in the rural
areas of northern and eastern Phrygia, the conditions were different, but there are several
indications that a new preference for formal organization and its epigraphic representation
developed here as well.
Paul Schubert: On the Form and Content of the Certificates of Pagan Sacrifice
Certificates of sacrifice (libelli) were produced during the so-called persecution of Decius
(A.D. 250), which is documented through the testimony of Christian authors and through
original certificates preserved on papyrus. The aim of this article is to offer a more detailed
perspective on some specific points in the procedure as regards the production of the papyri.
Although Decius’ edict did not produce an instant and decisive change in the religious
balance of the Empire, the procedure that was put in place nonetheless testifies to the
effectiveness of the existing structure, and also to the capacity of the officials to adapt this
structure so as to obtain maximum compliance from the population.
Carlo Pavolini: A Survey of Excavations and Studies on Ostia (2004–2014)
The paper is a bibliographical and critical survey of the archaeological research on ancient
Ostia and Portus in the decade 2004–2014. The first part deals with some general themes,
such as cults, architectural typologies and urban history, decoration: wall-paintings, mosaics
and marble, the guilds and their seats, trades, etc. The second part is a survey of individual
monuments and buildings which have been the subject of recent excavations and
interpretations. The critical problem of late antique Ostia is treated separately, as well as the
archaeology of Isola Sacra and Portus, with the Imperial harbours.