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Open Source and the Human Genome Project About this talk •who I am •what I do •overview» •Introduction •Crash course in Molecular biology •The Human Genome Project •“Gene patenting” •Open Source bioinformatics •The next wave Molecular biology: a crash course The central dogma DNA RNA protein Protein synthesis and disease The beads of a protein chain Cyro-electron micrograph of very large protein machine the central dogma the levels of protein organization DNA primary secondary RNA tertiary quaternary Protein The big three • Sexual reproduction • Consciousness • Protein folding The Human Genome Project Growth in number of DNA sequences obtained slightly modified from: Boguski: Science (1999) vol. 286, pp453-455 Moore’s Law as applied to Intel CPUs The Sanger Centre A sequencing farm Sanger Centre data storage Progress in HGP Structure of a gene GeneSweep entries “Patenting genes” •Novelty •Invention •Utility •not Excluded Differences in U.S. •Year’s grace •“Utility” narrower e.g. U.S. requires clinical data •Filing date U.S. “first to invent” Open Source Bioinformatics Ensembl aims •Find all protein-coding genes •(guess at gene identity) •distribute the data •find additional features EMBOSS •EMBOSS •NUCLEUS bioinformatics-specific code •AJAX data structures The next wave Acknowledgments • Steve Roberts • Keith Willison • Malcom Herbert • Gino Bellavia
