Download Cell Structures Study Guide

AP Biology: Cell Structures Study Sheet
Key Terms
ATP
active site
active transport
carbohydrate chain
cell theory
cell wall
centriole
chloroplast
cholesterol
coenzyme
cofactor
competitor inhibitor
concentration
concentration gradient
cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
denature
diffusion
endocytosis
endomembrane system
endoplasmic reticulum
eukaryotic cell
exocytosis
facilitated diffusion
Golgi apparatus
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
lysosome
microfilament
microtubule
mitochondrion
nuclear envelope
nucleoid
nucleolus
nucleus
organelle
osmosis
passive transport
phagocytosis
phospholipids bilary
pinocytosis
plasma membrane
plasmid
plasmolysis
prokaryotic cell
receptor-mediated endocytosis
ribosome
solute
solution
solvent
substrate
transport protein
turgor pressure
vacuole
vesicle
non-competitor inhibitor
Study Questions
1. State the 3 parts of the cell theory.
2. What structures are found in all prokaryotic cell?
3. What structures are found in all eukaryotic cells?
4. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
5. Explain the importance of the cell’s small size and its need for a large surface area to volume ratio.
6. Calculate surface area to volume ratio, and use that to compare cell efficiency.
7. What does the “efficiency” of a cell refer to?
8. What types of cells are more chemically active and why? What makes an organism chemically active?
9. Compare and contrast animal and plant cells.
10. Describe each organelle’s role in cell function, including how each helps the cell/organism survive.
11. If each organelle malfunctioned, what is the consequence for the organism/cell?
12. How do the cell and its organelles utilize the four macromolecules in its functions?
13. Describe how the macromolecules relate to the major chemical processes that take place in cells. State the reactants
and products.
14. Differentiate between rough ER and smooth ER.
15. Describe the pathway of a protein, from synthesis to when it finally exits the cell. Include the organelles & explain
what happens at each.
16. Identify the organelles of the endomembrane system and describe the role of each.
17. What is the advantage of having organelles that are compartmentalized?
18. Describe the pathway of glucose in both plant & animal cells. Include the organelles & explain what happens at each.
19. What is ATP and how can it be used?
20. What are the cell processes that involve energy conversions? Describe the types of energy conversions.
21. How do enzymes affect the energy involved in chemical reactions?
22. Explain how high fevers and abnormal pH can be deadly, using specific concepts & terms from the unit. Describe
what won’t work and why.
23. Explain the effects of acids and bases, and heat on enzyme activity.
24. Distinguish between enzyme, substrate, and product. Explain how a chemical reaction involving an enzyme works.
Be able to identify these parts of an enzyme reaction in a chemical equation.
25. Describe how the different enzyme inhibitors block chemical reactions.
26. Draw a cell membrane and label the structures that it is made of. Describe the function of each of those structures.
27. What does selectively permeable mean? In what way is a cell membrane selectively permeable?
28. Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic? hydrophobic?
29. Explain what causes diffusion to happen.
30. Identify the membrane structures used to move molecules through a cell by size and type.
31. How do different-sized molecules enter/leave the cell? Describe using specific types of transport.
32. What is a concentration gradient? How does it affect diffusion?
33. Explain the differences between hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions.
34. Predict where molecules will travel in hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions. What is each type of solutions
impact on cell size?
35. How do turgor pressure and osmosis relate to each other?
36. What are turgor pressure’s effects on plant and animal cells?
37. How does plasmolysis affect plant and animal cells?
38. What are the different types of passive transport? Identify the structures and molecules used in each type.
39. What are the different types of active transport? Identify the structures and molecules used in each type.