Download Exam 1 outlines

Exam 1 outlines
****Disclaimer- This is not an exhaustive list of everything that may or may not be on
the test, this is only a GUIDE. I still reserve the right to test on any material in the book,
lecture or lab, even if it does not appear on this list.
Ch 1 Outline
This chapter is essentially about Science and the Scientific Method. It is an introduction
to science including what it is and how it is performed.
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Be able to describe what science is, and what is does and does not encompass
Be able to describe what biology is
Know the different approaches to science
Be able to describe a hypothesis and write a correct one
Know all the steps to the scientific method
Know the types of reasoning used in science
Be able to describe different controls, variables and groups in a scientific
experiment
8. Be able to graph data and interpret data from a graph
9. Know the levels of organization of life that define the scope of biology and how it
is organized
10. Be able to describe common features shared by all life forms.
Ch 2 Outline
This chapter is all about chemistry and how it applies to biology
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Name the four most abundant elements in the human body.
What is a trace element?
What is an atom made of? What charge does each part have?
What determines the atomic number of an atom?
Be able to describe an isotope and a radioactive isotope
Understand the importance of electrons and how they are arranged around an
atom
7. What is the valence electron shell of an atom? Why is it important?
8. Be able to describe the different types of chemical bonds and how they differ
9. Know the difference between a polar and nonpolar molecule and how they are
formed
10. Know how hydrogen bonds are formed and why they are so significant
11. Understand the pH scale and what it means
12. What is the general form of a chemical reaction and what are the reactants vs
products
Ch 3 outline
This chapter is about molecules that are important to a cell. We are concerned with 4 in
particular, what they are and their functions.
1. What is an organic compound? How is it different from an inorganic compound?
2. What is an isomer?
3. What is a functional group? Be able to describe the 6 functional groups we talked
about, their formula and name.
4. How are monomers and polymers related? Be able to describe and recognize a
dehydration and hydrolysis reaction.
5. Be able to name the 4 classes of biological molecules and their monomers.
6. Know what a monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide are, be able to
describe how they are related.
7. Know how plants and animals store energy and in what form
8. Know what a fatty acid, triglyceride, phospholipids, steroids and waxes are, be
able to recognize their structure and describe their functions.
9. Know the difference between saturated, unsaturated and trans fats.
10. Understand the significance of double bonds in the tails of fatty acids
11. Understand the terms “hydrophobic” and “hydrophilic”, what they refer to and
why they are significant
12. Know what amino acids and proteins are and be able to describe how they are
related.
13. What are the functions of proteins?
14. Know the four levels of protein structure and what their functions are.
15. What happens to a protein that has been “denatured”?
16. What is a prion, how it one created and what does it do?
17. What is an enzyme? How does it affect chemical reactions?
18. Know what nucleotides are, what the five nitrogenous bases in each RNA and
DNA are.
Ch 4 outline
This chapter is the essential cell. It addresses the two types of cells and the organelles tht
help the cell function.
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Understand what limits the size of cells.
Know the main features of prokaryotic cells.
Know the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Be able to name all of the major organelles discussed, label them on a picture and
know their functions.
5. Know the structure and function of cytokeletal structures, cilia, flagella, and
pseudopod.
6. Know the main differences between animal and plant cells.
7. Know the structure and function of cell walls and the main junctions discussed in
animal cells.
Ch 5 outline
This chapter is about energy in the cell and how the cell regulates itself via
movement of solutes and molecules in and out.
1. Know the main components of ATP and how it provides energy for cells.
2. Know where energy is stored in the ATP molecule.
3. Be able to describe what an enzyme does in general, how it affects chemical
reactions and how it does that.
4. Know what specificity, substrate, active site and denature mean in relation to
enzymes
5. Be able to describe different things that affect enzyme activity.
6. Be able to describe enzyme inhibitors.
7. Know the main things found in a cell membrane and their functions.
8. Be able to describe passive transport, diffusion, and osmosis.
9. Describe facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis.
10. Know under what circumstances each type of transport would be used
11. Describe osmosis, and be understand the concepts of hypertonic, hypotonic and
isotonic.
12. Know what would happen to a cell under hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic
conditions