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Transcript
4/25/11 IPHY 3430 4-211 Final: May 21,71:30 pm, Mandatory for all Last day to question grades posted on CU Learn for 2nd and 3rd exams is this Friday, 5 pm. Review session Thursday, 7:30 am Regular office hours this week Endocrine System the other regulatory system It interacts with nervous system in many ways-- 1. NS causes release of some hormones 2. Hormones can act as neuromodulators 3. Endocrine system may use sensory system of nervous system 4. Endocrine and NS can affect the same organs (digestive and circulatory) Characteristics anatomical relation chemical messenger distance of action specificity speed duration Nervous Endocrine neurons wired dispersed neurotransmitters hormones synaptic cleft long distance post-synaptic target cell neuron receptors rapid slow short long 1 4/25/11 Endocrine Glands: Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Gland Pancreas Ovaries Testes Stomach Small Int. Liver Thymus Adipose tissue Thyroid Parathyroid Kidney Placenta Heart Hormones Chemicals produced by one organ (tissue) in the body for regulation, communication or other effects on other tissues in the body (except gastrin). Hormones travel through the blood. Types of Hormones Peptides and Proteins (water soluble) Amines (water soluble or fat soluble) Steroids (fat soluble) 2 4/25/11 Hypothalamus-Pituitary complex Anterior lobe--hormones manufactured in the pituitary, hypothalamus regulates their secretion by varying blood-borne neuropeptide secretion Posterior lobe--hormones manufactured in the hypothalamus, and secretion is regulated by action potentials from the hypothalamus. 3 4/25/11 Posterior Lobe hormones hypothalamus pituitary Vasopressin (ADH)--increase permeability of collecting duct to water, causes vasoconstriction of arterioles Oxytocin--contraction of uterus, ejection of milk from breasts during nursing, facilitates emotional bonding Anterior Lobe Secretion 1.Hypothalamus releases hypophysiotropic hormones into hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system. 2. These hormones bind to receptors on specific cells in pituitary, causing or inhibiting the release of the hormone produced by this cell. 4 4/25/11 Anterior Lobe Hormones-- 1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Stimulates synthesis and release of thyroxin from thyroid gland. Synthesis of thyroxin requires iodine Effects of thyroxin--1.control of metabolic rate, 2. increases effectiveness of SNS by stimulating increase of NE receptors 3. Synergistic with growth hormone 4. Effects on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism Adreno-cortical tropic hormone (ACTH) Adrenal medulla (epinephrine by SNS stim) Adrenal cortex--cortical hormones steroids 1. Aldosterone (not under control of ACTH) 2. Glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone, etc) 5 4/25/11 Glucocorticoids 1. Stimulates gluconeogenesis 2. Inhibits glucose uptake by many tissues, but not brain 3. Stimulates protein breakdown 4. Increase blood glucose concentration 5. Stimulates lipolysis 6. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive 7. Responsive to stress 6