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Natural Selection Picture Vocabulary Biology Natural Selection Differential survival and reproductive success among a group of organisms due to differences in the inherited traits or characteristics of the organisms. Genetic Variation Differences in the alleles among the members of a population. Population All of the interbreeding organisms of the same species within an ecosystem. Biological Fitness An organism’s ability to survive and produce viable, fertile offspring. Adaptation A process by which the heritable characteristics of a population change such that the organisms in the population become better able to survive and reproduce in their environment. Charles Darwin A scientist who developed the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection to explain the observed differences among living things. Reproductive Success The ability to produce fertile offspring. Overpopulation More organisms in an area than an ecosystem can support. Limiting Factor A biotic or abiotic environmental factor that restricts the growth of a population. Biodiversity The sum of the different forms of living things in a given area or population. Subspecies Groups of organisms of the same species that have diverged to have different characteristics but can still interbreed to produce fertile offspring.