Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Hormone replacement therapy (male-to-female) wikipedia , lookup
Hypothyroidism wikipedia , lookup
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy wikipedia , lookup
Neuroendocrine tumor wikipedia , lookup
Hyperandrogenism wikipedia , lookup
Growth hormone therapy wikipedia , lookup
Hyperthyroidism wikipedia , lookup
Graves' disease wikipedia , lookup
Name Date The Endocrine System and Reproduction Class ■ Adapted Reading and Study The Endocrine System (pages 216–221) Hormones and the Endocrine System (pages 217–218) Key Concept: The endocrine system produces chemicals that control many of the body’s daily activities. The endocrine system also regulates long-term changes such as growth and development. • The endocrine system is made up of glands. A gland is an organ that makes a chemical. Some glands release their chemicals into nearby tissues. Endocrine (EN duh krin) glands release their chemicals into the blood. • Chemicals made by endocrine glands are called hormones. Hormones control activities in the body. Hormones turn on, turn off, speed up, or slow down body activities. • Endocrine glands release hormones when the brain sends them messages. For example, the brain can trigger the release of adrenaline. This hormone helps the body respond to emergencies. • Hormones affect only certain cells. The cells affected by hormones are called target cells. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 1. Glands that release hormones into the blood are called glands. 2. Circle the letter of what hormones do. a. make glands b. control activities in the body c. send messages to the brain © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 98 Name Date The Endocrine System and Reproduction Class ■ Adapted Reading and Study 3. Is the following sentence true or false? Endocrine glands are controlled by the brain. 4. Circle the letter of the cells that hormones affect. a. cells of the stomach b. cells of the heart c. target cells Functions of Endocrine Glands (pages 218–220) Key Concept: The endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, thymus, and pancreas. They also include the ovaries in females and testes in males. • Each endocrine gland makes different hormones. So, each gland controls different body activities. • The pituitary (pih TOO ih tehr ee) gland is just below the hypothalamus. It is controlled by the hypothalamus. Most pituitary hormones control other endocrine glands. A few pituitary hormones control body activities directly. For example, the pituitary gland makes growth hormone, which controls growth in children. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 5. Is the following sentence true or false? All endocrine glands make the same hormones. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 99 The Endocrine System and Reproduction • The hypothalamus (hy poh THAL uh mus) is in the brain. It controls all the other endocrine glands. The brain controls the endocrine system by controlling the hypothalamus. Name Date The Endocrine System and Reproduction Class ■ Adapted Reading and Study 6. Read the words in the box. In each sentence below, fill in one of the words. hypothalamus pituitary endocrine a. The gland that makes growth hormone is the gland. b. The brain controls the endocrine system by controlling the Negative Feedback . (pages 220–221) Key Concept: Through negative feedback, when the amount of a particular hormone in the blood reaches a certain level, the endocrine system sends signals that stop the release of that hormone. • The endocrine system works like a furnace and thermostat. When a house is cold, the thermostat signals the furnace to make heat. Once the house is warm, the thermostat signals the furnace to stop making heat. This is an example of negative feedback. In negative feedback, a system is turned on or off by the conditions that it produces. • Negative feedback controls the endocrine glands. The thyroid gland in the neck is a good example. One of the thyroid’s hormones controls how much energy cells have. When cells have too little energy, the thyroid gland releases its hormone. Once cells have enough energy, the thyroid stops releasing its hormone. • If the thyroid gland were a furnace, the hypothalamus would be the thermostat. The hypothalamus senses when cells need more or less energy. The hypothalamus then signals the pituitary gland to release, or to stop releasing, a hormone that controls the thyroid gland. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 100 Name Date The Endocrine System and Reproduction Class ■ Adapted Reading and Study Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas on page 100. 7. How is the endocrine system like a furnace and thermostat? Circle the letter of the correct answer. a. Endocrine glands are turned on and off by their own hormones. b. Endocrine glands are controlled by body heat. c. Endocrine glands cannot work if they run out of fuel from the hypothalamus. 8. The flowchart shows the negative feedback loop that controls the thyroid gland. Fill in the blank with the name of the missing gland. Hypothalamus Body cells Thyroid gland © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 101