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Plants • The power point presentation is for visual illustration only and it is not our main reference. Plants needs • Water and nutrients • Air • Space • Sunlight Getting water and nutrients can be difficult. Plants Non-vascular plants Vascular plants seed Gymnosperms seedless Angiosperms Nonvascular plants Plants Non-vascular plants Vascular plants seed Gymnosperms seedless Angiosperms Nonvascular plants • Small • No transport system • Example: Moss plant Then how do they get water? They are very short and close to the ground to get water directly. Vascular plants • No size limitations • Can be either short or very tall. How do they get water? They have a vascular system. • Vascular plants have a transport system This transport system exist in the stem of trees and can transport water and nutrients up to the highest of trees Vascular plants seed seedless Seed plants • What is a seed? A seed contains: 1- undeveloped plant 2- food 3- protective cover Seed plants Flowering plants (Angiosperms) Pine trees (Gymnosperms) Angiosperms They produce flowers Gymnosperms They do not produce flowers Angiosperms Their seeds are covered by fruits Gymnosperms Their seeds are hard and uncovered Angiosperms Examples: 1-apple tree Gymnosperms Examples: 1-pine tree 2- maple tree 2-fir tree 3- grass Roots Functions of the root Absorbs water and minerals Stores food Anchors the plant Root Epidermis cortex Vascular system Types of roots Aerial Fibrous taproot Prop root Aerial roots Aerial roots How do they get water? Fibrous roots A single clump of grass has 600 km of roots Tap roots Single main root that may have smaller side branches Plants with tap roots often live in dry areas Prop roots Prop roots • They prop up and support the plant so it cannot be knocked over • Examples: corn and mangrove Stem Stem Stem functions Support structure Transport Stem forms • There are 2 types of stems : • 1- soft stems (contain chlorophyll) • 2- woody stems (no chlorophyll) The stem transport function • There are 2 kinds of tissues that make up the stem’s transport system Xylem vessels • They move water and nutrients up • From roots up to leaves Phloem vessels • They move sugar (food) both up and down • They transport food from one part of the plant to the other Cambium • What is cambium? It is the layer that separates the xylem and the phloem. See book page: 53 Leaves • They carry out photosynthesis • They are the food factory • To make photosynthesis they need: Water- carbon dioxide- sunlight leaves • They are flat and broad. Why? ….. • They contain chlorophyll. Why?.... • The top layer of the leaf has a waxy cuticle. A waxy cuticle is a waterproof layer to prevent the moisture from evaporating. leaves • How do leaves get carbon dioxide? Through Stomata A stoma is a singular pore that allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and air and water to leave the leaf. • The stoma is controlled by 2 guard cells • When the water leaves the leaf through stomata this is called: photosynthesis Photosynthesis equation Cellular respiration Photosynthesis and cellular respiration Thank you Menna Elfouly