Download Types of Relationships - Notes 1. Types of Relationships

Types of Relationships - Notes
1. Types of
Relationships
 Competitive
 Predator (Predation)
 Symbiotic
2. Competitive
Relationships
 The struggle between organisms to survive
as they attempt to use the same limited
resources
 Some species will adapt so that they may
coexist
 Ex: warblers (pg 724)
3. Predation
 An interaction in which one organism kills
another for food
 Ex: green tree python eats a mouse
4. Symbiosis
 “living together”
 A relationship in which there is a close and
permanent association between organisms
of different species
 Three Types: mutualism, commensalisms,
parasitism
a. Mutualism
 A relationship in which both species
benefits
 Ex: Oxpeckers (bird) and zebras: the
oxpecker eats the ticks and parasites
from the zebra (food) and in return, the
zebra is clean and parasite free
 A relationship in which one species benefits
and the other species is neither helped nor
harmed
 Ex: the remora (fish) and the shark – the
remora attaches itself to the shark and
eats the scraps left over by the shark
b. Commensalism
c.
Parasitism
How are
predation and
parasitic
relationships
different?
 A relationship in which one organism lives on
or inside another organism and is causing
harm
 Ex: tapeworms & animals— tapeworm feeds
on the food in its host stomach and
deprives the host of proper nutrients

(write your own answer)
5. Native
Species
 An animal or plant that originated in a
particular place or region ex: cacti are
native to Arizona
6. Non-Native
Species
 Plants or animals originating in a part of
the world other than where they are
growing ex: orange trees are non-native
species. Also called: alien species,
introduced species, exotic, non-indigenous.
It is also common for fish to be
"introduced" to lakes & rivers for
recreational fishing purposes
7. Natural
Selection
 the process by which individuals that are
better adapted to the environment will
survive and reproduce
 harmful variations are able to be taken out
of the gene pool
 helpful variations gradually accumulate in
the species
8. Factors that
affect
Natural
Selection
9. Charles
Darwin
10. Darwin’s
Finches
 Overproduction: species produce more
offspring than can survive. The “weak” are
usually weeded out. Ex: Sea Turtles
 Variations: a difference between individuals
of the same species. Ex: color, type of
food insects can eat, pesticide repellent
insects
 Competition: Food and other resources are
limited- the members of the species must
compete with each other to survive. This
does not always include fighting- some
animals can’t find enough to eat or they
are caught by predators.
 Scientist aboard the HMS Beagle in 1831.
He was the ship’s “naturalist” – the person
who studies the natural world.
 Went to the Galapagos Islands
 Saw plants & animals he had never seen
before
 Wondered “why are they so different from
those in England?”
 1858 Darwin proposed as explanation for
how evolution (changes in species over time)
could occur in nature.
 Published The Origin of Species
 Considered the father of evolution and
natural selection
 Darwin made drawings of four species of
Galapagos finches. The structure of each
bird’s beak is an adaptation related to the
type of food the bird eats.
 Darwin collected finches from each of the
different islands in the Galapagos.