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Types of Relationships - Notes 1. Types of Relationships Competitive Predator (Predation) Symbiotic 2. Competitive Relationships The struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources Some species will adapt so that they may coexist Ex: warblers (pg 724) 3. Predation An interaction in which one organism kills another for food Ex: green tree python eats a mouse 4. Symbiosis “living together” A relationship in which there is a close and permanent association between organisms of different species Three Types: mutualism, commensalisms, parasitism a. Mutualism A relationship in which both species benefits Ex: Oxpeckers (bird) and zebras: the oxpecker eats the ticks and parasites from the zebra (food) and in return, the zebra is clean and parasite free A relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither helped nor harmed Ex: the remora (fish) and the shark – the remora attaches itself to the shark and eats the scraps left over by the shark b. Commensalism c. Parasitism How are predation and parasitic relationships different? A relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and is causing harm Ex: tapeworms & animals— tapeworm feeds on the food in its host stomach and deprives the host of proper nutrients (write your own answer) 5. Native Species An animal or plant that originated in a particular place or region ex: cacti are native to Arizona 6. Non-Native Species Plants or animals originating in a part of the world other than where they are growing ex: orange trees are non-native species. Also called: alien species, introduced species, exotic, non-indigenous. It is also common for fish to be "introduced" to lakes & rivers for recreational fishing purposes 7. Natural Selection the process by which individuals that are better adapted to the environment will survive and reproduce harmful variations are able to be taken out of the gene pool helpful variations gradually accumulate in the species 8. Factors that affect Natural Selection 9. Charles Darwin 10. Darwin’s Finches Overproduction: species produce more offspring than can survive. The “weak” are usually weeded out. Ex: Sea Turtles Variations: a difference between individuals of the same species. Ex: color, type of food insects can eat, pesticide repellent insects Competition: Food and other resources are limited- the members of the species must compete with each other to survive. This does not always include fighting- some animals can’t find enough to eat or they are caught by predators. Scientist aboard the HMS Beagle in 1831. He was the ship’s “naturalist” – the person who studies the natural world. Went to the Galapagos Islands Saw plants & animals he had never seen before Wondered “why are they so different from those in England?” 1858 Darwin proposed as explanation for how evolution (changes in species over time) could occur in nature. Published The Origin of Species Considered the father of evolution and natural selection Darwin made drawings of four species of Galapagos finches. The structure of each bird’s beak is an adaptation related to the type of food the bird eats. Darwin collected finches from each of the different islands in the Galapagos.