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Veggie U Glossary aerate- to cause air to circulate through analyze- to study anatomy- the science dealing with the structure of animals and plants anther- the part of the stamen that contains the pollen bacteria- one celled organisms found in rotting matter, air, soil and living things bud- an underdeveloped stem or branch of a plant burrow- to make a hole or passage into or under something calorie dense- foods that are high in calories, but not necessarily in nutritional value calories- a quantity of food capable of producing energy carbohydrate- simple sugars stored in a cell as a source of energy chlorophyll- the green colors found in the chloroplast of plants chloroplast-the food producer of a plant cell clay- stiff, sticky, fine-grained soil component that can be molded when wet climate- a region with specified weather conditions clitellum- a band of tissue on a worn that secretes a cocoon where eggs are deposited for fertilization clustered- to gather into bunches coarse- having large pieces or particles cocoon (worm)- tiny, lemon-shaped sack containing worm embryos composition- the combining of distinct parts or elements to form a whole compost- a mixture of largely decayed matter of once living things cotyledon- the primary leaf of the embryo of seed plants Veggie U 2015/16 Glossary Page A17 cover crops- a crop planted to prevent soil erosion and replace nutrients crop (worm)- a pouch for holding and crushing food cuticle- a very thin substance covering the surface of plants daily value- the recommended amount of nutritional needs on a daily basis decay- to go through decomposition decomposition- the breakdown or decay of organic materials depletion- to run out of resources dicots- a flowering plant with two cotyledons in the seed digestion- the process of breaking down food into substances that can be used by the body dormant- in a state of rest or inactivity embryo- the beginning stage of living organisms emergence- an outgrowth on a plant endosperm- nutritive matter in seed-plant ovules energy- any source of usable power environment- the factors that influence a plant or animal’s community exoskeleton- a hard supporting protective structure on the outside of the seed expenditure- the act of using energy fat- a component of food that serves as a source of energy for the body fat soluble- dissolvable in fat or oil fertilization- the enrichment of soil for the production of crops fertilizers- a substance used to make soil produce larger or more plant life fibrous- containing fibers Veggie U 2015/16 Glossary Page A18 filament- the stalk like portion of a stamen fine- very thin or slender flower- the blossom of a plant food groups- five categories of food developed to meet the daily nutrient requirements germinate- to begin to develop and sprout from a seed gizzard- a large muscular part of the digestive tube grow lights- a light bulb designed to mimic the sunlight necessary for plant growth homosapiens- the species to which humans belong humus- dark organic materials in the soil hypothesize- to form a hypothesis, an assumption made to test its consequences insecticides- a chemical used to kill insects intake- the act of taking in interview- a formal meeting in which someone evaluates another person lateral root- horizontal root that extends from the primary or secondary root leaf- an outgrowth of a stem loam- a mixture of sand, silt and clay major minerals- seven minerals essential to human life in quantities over 100mg per day; calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and sulfur maturity- the state of being fully grown or ripe medium- an element that is the natural habitat of an organism metamorphosis- an extraordinary change in appearance minerals- a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence modified- to change or alter Veggie U 2015/16 Glossary Page A19 monocot- the class of plants having a single cotyledon nasturtium- an example of a perfect flower nutrient- substances found in food that are needed for good health nutrition- the process by which a plant or animal takes in and makes use of food substances organic- plants or food produced without the use of laboratory made fertilizers ovary- the enlarged lower part of the pistil that includes the seeds ovules- a small structure in seed plants that develop into seed after fertilization petal- one of the brightly colored parts of the plant that surrounds the reproductive organs (modified leaf) petiole- the slender stalk by which a leaf is attached to a stem phloem cells- these cells help to move food from the leaves to the rest of the plants photosynthesis- the process by which green plants use light as a source of energy phytochemicals- chemicals naturally found in fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes that may have a positive impact on health pistil- the seed-bearing organ of a flower pollen- a fine, powder-like material that is produced by the anthers of seed plants and contains male spores pollinate- to transfer pollen to the stigma of a flower potential- the possibility of growing or developing prediction- a statement made about the future prejudice- an opinion formed before knowing the facts primary root- the first root produced by a germinating seed processing- to change or prepare by special treatment Veggie U 2015/16 Glossary Page A20 protein- a plant or animal tissue rich in nutrients region- a broad geographic area rejuvenate- to give new life to resistance- to oppose or resist revolution- a single, complete change roots- the underground anchor of a plant that absorbs moisture and nutrients rotation- one complete turn sand- fine debris from rocks saturate- to soak completely secondary root- mature, thicker roots with additional vascular tissues seedling- a young plant seeds- the ovule of a flowering plant sepals- one of the separate green parts that form the calyx of the flower serving size- a portion of food used in reference to a nutrition label silt- fine sand carried by moving water and deposited as sediment stamen- the pollen-bearing organ of a flower, consists of the filament and the anther stem- the stalk that supports a leaf, flower, or a fruit tap roots- the most prominent root of a plant temperate- associated with a climate that is mild testa- the outer, usually hard, coating of a seed trace minerals- fourteen minerals essential to human live in quantities less than 100mg per day tubers- a swollen, usually underground, stem of a plant Veggie U 2015/16 Glossary Page A21 variable- tending to change vitamins- a group of organic substances essential in small quantities for normal metabolism water- a transparent, colorless, tasteless liquid necessary for life water soluble- capable of dissolving in water xylem cells- vascular tissues within a plant cell Veggie U 2015/16 Glossary Page A22