Download Unit Three Worksheet – Meteorology/Oceanography

Unit Three Worksheet – Meteorology/Oceanography
WS – DGE – U3 – 1
Name_________________________________________________ Period__________________
Section 9.1
Multiple Choice.
Select the answer that best completes the statement and write the letter for that
answer in the space provided.
_______1.
The energy for the water cycle comes from the ___.
(A) atmosphere
(B) ocean
(C) soil
(D) sun
_______2.
How does water move from plants to the atmosphere?
(A) condensation (B) infiltration (C) precipitation
(D) runoff
(E) transpiration
_______3.
Which of these processes of the water cycle is a direct effect of the sun’s energy?
(A) formation of precipitation
(C) evaporation
(B) runoff of water over soil
(D) seeping of water into soil
_______4.
Light, gentle precipitation is ___ likely as/than heavy rain to end up as runoff.
(A) as
(B) less
(C) more
_______5.
Approximately what percentage of Earth’s precipitation falls in the ocean?
(A) 5%
(B) 25%
(C) 75%
(D) 99%
_______6.
Condensation is a change in water from a ___.
(A) solid to liquid
(C) liquid to solid
(B) gas to liquid
(D) liquid to gas
Short Answer. Answer the following questions.
7.
How is Earth’s water cycle balanced?
8.
Where is most of Earth’s water located?
9.
What part does infiltration play in the water cycle?
10.
What would happen if evaporation exceeded precipitation over the continents and oceans?
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Chapter 15
Matching.
Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used
more than once.
_____11. Breaker
A)
_____12. Coriolis effect
_____13. Density
B)
C)
_____14. Density current
D)
_____15. Fetch
_____16. Gyre
E)
_____17. Mixed zone
_____18. Neap tide
F)
G)
_____19. Ocean current
H)
_____20. Pycnocline
I)
_____21. Salinity
J)
_____22. Spring tide
K)
_____23. Surface current
_____24. Temperature profile
L)
M)
N)
_____25. Thermocline
_____26. Tidal range
_____27. Tide
O)
P)
Q)
R)
S)
_____28. Upwelling
T)
_____29. Wave height
U)
_____30. Wave period
Transition ocean layer that lies between the relatively warm
sunlit surface layer and the colder, dark, dense bottom layer
and is characterized by temperatures that decrease rapidly
with depth
Measure of the amount of salts dissolved in seawater
Periodic rise and fall of sea level caused by the gravitational
attraction among Earth, the moon, and the sun
Upward movement of ocean water that occurs when winds
push surface water aside and it is replaced with cold, deep
water that originates on the ocean bottom
Deflects moving particles such as air to the right above the
equator and to the left below the equator and is caused by
Earth’s rotation
Mass divided by volume
Movement of ocean water that occurs in depths too great to
be affected by surface winds and is generated by differences
in water temperature and salinity
Plots changing ocean water temperatures with depth, which
varies, depending on location and season
Collapsing wave that forms when a wave reaches shallow
water and is slowed by friction with the ocean bottom
An area of the ocean surface with uniform temperatures
created by the mixing of water by waves, currents, and tides
A layer of water in which there is a rapid change of density
with depth
Large circular surface current pattern found in each ocean
Mass of ocean water that flows from one place to another
Movement of water that flows horizontally in the upper part
of the ocean’s surface
Distance that wind has traveled across open water
Lowest tidal range
Highest tidal range
Difference in height between successive high and low tides
Time interval between the passage of successive crests at
a stationary point
The vertical distance between the trough and crest of a
wave
The horizontal distance separating successive crests or
troughs
_____31. Wavelength
Multiple Choice.
_______32.
Select the answer that best completes the statement and write the letter for that
answer in the space provided.
The most abundant salt in seawater is ___.
(A) calcium chloride
(C) sodium chloride
(B) magnesium chloride
(D) sodium fluoride
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_______33.
Which of the following processes does NOT lead to a decrease in the salinity of
seawater?
(A) evaporation
(C) runoff from land
(B) precipitation
(D) sea ice melting
_______34.
Which of the following zones is NOT a zone in the three-layered structure of the ocean
according to density?
(A) deep zone
(B) intertidal zone
(C) mixed zone
(D) transition zone
_______35.
Thermoclines in oceans are best developed at ___.
(A) lower latitudes
(C) both high and low latitudes
(B) higher latitudes
(D) regions close to continents
_______36.
About what percentage of seawater is dissolved salts?
(A) 96.5%
(B) 9.65%
(C) 3.5%
(D) 35%
_______37.
Which of the following would cause surface ocean water to have a higher salt content?
(A) A river flowing into the ocean
(B) The melting of sea ice
(C) High rates of evaporation and low rates of precipitation
(D) Low rates of evaporation and high rates of precipitation
_______38.
Which process does NOT add salts to seawater?
(A) Weathering of crustal rock
(C) Volcanic gases
(B) Decay of hard-shelled sea creatures
(D) Flow of rivers into the ocean
_______39.
Which of the following factors influences the size of a wave?
(A) wind speed (B) air temperature (C) deep-current speed
(D) water density
_______40.
The direction of water particles in a wave in deep water can best be described as
moving ___.
(A) forward
(C) in a long ellipse
(B) up and down
(D) in a circle
_______41.
Spring tides occur twice every ___.
(A) day
(B) week
(C) month
(D) year
_______42.
Which of the following occurs when waves approach a shoreline?
(A) The wavelength increases.
(C) The wave period increases.
(B) The wave height decreases.
(D) The wave height increases.
_______43.
What causes ocean surface currents?
(A) gravitational attraction
(B) friction between the ocean and wind on its surface
(C) ocean movements associated with earthquakes
(D) changes in water density
_______44.
Currents affect climate by ___.
(A) making ocean water evaporate
(B) transferring heat and cold between the tropics and polar regions
(C) changing the density of water in the tropics
(D) transferring heat from the polar regions to the tropics
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_______45.
What is the importance of upwelling?
(A) It brings warm water from the tropics to the poles.
(B) It decreases winds along exposed coastlines.
(C) It helps warm the North Atlantic gyre.
(D) It brings dissolved nutrients to the ocean’s surface.
_______46.
A decrease in seawater temperature or an increase in salinity causes ___.
(A) upwelling along tropical coasts
(B) an increase in seawater density
(C) the circulation of ocean gyres
(D) a decrease in seawater density
_______47.
What causes density currents to form in the Mediterranean Sea?
(A) condensation
(B) evaporation
(C) transpiration
(D) upwelling
_______48.
Most ocean waves get their energy from ___.
(A) the sun
(B) plate movement
(C) the moon’s gravitational attraction
(D) the wind
_______49.
Which of the following factors does NOT help determine the height, length, and period of
a wave?
(A) Wind speed
(C) Fetch
(B) Temperature
(D) How long the wind blows
_______50.
When waves grow so tall that they topple over, they form ocean breakers called ___.
(A) whitecaps
(B) fetch
(C) tsunamis
(D) crests
_______51.
The force that produces tides is ___.
(A) gravity
(B) friction
(C) centripetal force
_______52.
(D) acceleration
Ocean tides result largely from the gravitational attraction of the ___.
(A) sun
(B) core of Earth
(C) closest neighboring planets
(D) moon
Short Answer. Answer the following question.
53.
What are the sources of salt in ocean water?
54.
Explain the relationships between latitude and sea surface temperature.
55.
What factors affect the density of ocean water?
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56.
Why do red fish look black at ocean water depths greater than about 10 meters?
57.
Why are upwelling waters always cold?
Chapter 11
Matching.
Match the atmospheric layer with its description.
_______58. Has the highest temperatures of all atmospheric layers
_______59. Has the coldest temperatures of all atmospheric layers
A)
B)
C)
D)
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Troposphere
_______60. Contains the “ozone layer”
_______61. Temperature in this layer decreases at an average rate of 6.5°C per kilometer.
_______62. Contains a majority mass of the atmosphere
_______63. Layer that blends into outer space
_______64. Atmospheric layer where most commercial planes and jets fly
_______65. Layer that contains the ionosphere
_______66. Layer with an upper boundary of the stratopause
_______67. Layer with a lower boundary of the stratopause
_______68. Layer with an upper boundary of the mesopause
_______69. Layer with a lower boundary of the mesopause
_______70. Layer with an upper boundary of the tropopause
_______71. Layer with a lower boundary of the tropopause
_______72. Layer containing the exosphere
_______73. Layer containing weather changes
_______74. Contains almost all the water and carbon dioxide of the atmosphere
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_______75. Layer of the atmosphere most responsible for deflection of radio waves back to Earth
Matching.
Match the energy transfer method with its description.
_______76. Has a wavelength
A)
B)
C)
_______77. Method used in fluids
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
_______78. Method most used to deliver energy while shaking hands
_______79. Requires no medium for transfer
_______80. Requires a solid for transfer
_______81. Requires a liquid or gas for transfer
_______82. Most responsible for transfer of air on Earth
_______83. Most related to the concept of “albedo”
_______84. Create winds
Multiple Choice.
_______85.
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
Water vapor is added to the atmosphere primarily by ___.
(A) convection
(B) evaporation
(C) condensation
(D) precipitation
_______86.
The constant movement of water between the atmosphere and Earth’s surface is called
the ___.
(A) atmospheric cycle
(C) precipitation cycle
(B) cloud cycle
(D) water cycle
_______87.
Raindrops may separate sunlight into a range of colors, thereby causing ___.
(A) a mirage
(C) acid precipitation
(B) an inferior mirage
(D) a rainbow
_______88.
Which of the following phenomena is responsible for red sunsets?
(A) reflection
(B) albedo
(C) convection
(D) scattering
_______89.
The white color of a foggy sky is produced by the phenomenon called ___.
(A) reflection
(B) scattering
(C) refraction
(D) albedo
_______90.
The vertical movement of air due to uneven heating is called ___.
(A) convection
(B) conduction
(C) radiation
(D) refraction
_______91.
Ozone in Earth’s atmosphere is important because it ___.
(A) causes rain to fall
(C) absorbs harmful pollution
(B) absorbs harmful radiation
(D) helps clouds form
_______92.
The amount of energy the atmosphere absorbs depends in part on its level of ___.
(A) nitrogen (B) argon (C) nitrogen dioxide (D) carbon dioxide
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_______93.
During one part of the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is removed from the air mainly by
nitrogen-fixing ___.
(A) bacteria
(B) waves
(C) minerals
(D) crystals
_______94.
Which of the following is an example of climate?
(A) A sudden snowstorm resulted in subzero temperatures and 30 cm of new snow.
(B) In southern California, temperatures are generally mild and rainfall is low.
(C) Record-breaking low temperatures caused a sudden freeze one day in Des Moines.
(D) A week of rain caused widespread flooding in Seattle.
_______95.
Seasonal changes occur because of ___.
(A) Earth’s tilt
(C) the distance between Earth and the moon
(B) Earth’s shape
(D) the time of year
_______96.
Which of the following results when there is a temperature difference between two
objects?
(A) One object will always have more heat then the other object.
(B) Both objects will gain more and more heat.
(C) Heat is transferred from one object to the other.
(D) The temperature of both objects increases.
_______97.
The average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in a particular substance is known
as ___.
(A) temperature
(B) heat
(C) conduction
(D) convection
_______98.
Because of convection, the warmest air in a room ___.
(A) spreads out in all directions
(B) rises toward the ceiling
(C) transfers heat to the walls
(D) sinks toward the floor
_______99.
Which of the following is an example of radiation?
(A) A metal spoon becomes warm after being set in a pot of boiling water.
(B) Warm water rises because it is less dense than cool water.
(C) Pancake batter cooks quickly after being spooned onto a hot griddle.
(D) Our atmosphere is constantly being heated by the sun.
_______100. Which of the following is NOT true about radiation?
(A) Radiation cannot travel through a vacuum.
(B) The hottest radiating bodies produce the shortest wavelengths.
(C) All objects emit radiant energy.
(D) Objects that absorb radiation well emit radiation equally as well.
_______101. The blue color of the sky is the result of ___.
(A) conduction
(B) scattering
(C) reflection
(D) absorption
_______102. What causes clouds to reflect a portion of sunlight back to space?
(A) The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere
(B) Evaporation from the land
(C) Temperature differences between the land and the atmosphere
(D) A characteristic known as albedo
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Short Answer. Answer the following questions.
103.
Why is the atmospheric pressure lower beneath a mass of warm air than beneath a mass of
cold air?
104.
Describe how the process of convection helps warm Earth’s surface.
105.
Why does temperature increase with height through the stratosphere?
106.
Of the three main methods to transfer energy, what most likely plays the greatest role in
warming the upper troposphere? Explain.
107.
Based on what you know about radiation, convection, and conduction, what conclusion might
you make about summer temperatures in a large city compared with those in the surrounding
countryside?
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