Download Unit 3 Post Test Heredity and Genetics

Form A (Master Copy)
Unit 3 Post Test: Heredity and Genetics
Unit 3 Post Test: Heredity and Genetics » Form A (Master Copy)
Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.
1.
In a particular dog breed, a brown dog and a black
dog mate and have puppies. Some of the puppies are
brown, some are yellow, and some are black. Which of
these explains why the puppies are different colors?
A.
The different colors are caused by the food the
parents ate.
B.
Color is determined by a combination of the
parents' genes.
C.
All female puppies of this breed are brown, and all
male puppies are black.
5.
the location on Earth where one is born.
B.
the amount of stress during pregnancy.
Sexual reproduction is a faster process.
B.
Sexual reproduction allows genetic variation.
D.
6.
Traits that are inherited are a result of
A.
A.
C. Sexual reproduction produces identical offspring.
Each puppy has a number of genes that is
D.
different from the number each parent has.
2.
Sam is listing the characteristics of sexual
reproduction. Which characteristic is an advantage of
sexual reproduction?
George Washington XIV decides that he likes a
particular cherry tree in his year. He makes a number
of cuttings from this tall, white-flowered parent tree.
The cuttings grow up into new cherry trees. What is
true about the offspring cherry trees produced from
cuttings?
A.
The offspring trees will be inferior to the parent
tree.
B.
The offspring trees are clones of the parent tree
and should look very similar.
C.
The offspring trees will vary greatly in height but
they will all have white flowers.
C. environmental factors.
D. one or more genes.
3.
Which statement BEST compares the characteristics
of offspring produced by sexual reproduction to the
characteristics of offspring produced by asexual
reproduction?
A.
Offspring produced by both sexual and asexual
reproduction are identical to their parents.
B.
Offspring produced by both sexual and asexual
reproduction are not identical to their parents.
Some offspring trees will develop white flowers,
D. while others will develop flowers of different
colors.
7.
Offspring produced by sexual reproduction are
C. identical to their parents, while those produced
asexually are not.
Offspring produced by asexual reproduction are
D. identical to their parents, while those produced
sexually are not.
4.
Mitosis takes place in plant cells, whereas meiosis
takes place in animal cells.
B.
Mitosis takes place in reproductive cells, whereas
meiosis takes place in body cells.
C.
Mitosis takes place in body cells, whereas meiosis
takes place in reproductive cells.
What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?
A.
homozygous dominant alleles
B.
heterozygous alleles
C. at least one dominant allele
D. one dominant and one recessive allele
8.
All cells divide either by mitosis or meiosis. Which of
these BEST describes the cell types in which these
processes occur?
A.
Sexual reproduction requires only one parent to
produce offspring.
When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each
sex cell will contribute
A.
one fourth the number of chromosomes in body
cells.
B.
half the number of chromosomes in body cells.
C. the normal number of chromosomes in body cells.
D. twice the number of chromosomes in body cells.
Mitosis takes place in complex organisms,
D. whereas meiosis takes place in primitive
organisms.
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Unit 3 Post Test: Heredity and Genetics » Form A (Master Copy)
9.
Ranchers historically have used genetics to produce
new varieties of cattle. Buffalo can tolerate both hot
and cold temperatures but have meat that is not as
tasty and tender as beef. Cattle that are subjected to
severe temperature extremes produce meat that is
neither tender nor good-tasting. What good qualities
might a "beefalo" (cross between cattle and buffalo)
possess?
A.
Animals that tolerate heat and cold but do not
have good-tasting meat.
B.
Animals with good-tasting meat but no tolerance
to heat.
13.
10.
Animals that tolerate cold but do not have goodtasting meat.
14.
B.
Both genes and environmental factors.
What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant
from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea
plants?
A.
one in four
B.
two in four
C. three in four
D. four in four
15.
If a homzygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a
homozygous white guinea (bb), what is the probablility
that an offspring will have black fur?
Brown eys are dominant to blue eys. Both of Donna's
parents have brown eyes, but Donna has blue eyes.
What is the BEST explanation for why Donna has blue
eyes?
A.
25%
A.
B.
50%
All of Donna's grandparents must have had blue
eyes.
B.
Both of Donna's parents carry a gene for blue
eyes.
C.
Donna's mother probably carries the gene for blue
eyes.
D.
Donna's father probably carries the gene for blue
eyes.
D. 100%
12.
Genes only.
D. A person's karyotype.
C. 75%
11.
A.
C. A person's blood type.
Animals that tolerate heat and cold and have
C.
good-tasting meat.
D.
What factors can affect a person's height?
What would be the bet way to predict the probability of
a baby having cystic fibrosis?
A.
by studying the parents' karyotypes.
B.
by studing the family's pedigree chart.
C.
by exploring the new methods of genetic
engineering.
D.
by determining whether the parents have
codominant alleles.
16.
The Human Genome Project can help genetic
engineers produce human proteins because
Thad is a potato farmer who is trying to produce
potatoes that are large and resistant to fungus. Which
of these would be best for him to use to produce only
large, fungus-free potatoes?
A.
budding
B.
fertilizers
C. irrigation system
D. selective breeding
A.
identical twins have identical DNA.
B.
the Human Genome Project has determined the
structure of transfer RNA.
C.
the Human Genome Project has determined the
structure of human proteins.
17.
to produce a protein, geneticists must know the
D.
sequence of DNA bases that codes for the protein.
Which of these traits is controlled by a gene with
multiple alleles?
A.
straight hairline
B.
smile dimples
C. widow's peak
D. blood type
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Unit 3 Post Test: Heredity and Genetics » Form A (Master Copy)
18.
What happens during meiosis?
22.
Genetic disorders are caused by
A.
Two sex cells combine.
A.
pedigrees
B.
Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed
into new sex cells.
B.
DNA mutations or changes in chromosomes
C. Dominant alleles only.
Each sex cell copies iteself to form four new
C.
chromosomes.
D.
D. Recessive alleles only.
Chromosome pairs remain together when new sex
cells are formed.
23.
19.
The picture above shows a starfish common to the
Mediterranean Sea. They are a problem because they
tangle fishing nets and eat shellfish, such as oysters.
Frustrated fishermen would pick starfish out of their
nets and cut them into little pieces. Unfortanately, this
only helped the starfish to reproduce and make more
starfish. This type of reproduction is
A.
sexual reproduction by regeneration.
B.
sexual reproduction through gamete production.
Students made a chart of different models
showing the reproduction process in four
organisms.
Part A
What conclusions can you make about the type of
reproduction used by each organism in the chart?
Part B
Explain the difference between the number of parent
cells in the reproduction of the bacteria and the fish
shown in the chart.
Part C
Explain one advantage for the type of reproduction
used by bacteria.
Part D
Compare the genes in the fist offspring with the genes
in both parent fish.
C. asexual reproduction by budding.
D. asexual reproduction by fragmentation.
20.
All living things are created through a process of
A.
growth
B.
metabolism
C. respiration
D. reproduction
21.
Hemophilia is caused by a(an)
A.
recessive allele on the X chromosome.
B.
extra chromosome.
C. dominant allele.
D. codominant allele.
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Unit 3 Post Test: Heredity and Genetics » Form A (Master Copy)
24.
Broccoli and cauliflower are related to the wild mustart
plant. The diagram shows pictures of the ancestor
plant as well as the modern day vegetables.
Mustard plants are very easy to grow. A single
mustard plant can produce as many as 100 seeds.
Some of the seed produces plants with characteristics
different from the original parent plants. Over time,
farmers kept careful records of the plants that
developed from different seeds. They would save the
seeds from those plants for future planting. By using
selective breeding the farmers developed plants with
the large immature flowers that people could eat.
These are the modern broccoli and cauliflower plants.
The life cycle of the broccoli varies from 60 to 150
days. The life cycle of cauliflower varies from 95 to
203 days.
Part A
Explain how all three plants reproduce.
Part B
What causes the differences in the three plants?
Part C
Identify the process used by farmers to develop the
broccoli and cauliflower plants from the mustard plant.
Why was it important to keep careful records during
the process?
Part D
Propose a hypothesis about how farmers could
develop carrot seeds that produce very sweet carrots.
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