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Download Guided Notes Rise of Rome The Geography
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Name: ________________________________________ Class Period: _______ Date: _____________ Guided Notes Rise of Rome I. II. III. IV. The Geography of Rome The 750 mile long _______________________, or __________, extends out into the ________________________, and is only 120 miles wide. The ancient city of _________ was built inland along the ___________________, on top of _________________. What are the advantages of the city’s location? By being located inland, Rome was provided ________________________________________, being built on hills made the city easily ______________________, and being located along the Tiber River enabled _______________________. Notes: V. The area did not contain rugged mountain ranges as in Greece, and so the __________________ ___________________________________. Italy also had some _________________________________, unlike in Greece, which provided support for a large population. The city’s location was a ________________________ for trade along the peninsula, and it was central location from which to expand. Once Rome ___________________________, the peninsula’s central location made it easier to ____________________________________________. VI. VII. VIII. Notes: I. II. III. The Founding of Rome The national epic of Rome, the _________________________ under the reign of Augustus, tells of how the ________________________________. According to the Aeneid, the survivors from the fallen city of ___________________________ _______________, underwent a series of adventures around the Mediterranean, and eventually reached the __________________. One of the _______________________ was raped by ____, and then gave birth to ___________ _____________, who are the traditional ________________________ from myth. Notes: 1 IV. V. VI. VII. The story tells of a prophecy that the brothers would _____________________________, so he ordered them to be _____________________. The servants who were to drown the infants _________________ and left them along the Tiber, where they were _____________________________ until _____________________________ as his sons. When Remus and Romulus became adults, they decided to ______________________, but they quarreled, and ________________________________. Thus Rome began with a _________________, a story that was later taken to represent the city's _________________________________________. Notes: VIII. IX. X. Between 1500 to 1000 BC, Indo-European peoples moved into the Italian Peninsula. One of these groups was the ___________, herders and farmers who established ____________ ________________________________. Around 800 BC, the _____________________ and passed on to the Romans their ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________. Notes: I. II. III. IV. The Etruscans Around the same time, the ________________________________, and around 650 BC came to ___________________ and the surrounding area. The Etruscans ___________________________________________ even more than the Greeks. The Etruscans __________________, but launched a building program that ________________. From the Etruscans, the Romans __________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________. Notes: I. II. III. The Republic In 509 BC, the Romans _________________________________________________________. A republic is a ________________________________________________________________, and at least ______________________________________. Roman society was divided into two orders; the _______________________, who were Rome’s ruling class, and the ____________________________________________________________. 2 Notes: IV. V. _____________________________, but only patricians could be elected to government offices. ________________________ every year by the Senate _____________________, the highest elected office, to ________________________ and lead __________________________. VI. The _________________ was comprised of 300 patricians who served as a ________________. VII. How is this different than the U.S. senate? VIII. The _____________ had existed since the time of the ________________, and survived the rule of the _________________. Notes: IX. X. During the time of the Roman Kingdom, the Senate elected kings, then elected the consuls which lead the Republic, and _____________________________________________________. What is a dictator? Originally the Senate’s role was to advise government officials, but by the 3rd century, the Senate’s decisions had _______________________. XI. XII. The Senate would decide minor matters by __________________________________________, and significant matters by ______________________________________________. Notes: XIII. All senators were required to _______________________________, and since all meetings had to end at nightfall, a senator could _________________________________________________. XIV. What is the modern term for this called? XV. Senators were required to ___________________________________________, they could not ___________________, could not own a ship large enough to conduct commerce, and were not _________________. Notes: The Struggle of the Orders I. Within Roman society and government, there was often ________________________________ because of ____________________________________. 3 II. ____________ especially resented that it was they who ________________________________ Rome, but it was the _______________________. III. Even children of plebeians and patricians were __________________________________. IV. After hundreds of years of struggle, a _____________________ for the plebeians, which had the _________________________ for all Romans. Notes: V. The Romans also developed laws that affected _______________________________________ of the day, and later generations to come. VI. The Romans needed laws to address ____________________ that arose between ____________ _______________________ citizens. VII. They developed _____________________________, which established ___________________ that applied to _________________. VIII. These standards included regarding a person as ____________________________, people were allowed to ___________________________, and a judge was expected to _________________. Notes: The Rise of Rome I. II. In 338 BC, the Romans began conquering other Latin states, by 264 BC the Romans had conquered the __________________________, and then they conquered the _______________. The Romans devised a confederation system in which some people, especially Latins, were given ______________________, the others were made ________________________________ _________________. Notes: III. Loyal allies could improve their status, and could even become _________________________, giving Rome’s conquered peoples a feeling they _____________________________________. IV. The Romans believed that their success was because of their ____________________________ __________________. V. VI. What is this similar to? The Roman historian _______, writing in the 1st century BC, provided a number of stories to teach Romans the _______________________________, such as the story of Horatius. 4 Notes: VII. However, Rome’s success was due in part to them being good diplomats, __________________ __________________________, and they were ________, _____________________________. VIII. The Romans also ____________________, they were ____________________, and if they lost an army or fleet, the Romans would simply _________________________________________. IX. The Romans _____________________________________________ so they could move troops easily and quickly. Notes: The Punic Wars I. The city of _______________, founded around 800 BC by the _________________, had built a trading empire in the Mediterranean. II. The Romans were fearful that Carthage might try to __________________________________. III. In 264 BC, Rome sent and army into ___________, part of the Carthaginian empire, starting the _____________________. IV. Rome, a land power, built a navy to fight Carthage, a sea power, and after long years of struggle, ____________________________ which _________________________ in 241 BC. Notes: V. However, to make up for the loss of Sicily, _______________________________, and Rome’s _______________________________ to revolt started the ____________________ in 218 BC. VI. The Carthaginian general, ___________________, decided to bring the war home to Rome, and entered Spain with about 38,000 troops, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 ______________________. VII. Hannibal ___________________ to enter Italy, and the journey took its toll on his army, killing _______________________, but Hannibal’s army was still a real threat. Notes: VIII. The Romans decided to meet Hannibal head on, ______________________________________. IX. Rome __________________________, but Hannibal could not take Rome, so he roamed up and down the Italian Peninsula. 5 X. The Romans could not defeat Hannibal in Italy, so in a brilliant military move, ______________ __________________ instead. XI. Hannibal was recalled home, but his forces were crushed, and ___________________________ which became a Roman province. Notes: XII. For years afterwards, a number of prominent Romans __________________________________ ________________. XIII. In 146 BC, ____________________________; for 10 days the Romans burned and demolished every building, and the city’s 50,000 men, women, and children were ____________________. XIV. Following the destruction of Carthage, _____________________________________________, and during this time the _________________________________________________________ Notes: 6