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Atom Anatomy Target 1.2 Use the Periodic Table to determine: – Atomic Mass – Number of Protons – Number of Neutrons – Number of Electrons Using the Periodic Table • While the periodic table of elements looks confusing, it is actually very well organized – There are several patterns (called periodic trends) • For example: – The rows are called periods – The columns are called families Using the Periodic Table • Let’s look at one piece of the table • The element hydrogen (atomic symbol H) • While different periodic tables can look different, they all contain essentially the same information Using the Periodic Table • Let’s look at hydrogen from the periodic table in your planner Using the Periodic Table Using the Periodic Table • The atomic symbol is a shorthand abbreviated symbol representing the name of the atom – Most of it is based in greek/latin • That’s why gold is “Au”, lead is Pb, etc. Using the Periodic Table • Atomic Number is also the number of protons in an atom – You remember protons • The positively charged particles in the nucleus • They define the identity of an atom Using the Periodic Table • In a neutral atom (one with no electric charge) the atomic number is also the number of electrons – You remember electrons • The negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus Using the Periodic Table • Atomic Mass – This represents the total mass of a single atom of this element • NOT kg but something called atomic mass units (amu) – You round to the nearest WHOLE number – Equal to the number of protons + the number of neutrons • It is often not a whole number • This is because of isotopes – That’s another episode… Using the Periodic Table • Consider the periodic table entry for carbon – How many protons? How many electrons? – What is the mass of a single carbon atom? – How many neutrons are in an atom of carbon? Using the Periodic Table • Atomic Mass = P + N – number of protons + number of neutrons – Or just look at the periodic table… Using the Periodic Table • Number of Protons = M - N – Mass - number of neutrons – Or just look at the periodic table… Using the Periodic Table • Number of Neutrons = M - P – Mass - number of protons Using the Periodic Table • Number of electrons – Assume it is a neutral atom (unless I tell you it’s not) – If the atom is neutral, then the number of positive charges must equal the number of negative charges – Electrons = protons Using the Periodic Table • Practice! • How many protons? • How many electrons? • Atomic number? • Atomic mass? • How many neutrons? – Mass – protons – 84 – 36 = 48 More practice Remember the Learning Target • Target 1.2 – Use the Periodic Table to determine: • • • • Atomic Mass Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Number of Electrons