* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Matter
Inorganic chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Spinodal decomposition wikipedia , lookup
Organic chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Atomic theory wikipedia , lookup
Abundance of the chemical elements wikipedia , lookup
Photopolymer wikipedia , lookup
Ceramic engineering wikipedia , lookup
California Green Chemistry Initiative wikipedia , lookup
Physical organic chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory wikipedia , lookup
Chemical weapon proliferation wikipedia , lookup
Gas chromatography wikipedia , lookup
Chemical industry wikipedia , lookup
Chemical plant wikipedia , lookup
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry wikipedia , lookup
Vapor–liquid equilibrium wikipedia , lookup
Chemical element wikipedia , lookup
Chemical weapon wikipedia , lookup
Chemical potential wikipedia , lookup
Chemical Corps wikipedia , lookup
Chemical imaging wikipedia , lookup
Chemistry: A Volatile History wikipedia , lookup
Nanochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Periodic table wikipedia , lookup
Drug discovery wikipedia , lookup
Safety data sheet wikipedia , lookup
Condensed matter physics wikipedia , lookup
Chemical thermodynamics wikipedia , lookup
VX (nerve agent) wikipedia , lookup
Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals wikipedia , lookup
History of chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Basic Concepts of Matter Chapter 4 Chemistry The science devoted to the study of matter, its composition, its structure, its properties, and the changes it undergoes (via reactions). Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass Mass pertains to the quantity of matter that an object has unaffected by location defined as resistance to acceleration 1 Weight: results from the force that gravity exerts since the force of gravity can vary depending on location, weight (unlike mass) can vary with location eg: consider the weightlessness of an object on the moon but its mass does not change 2 Composition and Structure of Matter Composition: - identity and amount of each component water, H2O Structure: - manner in which the components are put together 3 Physical States of Matter solid: -non compressible -definite shape and volume liquid: -slightly compressible -flows -indefinite shape -definite volume gas: -readily compressible -indefinite shape and volume -takes shape of the container 4 Changes of State Process of changing from one physical state to another melting solidification (or freezing) evaporation (or boiling) condensation sublimation deposition 5 Properties of Matter characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another Extensive Properties a property that depends on the amount of substance present Intensive Properties a property that is independent of the amount of substance 6 Properties of Matter: Physical properties: -properties that can be observed without the substance changing into another substance(s) Chemical properties: -properties that matter exhibits as it is undergoing a change in chemical composition, or as it resists a change in chemical composition 7 Physical /Chemical Change Physical Change: -no change in the chemical composition of the matter Chemical Change: -involves a change in chemical composition -always produces at least one new substance 8 Property vs. Change Physical Change melting boiling compression dissolution (dissolving) process that involves a transformation from one form to another but the substance identity remains the same Physical Property melting point boiling point density solubility characteristic used to distinguish one substance from another 9 Chemical change or Physical change? A) The alcohol in a thermometer rises with increasing temperature B) A copper church steeple turns malachite green C) A twig is mashed up with a hammer D) A grease spot is dissolved with petroleum E) A cake bakes in the oven How do we know if a chemical change has taken place? Evidence of chemical change: 10 Classification of Matter: Pure Substance: -single kind of matter -definite and constant composition -identical composition and properties throughout sample Mixture: -physical combination of two or more pure substances -varied properties -composition may vary from sample to sample -chemical identity of the individual components is maintained -some mixtures can be separated into pure substances 11 Types of mixtures Homogeneous mixture - has only one phase - uniform properties in a sample - same composition in a sample Heterogeneous mixture - 2 or more phases (with same or different physical states) - each phase has different properties 12 Phase In a system of two or more phases, each phase is a visibly different part which has different properties The variation in properties may be : - different physical properties in each phase - different chemical properties - different physical and chemical properties 13 Physical Separation Techniques By eye Filtration to separate solid and liquid Distillation to separate two or more liquids with different boiling points Selective condensation to separate gases with different condensation temperatures Chromatography to separate pure liquids or solutions of compounds 14 Filtration Laboratory filtration of a heterogeneous mixture Water filtration plant 15 Distillation 16 Column Chromatography Paper Chromatography 17 Types of pure substances: Element - cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means eg: iron, silver, oxygen, gold Compound: - can be broken down into 2 or more simpler substances - ultimately broken down to elements - a compound is not a mixture electric current H 2O ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯→ H 2 + O2 18 Practice 1. Classify each as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Seawater Helium gas Sodium chloride (table salt) A soft drink A milkshake Air Concrete 19 Elements In principle all matter can ultimately be broken down into one or more of over 109 different elements (112 known, 88 occur naturally) The building blocks of all matter: elements, compounds, pure substances, mixtures Represented in the Periodic Table Symbols can be equated to the alphabet of a new language Put together to form words (chemical formula) and then sentences (chemical equations) 20 The Periodic Table of the Elements 21 Interactive Periodic Table SFU Chemistry Dept 9000 Level Interactive Periodic Table Know the Elements For the first midterm: February 7th know the names, symbols and position in the Periodic Table of the first 36 elements 24 Classification of Matter Matter Mixtures physical methods Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixtures Mixtures Pure Substances Compounds Elements chemical methods 25