Download Protein Synthesis Self Check

This is a working document. Use this as an additional study guide, during lecture, and as review. You should be
able to answer all of the questions on here by the end of the unit, ask questions if they don’t make sense.
DNA Review Questions:
1) What is a gene?
2) Why is DNA called the master molecule?
3) Would your genetic code be identical to your siblings? Why or why not?
4) What are 3 ways that DNA and RNA are different from one another? Be specific!
5) Which base pair in DNA binds to the other? (How do nucleotides bond?)
6) What organic class/group would both RNA and DNA be placed?
7) What are the steps of DNA replication? What happens in each step?
8) What functional group would both RNA and DNA have?
9) What is the name of the scientists who are credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
A) Meischer and Griffith B) Franklin and Griffith
C) Watson and Meischer
D) Watson and Crick
10) How many chromosomes are there in a human cell?
A) 44
B) 24
C) 46
D) 22
11) Which of the following is not found in a strand of DNA?
A) adenine
B) thymine
C) uracil
D) cytosine
12) You are DNA polymerase. You are reading DNA whose sequence is AATCTGTCGTATC. What is the correct
complementary sequence you will be constructing to form a double-stranded piece of DNA?
A) CCGAGTGATGCGA
B) TTAGACAGCATAC
C) GATACGACAGATT
D) TTAGACAGCATAG
13) What are the steps of transcription? What happens in each step? In your own words, briefly describe genetic
recombination.
14) Where does transcription occur? Why there?
15) If I am using DNA to make a copy in the form of RNA how will the newly made RNA differ once we are done?
(Think of at least 3 differences)
16) Why will making RNA be easier than doing DNA synthesis?
17) What enzyme actually is responsible for creating the new strand of RNA in transcription?
18) What is transcription? Why must it occur in the nucleus?
19) Where does translation occur? Why there?
20) What is the first thing we must do in order to be able to perform transcription? What bonds must be broken in
order to do this?
21) Knowing what DNA polymerase does, what does RNA polymerase do?
22) What is a polypeptide? What is a peptide bond? What is bonded together with peptide bonds? What
confirmations are possible with proteins?
23) What is a codon? How many base pairs makes up a single codon?
24) What is an amino acid?
25) What is the relationship between amino acids and proteins?
26) Based on what you said above, if you had a protein made up of 100 amino acids, how many nucleotide bases
were there in the mRNA that coded for that protein? How many codons does that represent?
27) The first product of transcription contains unusable “junk” sequences, what do we call these regions?
28) The first product of transcription must be edited so we refer to it as “pre-mRNA” what specific things are done to
this molecule during editing?
29) Make a t-chart and contrast DNA with RNA using at least 5 features!
30)Complete the following table
NAME OF RNA
Messenger
Ribosomal
Transfer
NOTATION FOR THIS RNA
SHAPE& FUNCTION
Matching:
A) Composed of two subunits; has a P, E and A amino acid binding sites as well as a binding site for mRNA
B) How the nucleotide bases in mRNA are read
C) On tRNA, an attachment site for an amino acid
D) UAA, UAG, UGA
E) A sequence of three nucleotide bases that can pair with a specific mRNA codon
F) Name for each base triplet in mRNA
G) The number of codons that actually specify amino acids
H) AUG
1) ___ Codon
4).___ the “start” codon
7).___ anticodon
2) .___three bases at a time
5).___ molecular “hook”
8).___ the “stop” codons
3) .___ sixty-one
6).___ ribosome
Process of Protein Synthesis
9) Given the following DNA sequence, deduce the composition of the mRNA transcript:
TAC
AAG
ATA
ACA
TTA
TTT
CCT
ACC
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
(mRNA transcript)
GTC
_____
ATC
_____
10) Deduce the composition of the tRNA anticodons that would pair with the specific mRNA codons:
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
(tRNA anticodons)
_____
_____
_____
11) From the mRNA transcript in question 9, use table below to deduce the composition of the amino acids of the
polypeptide sequence.
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
(amino acids)
_____
12) Predict what a mutation will do to this process!
_____
_____