Download File - Mr. Holmes Wonderful World of History

SSWH5 THE STUDENT WILL TRACE THE ORIGINS
AND EXPANSION OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD
BETWEEN 600 CE AND 1300 CE.
A. EXPLAIN THE ORIGINS OF ISLAM AND
THE GROWTH OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE.
Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570. Mecca
was a trading region-many in the area worshiped
multiple gods and idols.
According to Muslim belief, at age 40 he heard the
voice of an angel proclaiming that there is only one
god-Allah.
He began to preach and convert people publicly to
Islam.
Helped to unite the Arabian Peninsula under Islam.
THE GROWTH OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE
Muhammad’s successors (caliphs:KAY-lihfs)
helped to spread Islam through conquest
The Muslims easily conquered the Byzantine
and Persian Empires: defeated people could
keep their religious beliefs and hold
government positions, but had fewer rights and
had to pay higher taxes.
MUHAMMAD (570-632)
B. IDENTIFY THE MUSLIM TRADE ROUTES TO INDIA,
CHINA, EUROPE, AND AFRICA AND ASSESS THE
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THIS TRADE.
MUSLIM TRADE
Muslims traded across the Mediterranean
Sea and Indian Ocean and across the Silk
Roads of China and India
Muslims set up banks across the empire
where merchants could exchange a sakk
(check) for money
Trade routes helped to exchange ideas, art,
science , and architecture
C. EXPLAIN THE REASONS FOR THE SPLIT
BETWEEN SUNNI AND SHIA MUSLIMS.
In 656 the Muslim leader Utman was murdered
starting a civil war
The Umayyads (oo-MYE-yadz) came to power
and moved the Muslim capital away from
Mecca to Damascus
A minority group of Muslims, the Shi’ites,
refused to follow the Umayyads (Sunni)
D. IDENTIFY THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF ISLAMIC
SCHOLARS IN MEDICINE (IBN SINA) AND
GEOGRAPHY (IBN BATTUTA).
Ibn Sina:
-Wrote the “Cannon of Medicine”
Book was widely used throughout
Europe
-determined tuberculosis is
contagious
-diseases can spread through soil
and water
IBN BATTUTA
(GEOGRAPHY)
Started his travels when
he was 20
Traveled for almost 30
years, visiting all of the
Muslim controlled
territories, China, Russia
and Africa
Wrote about his
adventures
E. DESCRIBE THE IMPACT OF THE CRUSADES ON
BOTH THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND EUROPE.
The Crusades were a Holy war fought
between Christians and Muslims to gain
control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem)
The Crusades lasted over 200 years (1096)
Europeans fought not only for religious
reasons but also as an opportunity for
adventure and wealth
Over half of Crusaders never made it back
home
IMPACT OF THE CRUSADES
Islamic World:
-Expanded trade between
Asia/Africa and Europe
-A lingering distrust of
Christians, who showed
little tolerance while in the
Holy Lands
Europe:
-Expanded trade between
Asia/Africa and Europe
-Weakened the power of the
Pope and Catholic Church
-Weakened the Byzantine
Empire
-Increased the power of Kings
F. ANALYZE THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY,
ANDAllISLAM.
three religions identify areas in the Middle East
as being significant to their religion, particularly the
city of Jerusalem
JERUSALEM
-Judaism: Considered the holiest
city: The Wailing Wall
-Christianity: Where Jesus
preached, was buried and
crucified
-Islam:3rd holiest city,
Muhammad visited the city,
and where he ascended into
heaven
All 3 religions have major places
of worship within the city
E.2) Spread of Mongol Empire
Mongols –came from the Asian steppe
(grassy, mostly treeless plain) east of the
Ural mountains.
Took advantage of weakness of Kiev (under
attack)
By 1240 took almost every city in Kievan
Russia
Crossed Carpathians into Hungary &
Poland—defeated their armies
--didn’t stay in Europe long/ wanted to go back to Russia
--chose new Mongol leader
E.2) Genghis Khan (1162-1227) fiercest
Mongol
leader of all time
Created an immense empire
Early 1200s—took Beijing—moved westward,
conquered Central Asia and most of Persia
His grandson
Kublai Khan—conquered rest of
China, Tibet and some of S.E. Asia
tried to capture Japan
Another grandson—Batu—invaded Europe in 1240
Controlled Russia for 200 years
Genghis Khan
Kublai Khan
E.2) Impact on Russia, China, &
the West
China prospered under
Mongol rule
*Empire secured under the Mongols
--population increased
--Grand Canal extended in length to
transport food
--better trade routes & courier stations
(fresh horses)
--better communication
--better unity and order
--contact with rest of the world
**Marco Polo visit
E.2) Russia (under Mongol
rule)
Mongols taxed Kievan people
heavily
◦ Pay taxes = keep gov’t and
culture
Peasants pay with $ or labor
Built important roads
Improved methods of taxation &
communication
Mongol words entered language
that became Russian
Some customs, traditions, and
behaviors came from Mongol
culture
E.2) The West
--Mongols invaded Hungary and
Poland
--1242 defeated Hungary and Poland
armies
**fear of Mongol attack stimulated
defense planning and sped up
urbanization, technological
development & political
centralization
E.2) Mongols
Regarded as “agents of death”
caused suffering—horrible
massacres
Spread of
disease—
•Trade routes improved
the
•Markets expanded
Plague!!!
•Trade on Silk Road revived
1340s
Rarely outnumbered enemies
Good riders/ superior bow skills
could shoot 1/3 farther
flaming arrows
enormous projectiles from catapults
surrender or face annihilation