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September 23, 2015 Topic 4 Wearing Your Genes Genetics In this topic you will... 1) investigate the transmission of characteristics from parents to children. 2) Look at things that are the same and different from your parents 3) Look at nature vs. nurture 4) Look as examples of dominant and recessive characteristics September 23, 2015 TWO KINDS OF VARIATION CONTINUOUS VARIATION - Range of possibilities for each of these traits - Eg. Skin colour, height and hair colour. September 23, 2015 DISCRETE VARIATION - limited number of possibilities - the knowledge of genetics has focussed on discrete variation Eg. Tongue roller, blood types Blood Type website September 23, 2015 LAB TIME Observing Human Characteristics Complete the lab on the handout provided to you Let's go thorough the discrete traits together... September 23, 2015 Mid-digital Hair or No mid-digital Hair September 23, 2015 Tongue Rolling and Non-rolling September 23, 2015 Attached and Unattached Earlobe September 23, 2015 Curved and Straight Thumb September 23, 2015 Pointed and Smooth Hairline September 23, 2015 DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE - During sexual reproduction traits like tongue rolling are passed from parents to offspring. - Children do not always show their parents traits - Genes for traits are inherited in pairs • One from the mother and one from the father. September 23, 2015 - Dominant trait is the visible one when different genes are present - Recessive trait only appears when it is inherited from both parents. September 23, 2015 Dominance VS. Common - Polydactyly (having six fingers) is a dominant trait - dominance and frequency are not the same thing - just because something is dominant does NOT mean it is common. September 23, 2015 2mins Punnet Square: Practice Roller - R Non-roller -r Mom D a d Punnet Squares September 23, 2015 Punnet Square: Practice Blonde/Red hair - b Brown hair - B Dad TONIGHT... You need to collect data about your parents on the traits on the sheet provided to you. Mom September 23, 2015 Investigation "Inheritance of Human Characteristics" Steps: 1) Use the data you collect about your parents AND the Punnet squares sheet to display your data. 2) Use the information from your parents to create a Punnet square for each trait. NOTE: If you received the trait from BOTH parents... your parents are Dom/Dom One could be... Dom/Res 3) Complete the Analyze questions (Pg. 41 #1, 4 & 6) on a separate sheet of paper, and attach it to you punnet square sheet. 4) Hand in when finished... Or complete for homework. September 23, 2015 NATURE VS NURTURE - Not all characteristics are inherited some depend on the environment. Eg. Scars, hairstyles etc. September 23, 2015 - some characteristics are due to a combination of factors Eg. environment, weight September 23, 2015 - balance between environment (nurture) and genetics (nature) is not well understood. September 23, 2015 MUTATIONS Bill Nye - Genetics 45:00mins Mutations interactive - genetic information can be changed by factors in the environment and random errors - changes in genetic information is called mutations - mutations can cause changes to structure of an organism - x-rays, ultra-violet rays are mutagens because they cause mutations. September 23, 2015 Topic 4 REVIEW We will complete Topic 4 Review as a ...