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Wearing your Genes Unit A: Topic 4 • The passing on of traits from parents to offspring is called heredity. • The branch of science that deals with heredity is called genetics. Heritable vs. Non-heritable • Heritable characteristics – Passed on from one generation to the next. Ex. Eye colour, hair colour, skin colour, hair type • Non-heritable characteristics – Not passed on from generation to generation – They are acquired through life Ex. Ability to play an instrument, a scar, dyed hair Two Kinds of Inherited Variation • Continuous Variation – When there is a range of possibilities Ex. Height, mass, hair colour • Discrete Variation – The “either/or” form of a characteristic – When there are only a few options to choose from Ex. Blood type (A, B, AB, O), Sex (male or female), ability to curl your tongue (Can or cannot) Variation in the Environment • Even though there are many heritable traits, those traits can be affected by the environment • Malnutrition can cause a child from tall parents to be short. • No light can cause a plant from healthy parents to wither. – There was a very tricky PAT question on this last year! • Observing Human Characteristics LAB Why are only some traits passed on? There are dominant and recessive traits. • Dominant traits – This trait will always show up in the offspring • Recessive traits – This trait will not show up if another dominant trait is present. Fun with Punnett squares • Handout – Punnett squares example OTHER TERMS: • Hybrid (heterozygous) - one capital letter and one lower case letter Example: Bb • Purebred (homozygous) – two capital letters or two lowercase letters Example: BB or bb Mouse Genetics (one trait) on learnalberta.ca • Gizmo • http://www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?met hod=cExtAccessSecure.dspResource&ResourceID =449&certificate=authorizer%3DLearnAlberta%2 6userid%3Dla44%26i%3D0%26expires%3D2013% 252F09%252F24%2B09%253A48%253A47%26ha sh%3DVVtdoj6icWDFrLwZk2G9rQ%253D%253D Mouse Genetics (one trait) on learnalberta.ca Nature vs. Nurture • Read page 42 from the textbook.
