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Biology 156 Evolutionary Ecology 19 Jan 2001 Bob Podolsky Week 1-2. Review of basic concepts Study guide After module 1, a review of basic concepts, you should be able to: Lectures 1.1, 2.1 1) State four postulates of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection (TENS) 2) Explain for each postulate how a failure to satisfy the postulate would falsify the hypothesis of evolution by natural selection 3) Create a biological scenario using Bumpus’ data that would be consistent with an episode of evolution by natural selection, and then give an alternative scenario that would be inconsistent 4) Describe the further evidence that would be needed to distinguish between these alternative hypotheses 5) Describe how the Grants showed that characteristics associated with bill dimensions and body size would likely be passed from parent to offspring 6) Explain a circumstance that would undermine the idea that traits are passed from parent to offspring 7) Describe the relationship between bird traits and food availability that the Grants used to claim that changes in bird traits were due to selection rather than drift 8) Explain five problems of using Bumpus’ data to claim that evolution by natural selection had occurred 9) Explain why all measured characteristics of the average finch increased in size some years, but decreased other years 10) Define the term “performance,” and explain how the Grants used performance data to establish causality in evolutionary change 11) Define "adaptation" and explain why the Grants considered bill dimensions to be “adaptations” that evolved in response to environmental conditions 12) Explain why certain finch characteristics might illustrate an evolutionary “trade-off” 13) Explain why a genetic correlation between traits can lead to a “constraint” on the evolution of those traits 14) For a hypothetical example of a genetic correlation between traits, explain why natural selection might occur without evolution of a trait, and why evolution of a trait could occur without natural selection on that trait