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-SQA- SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY NATIONAL CERTIFICATE MODULE: UNIT SPECIFICATION GENERAL INFORMATION -Module Number- 3181893 -Superclass- RD -Title- BIOCHEMISTRY -Session- 1993-94 -------------------------------DESCRIPTIONGENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT: Investigating simple carbohydrates and lipids as well as describing various aspects of amino acids, proteins and describing the structural features of nucleic acids. OUTCOMES 1. investigate the structures, properties and biological activity of simple carbohydrates; 2. investigate the structure and properties of lipids; 3. describe the structural features, reactions and biological role of amino acids and proteins; 4. describe the structural features of nucleic acids. CREDIT VALUE: 1 NC Credit ACCESS STATEMENT: 3181121 Nature of Organic Compounds 3180022 Organic Chemistry - Reactions and Synthesis Pathways ---------------------------------For further information contact: Committee and Administration Unit, SQA, Hanover House, 24 Douglas Street, Glasgow G2 7NQ. This specification is distributed free to all approved centres. Additional copies may be purchased from SQA (Sales and Despatch section) at a cost of £1.50 (minimum order £5). Unit No. 3181893 Continuation Session 1993-94 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE MODULE: UNIT SPECIFICATION STATEMENT OF STANDARDS UNIT NUMBER: 3181893 UNIT TITLE: BIOCHEMISTRY Acceptable performance in this unit will be the satisfactory achievement of the standards set out in this part of the specification. All sections of the statement of standards are mandatory and cannot be altered without reference to SQA. OUTCOME 1. INVESTIGATE THE STRUCTURES, PROPERTIES BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The representations of the structures of simple monosaccharides for cyclic forms and Fischer projections are correct. The description of the representations of the partial structures of starch and cellulose and the nature of the linkage is correct. The descriptions of the properties of carbohydrates are correct and related to their structure. The description of the biological role of specified carbohydrates is correct. The analysis of a carbohydrate for a given chromatographic technique is correct. RANGE STATEMENT The range statement for this outcome is specified within the performance criteria. EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS Written evidence of the ability to represent specified structures in Performance Criterion (a) and describe the various representations, properties and biological roles given in Performance Criteria (b), (c) and (d) respectively. Performance evidence of the ability to analyse a carbohydrate which will include carrying out an experiment. Written evidence also for Performance Criterion (e) of the recorded observations, reported results and valid conclusions. 2 Unit No. 3181893 Continuation Session 1993-94 An appropriate performance level must be used when judging sufficiency of evidence. OUTCOME 2. INVESTIGATE THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF LIPIDS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (a) (b) (c) (d) The descriptions of the structure of lipids are correct in terms of the carboxylic esters derived from gycerol. The descriptions of saponification are correct and equations correctly balanced. The description of the role of lipids in nutrition, health and disease is correct. The analysis of fatty acids and fats is correct. RANGE STATEMENT The range statement for this outcome is specified within the performance criteria. EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS Written evidence of the ability to describe the structure of lipids, saponification and the specified role of lipids. Performance evidence of the ability to analyse fatty acids which will include carrying out an experiment. Written evidence also for Performance Criterion (d) of the recorded observations, reported results and valid conclusions. An appropriate performance level must be used when judging sufficiency of evidence. OUTCOME 3. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES, REACTIONS AND BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (a) (b) The representations of amino acids and proteins are correct for given examples. The descriptions of the properties of amino acids and proteins are correct for given examples. 3 Unit No. 3181893 (c) (d) (e) (f) Continuation Session 1993-94 The descriptions of the role of proteins are correct for biological systems. The description of the role of enzyme, of the modes of action and of the factors affecting its activity are correct for specific examples. The analysis of amino acids and proteins is correct for an electrophoretic technique. The determination of the activity of an enzyme is correct using an experimental technique. RANGE STATEMENT The range statement for this outcome is specified within the performance criteria. EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS Written evidence of the ability to give the required representations of amino acids and proteins and to describe specified properties, role of proteins and the role of enzyme given with performance Criteria (a) to (d) respectively. Performance evidence of the ability to analyse amino acids which will include carrying out an experiment. Written evidence also for Performance Criterion (e) of the recorded observations, reported results and valid conclusions. Performance evidence of the ability to determine the activity of an enzyme which will include the carrying out of an experiment. Written evidence also for Performance Criterion (f) of the recorded observations, reported results and valid conclusions. An appropriate performance level must be used when judging sufficiency of evidence. OUTCOME 4. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (a) (b) The representations of the structure of DNA and RNA are accurate with respect to their structure. The description of the processes of replication, transcription and translation for given examples are correct. RANGE STATEMENT The range statement for this outcome is specified within the performance criteria. 4 Unit No. 3181893 Continuation Session 1993-94 EVIDENCE REQUIREMENT Written evidence of the ability to describe the process of replication, transcription and translation and provide representations of the structure of DNA and RNA. An appropriate performance level must be used when judging sufficiency of evidence. --------------------------------- ASSESSMENT RECORDS In order to achieve this unit, candidates are required to present sufficient evidence that they have met all the performance criteria for each outcome within the range specified. Details of these requirements are given for each outcome. The assessment instruments used should follow the general guidance offered by the SQA assessment model and an integrative approach to assessment is encouraged. (See references at the end of support notes). Accurate records should be made of assessment instruments used showing how evidence is generated for each outcome and giving marking schemes and/or checklists, etc. Records of candidates' achievements should be kept. These records will be available for external verification. SPECIAL NEEDS In certain cases, modified outcomes and range statements can be proposed for certification. See references at end of Support Notes. Copyright SQA 1993 Please note that this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that: (i) (ii) no profit is derived from the reproduction; if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged. 5 Unit No. 3181893 Continuation Session 1993-94 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE MODULE: UNIT SPECIFICATION SUPPORT NOTES UNIT NUMBER 3181893 UNIT TITLE BIOCHEMISTRY SUPPORT NOTES: This part of the unit specification is offered as guidance. None of the sections of the support notes is mandatory. NOTIONAL DESIGN LENGTH: SQA allocates a notional design length to a unit on the basis of time estimated for achievement of the stated standards by a candidate whose starting point is as described in the access statement. The notional design length for this unit is 40 hours. The use of notional design length for programme design and timetabling is advisory only. PURPOSE This module will enable the candidate to develop an understanding of biochemistry and protein solving skills, required within the context of biological chemistry. SQA publishes summaries of NC units for easy reference, publicity purposes, centre handbooks, etc. The summary statement for this unit is as follows: This module will enable you to investigate the structure and properties of carbohydrates and lipids. You will also learn how to describe the structural features, reactions and biological role of amino acids and proteins and the structural features of nucleic acids. CONTENT/CONTEXT Safety regulations and safe working procedures should be observed at all times. Corresponding to Outcomes 1-4: 1. Monosaccharides - pentoses and hexoses, general properties - reducing and non-reducing sugars; mutarotation and ring structure. Structure of starch and cellulose and the nature of the linkage. Biological role of carbohydrates. 2. Lipids - structure - glycerol and carboxylic esters derived from glycerol; fatty acids; saponification. Role of lipids in nutrition, health and disease. 3. Structure of amino acids, ionic forms, zwitterions and the Isoeletric point. Peptide linkage. Properties of amino acids and simple proteins. Role of proteins in biological systems. Structure of proteins in biological systems. Structure of enzymes. Structure of enzymes, modes of action and factors affecting activity. 6 Unit No. 3181893 4. Continuation Session 1993-94 Structure of DNA and RNA. Replication, transcription and translation. APPROACHES TO GENERATING EVIDENCE A candidate-centred resource based approach is likely to be the most suitable for this module. During the work of the module, candidates should have several opportunities to develop practical and problem-solving skills. Each candidate should be assessed at appropriate points throughout the module. Where a candidate is unsuccessful in achieving an outcome, provision should be made for remediation and reassessment. Safety considerations should be observed at all times. ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES Centres may use the Instrument of Assessment which are considered by tutors/trainers to be the most appropriate. Examples of Instruments of Assessment which could be used are as follows: OUTCOME 1 It is recommended that objective questions are used to cover Performance Criteria (a) to (c) 14 objective questions could be used such as multiple choice or grid questions. The questions could be allocated to the performance criteria as follows: Performance Criterion (a) (b) (c) representations of cyclic forms 3 representations of Fischer projections partial structure of starch and glucose properties of carbohydrates 3 2 6 For performance criterion (d) 2 extended response questions could be set. Performance Criterion (e) could be assessed by means of an assignment including the experiment and the necessary paperwork. A checklist should be devised to ensure the candidate's completion of the assignment. Satisfactory performance level within the outcome could be demonstrated by the candidate achieving at least 4 correct responses for (a), 4 correct responses for (c) and the full and correct completion of Performance Criteria (b), (d) and (e). OUTCOME 2 It is recommended that for Performance Criteria (a) and (c), 2 objective questions are set, and for Performance Criterion (b), 3 extended response questions. It is recommended that an assignment is set for performance criterion (d) whereby the candidate will carry out a practical exercise and a written report of the observations, results and conclusion. An observation checklist should be used to evidence the candidate's practical work. 7 Unit No. 3181893 Continuation Session 1993-94 An appropriate performance level for the outcome could be by the candidate achieving 2 correct responses for Performance Criteria (a) and (c) and 2 correct responses for Performance Criterion (b). OUTCOME 3 It is recommended that objective questions, extended response questions and an assignment are used. For Performance Criteria (a) and (b) 4 objective questions could be set. Restricted response or short answer questions would be suitable. For Performance Criteria (c) and (d) one extended response question for each could be used. For Performance Criteria (e) and (f) an assignment for each could be completed. Within each the candidate should perform an experiment, record observations, report results and draw valid conclusions. Satisfactory performance of the outcome could be demonstrated by the candidate achieving 3 correct responses for Performance Criteria (a) and (b), 1 correct response for Performance Criteria (c) and (d) and the full and correct completion of performance criteria (e) and (f). OUTCOME 4 Objective and extended response questions could be used here. The questions could be allocated to the Performance Criteria as follows: Performance Criterion (a) 2 objective questions. Performance Criterion (b) - 3 extended response questions, 1 on replication, 1 on transcription and 1 on translation. An appropriate performance level will be the correct completion of all the questions to satisfy the evidence requirements. RECOGNITION Many SQA NC units are recognised for entry/recruitment purposes. For up-to-date information see the SQA guide 'Recognised and Recommended Groupings'. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. Guidelines for Module Writers. SQA's National Standards for Assessment and Verification. For a fuller discussion on assessment issues, please refer to SQA's Guide to Assessment. Procedures for special needs statements are set out in SQA's guide 'Students with Special Needs'. 8 Unit No. 3181893 Continuation Session 1993-94 Copyright SQA 1993 Please note that this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that: (i) (ii) no profit is derived from the reproduction; if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged. 9