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Transcript
Circular Motion and Torque Uniform Circular Motion • Motion in a perfect circle (so the radius is always the same) at a constant speed. Frequency and Period Period (T) – The time it takes for one revolution (one full circle) Frequency (f) – The number of revolutions per second, this is measured in Hertz (Hz) 𝟏 T= 𝐟 𝟏 f= 𝐓 Tangential Velocity • The speed and direction an object is moving in a circle is called Tangential Velocity This is because the direction is always tangent to the circle You can tell this by swinging an object in a circle and then letting go. Tangential Velocity Fire Spinners in Thailand Tangential Velocity You can also feel this when you take a steep turn in a car! Vt Vt Tangential Velocity vt = 2πr T vt = tangential velocity (m/s) r = radius of circle (m) T = Period (s) f = frequency (Hz) Centripetal Acceleration Is an object moving in a perfect circle at a constant speed accelerating? Yes!! Remember that velocity involves speed AND direction. The direction is constantly changing so the object is accelerating. This is called Centripetal Acceleration Centripetal Acceleration Centripetal Acceleration - the acceleration of something moving in a circle Centripetal acceleration is ALWAYS INWARD ac ac ac ac Centripetal Acceleration ac= 2 v r ac= centripetal acceleration (m/s2) v = tangential velocity (m/s) r = radius of circle (m) Centripetal vs. Centrifugal • Centripetal means towards the center “Center-seeking” • Centrifugal means away from the center “Center-fleeing” Centripetal Force Centripetal Force – The net force required to keep an object moving in a circular path. This could be a… Frictional force Tension force Gravitational force Centripetal Force Centripetal Force is always acting towards the center of the circle. Fc Fc Fc Fc Centripetal Force Fc = mac Fc = Centripetal Force (N) m = mass (kg) ac = Centripetal Acceleration (m/s2) Torque Torque - a twisting forces that causes rotation Objects rotate around the Axis of Rotation (basically the center point) Axis of rotation Torque τ=Fr τ = Torque (Nm) F = Linear Force (N) r = Radius (m) Torque The radius is how far from the axis of rotation you apply your force. The further away you are, the more torque you are able to apply. τ = Fr As r increase, τ increases Torque Examples Have you ever tried to open a door by pushing/pulling near the hinges? Which wrench is easier to use? Torque Wrench