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Transcript
AP Physics B Electrostatics 1. To say that charge is both quantized and conserved is to say that charges (A) occur in infinite quantities that stay the same throughout an electricity problem. (B) interact with neighboring charges of opposite sign, and all the positive charges cancel all the positive charges. (C) come in whole number multiples of 1 electron or proton and that they cannot be created or destroyed. (D) is measured in the quantity known as Coulombs, and this fundamental quantity cannot be created or destroyed. (E) None of these. 2. Conductors (A) hold their outer, valence, electrons loosely. (B) allow the transfer of electrons (C) store charges on their outer surface. (D) Have no electric field inside the conductor. (E) All of the above. 3. Insulators (A) hold their own electrons strongly. (B) must always have a neutral charge. (C) do not restrict the flow of charges. (D) A and B only (E) All of these. 4. In the Oil Drop Experiment it was determined that (A) all the drops were negatively charged. (B) all drops received a charge that was a multiples of 1.6×10−19 C. (C) no values of charge were smaller than 1.6×10−19 C. (D) all values of charge were multiples of 1.6×10−19 C. (E) All of the above. 5. Which of these combinations exerts an attraction force? (A) two positive charges (B) two negative charges (C) a positive and a negative charge (D) a positive and a neutral charge (E) a negative and a neutral charge 6. Which of these combinations exerts no force on one another? (A) two neutral charges (B) a neutral charge and a positive charge (C) a neutral charge and a negative charge (D) two uncharged objects (E) All of these. 7. The electrical force acting between two charges depends on (A) the magnitude of the largest charge. (B) the magnitude of both charges. (C) the distance between the charges (D) the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them. (E) None of these.. Sample MC 8. The electrical force between charges increases when the magnitude of (A) charge increases and distance between them increases. (B) charge increases and distance between them decreases. (C) charge decreases and distance between them increases. (D) charge decreases and distance between them decreases. (E) There are two possible combinations of answers that meet the criteria. 9. The distance between two charged is halved. The force between the charges is (A) decreased by a factor of 4 (B) decreased by a factor of 2 (C) unaffected. (D) increased by a factor of 2 (E) increased by a factor of 4 10. There is a force F between two like charged spheres. The charge on one of spheres is doubled while the charge on the other is quadrupled. The spheres are moved apart until the distance between them is double the initial distance. The new force between them is (A) F/4 (B) F/2 (C) F (D) 2F (E) 4F 11. A +1000 C charge interacts with a –10 C charge. The force that the –10 C charge pulls on the +1000 C charge with is (A) much smaller than the force that the +1000 C charge pulls on the –10 C charge. (B) a little smaller than the force that the +1000 C charge pulls on the –10 C charge. (C) the same as the force that the +1000 C charge pulls on the –10 C charge. (D) a little bigger than the force that the +1000 C charge pulls on the –10 C charge. (E) much bigger than the force that the +1000 C charge pulls on the –10 C charge. 12. The mass of a proton is 1833 times larger than the mass of an electron. When a proton an electron interact with each other the oversized proton’s electric force on the electron is (A) many times larger than the electric force of the electron on the proton. (B) negligibly larger than the electric force of the electron on the proton. (C) exactly the same as the electric force of the electron on the proton. (D) negligibly smaller than the electric force of the electron on the proton. (E) many times smaller than the electric force of the electron on the proton. 13. The direction of the electric field at a point in space is the same as the direction that an imaginary (test) (A) mass moves. (B) positive charge moves. (C) negative charge moves. (D) neutral charge moves. (E) None of these is correct. 14. Field lines (A) extend from positive to negative. (B) never cross. (C) are in the direction of force on a positive charge. (D) leave and enter surfaces perpendicular to the surface. (E) All of these. -Q +Q P 15. Charges +Q and −Q are located near a point P as shown. What is the direction of the electric field at point P? (A) +x (B) −x (C) +y (D) −y (E) zero 16. A positive and a negative charge are released near each other. As they move (A) F increases, a increases, and v increases. (B) F increases, a increases, and v decreases. (C) F decreases, a decreases, and v increases. (D) F decreases, a decreases, and v decreases. (E) F increases, a decreases, and v decreases. 17. Two like charges are released near each other. As they move (A) F increases, a increases, and v increases. (B) F increases, a increases, and v decreases. (C) F decreases, a decreases, and v increases. (D) F decreases, a decreases, and v decreases. (E) F increases, a decreases, and v decreases. 18. A proton and an electron are placed between the same charged plates. Assume the attraction to each other is insignificant compared to the attraction to the plates. Which of these is true? (A) The proton and electron move in the same direction, and the proton has a higher acceleration. (B) The proton and electron move in the same direction, and the electron has a higher acceleration. (C) The proton and electron move in the opposite directions, and the proton has a higher acceleration. (D) The proton and electron move in the opposite directions, and the electron has a higher acceleration. (E) The proton and electron move in the opposite directions, and have the same accelerations. 19. Two oppositely charged plates have a potential difference of 6 V. Which of the following is the best answer? (A) The negative plate is always designated as 0 V and this will mean that the positive plate must be 6 V. (B) The positive plate is always designated as 0 V and this will mean that the negative plate must be 6 V. (C) Zero volts must be in the middle, so the positive plate is +3 V and the negative plate is –3 V. (D) Both A and C are acceptable. Answer B is completely backwards. (E) Any numbering system is acceptable so long as the positive plate has a higher potential than the negative plate, and when the negative plates potential is subtracted from the positive plates potential a potential difference of 6 V is calculated. 20. Which of the following is true of the potential difference between plates? (A) The positive plate is always the high potential plate, and the negative plate is always the low potential plate. (B) The assignment of the high and low potential depends on whether a positive charge or negative charge is moving between the plates. A negative charge reverses the sign on everything in the problem. (C) Two points the same distance from the plates have the same potential. (D) Both A and B are correct. (E) Both A and C are correct. +q –q P –q +q 21. Four equal charges are arranged in a square as shown above. Determine which is true regarding the electric field and electric potential at a point P at the center of the arrangement. (A) E ≠ 0 and V < 0 (B) E ≠ 0 and V = 0 (C) E ≠ 0 and V > 0 (D) E = 0 and V = 0 (E) E = 0 and V > 0 22. The potential difference between two points is 12 V. A +2 C charge is moved opposite the direction of the electric field. Which is true? (A) W = 24 J, ∆V = 12 (B) W = 24 J, ∆V = –12 (C) W = –24 J, ∆V = 12 (D) W = –24 J, ∆V = –12 (E) W = 0, ∆V = 0 23. The potential difference between two points is 12 V. A –2 C charge is moved opposite the direction of the electric field. Which is true? (A) W = 24 J, ∆V = 12 (B) W = 24 J, ∆V = –12 (C) W = –24 J, ∆V = 12 (D) W = –24 J, ∆V = –12 (E) W = 0, ∆V = 0 24. The potential difference between two points is 12 V. A –2 C charge is moved perpendicular to the electric field. Which is true? (A) W = 24 J, ∆V = 12 (B) W = 24 J, ∆V = –12 (C) W = –24 J, ∆V = 12 (D) W = –24 J, ∆V = –12 (E) W = 0, ∆V = 0 25. An electric field is shown above. Which answer describes the equipotential lines? (A) Equipotential lines run in the x direction with the highest potential at the top of the diagram. (B) Equipotential lines run in the x direction with the highest potential at the bottom of the diagram. (C) Equipotential lines run in the y direction with the highest potential at the left of the diagram. (D) Equipotential lines run in the y direction with the highest potential at the right of the diagram. (E) Need more information to answer. 12 V 0V –12 V 26. The electric potential for a region in space is shown above. Which describes the electric field in this region? (A) The electric field is directed in the +x direction. (B) The electric field is directed in the –x direction. (C) The electric field is directed in the +y direction. (D) The electric field is directed in the –y direction. (E) The diagram is completely wrong. Potential is never numbered below 0 V. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. C E A E C 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. E D B E D 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. C C B E A 27. Which statement is true? (A) A charged particle moving with the electric field always losses potential energy. (B) A charged particle moving with the electric field always losses potential. (C) A charged particle moving perpendicular to the electric field does positive work. (D) A charged particle moving along equipotential lines does positive work. (E) The answer is charge dependent. In a situation where a proton would gain energy and potential, an electron would lose energy and potential. 28. When two plates are oppositely charged creating a 12 V potential difference (A) the positive plate is the high potential plate, and often labeled 12 V. (B) the negative plate is the low potential plate, and often labeled 0 V. (C) motion perpendicular to the field does not change the potential and is thus motion along an equipotential lines. (D) motion of any kind of charge toward the positive plate raises potential and motion toward the negative plate lowers potential. (E) All of the above. q 29. If you ever see a diagram remotely resembling the diagram above (in any orientation) the equation that should come to mind is 1 1 (A) qV = mv 2 (D) qV = mv 2 2 2 1 2 (B) qV = mv (E) All of the above 2 1 (C) qV = mv 2 2 30. If you see words that look at all like this, “charge is accelerated through a potential difference,” the equation that comes to mind is 1 1 (D) qV = mv 2 (A) qV = mv 2 2 2 1 2 (B) qV = mv (E) All of the above 2 1 (C) qV = mv 2 2 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. A C D E E 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. D A C E C 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. D B E E E