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Human Anatomy
The Heart Worksheet
By learning and understanding all of the items on this outline (after you
fill it in), you will be prepared to answer test questions on this chapter.
Consider this your Study Guide to the Heart.
Place your hand over your heart. As you feel the beat of this muscular organ,
think about what it does to sustain life for you. It is the force behind the
pumping of blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and the pumping of blood to
deliver oxygen and nutrients to your entire body. In one year the heart
pumps an estimated 1 million gallons of blood and beats approximately 40
million times. A daily estimate is 2,700 gallons of blood pumped and I 00,000
beats! Add the fact that blood is pumped through an estimated 60,000 miles
of vessels in your body, and the heart becomes even more phenomenal. The
heart has fascinated and intrigued man for centuries and still today is linked
with human emotions. You r goal in this chapter is to learn the gross anatomy
and functions of the heart and its structures, how blood moves through the
heart, and circulation patterns.
1: Explain the orientation and location of the heart in the human body
Describe the physical characteristics, orientation, and location of the
heart in the mediastinum
Distinguish the apex from the base
Name the structures that the heart contacts
inferiorly, laterally, posteriorly and anteriorly
Define mediastinum.
2: Explain systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circuits
Define artery and vein
Describe be t he heart as being organized into two pumps
Define and summarize the pathway of systemic circulation
Define and summarize the pathway of pulmonary circulation.
Define and summarize the pathway of coronary circulation
3: Describe the gross anatomy of the heart
Define pericardium, and distinguish visceral pericardium, parietal
pericardium, and pericardial sac
Name the layers of the heart wall, from external to internal, including
tissue components of each layer
Describe the surface anatomy of the heart
Name the four chambers of the heart and list structural features of each
Distinguish between the following:
• Atrium and auricle
• Atrium and ventricle
• Pectinate muscle and trabeculae carnea
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Human Anatomy
• Trabeculae carnea and papillary muscle
• Bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve
4: Describe blood flow through the heart and include valves and heart
sounds
Trace a drop of blood from the right atrium back to the right atrium
Review pulmonary and systemic pathways
Define and describe the heartbeat
Name the four valves; describe their locations, structures, and functions
Explain the cause of the first and second heart sounds-"lub" and "dub"
indicating the location on the anterior chest wall for best observations using a
stethoscope.
Describe the cardiac skeleton structural support of the AV valves, including
functions.
5: Describe cardiac muscle tissue
Discuss the structure of cardiac muscle tissue.
Describe the function of cardiac muscle tissue, including the role of intercalated
discs
Compare cardiac muscle tissue to skeletal muscle tissue.
6: Describe the conduction system, and explain innervation to the heart
Discuss the initiation of the heartbeat. (Is innervation needed?)
Distinguish heartbeat from heart rate.
Draw a frontally sectioned heart, and label parts of the conduction system.
List the sequence of events in conduction of an electrical impulse from the SA
node to Purkinje fibers, including contraction of chambers.
Name the kind of tissue that composes the conduction system.
Describe the effects on the heart of innervation by parasympathetic and
sympathetic fibers.
7: Describe blood supply to and from the heart muscle
Name the vessels that supply the heart with oxygenated blood
Name the vessels that drain the heart muscle of deoxygenated blood
Indicate where venous blood of the heart m muscle joins systemic venous blood
Trace the pathway of a drop of blood from the myocardium back to the
myocardium
8: Examine common disorders of the heart
Describe conditions, causes, and symptoms of disorders of the heart: coronary
artery disease, heart failure, valve failure and heart attack
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